This talk was given at the IIPC General Assembly in Paris in May 2014. It introduces the distributed, parallel extraction framework provided by the Web Data Commons project. The framework is public accessible and tailored for the Amazon Web Service Stack. Besides the presentation includes an excerpt of datasets which were extracted from over 100 TB of crawling data and are as well available at http://webdatacommons.org.
In the Open Data world we are encouraged to try to publish our data as “5-star” Linked Data because of the semantic richness and ease of integration that the RDF model offers. For many people and organisations this is a new world and some learning and experimenting is required in order to gain the necessary skills and experience to fully exploit this way of working with data. This workshop will re-assert the case for RDF and provide a guided tour of some examples of RDF publication that can act as a guide to those making a first venture into the field.
Extending DSpace 7: DSpace-CRIS and DSpace-GLAM for empowered repositories an...4Science
Presentation given at OR2019 in Hamburg, Germany
In recent years there has been an increasing need to position institutional repositories in a broader context that enhances research opportunities and facilitates the discovery of resources. This presentation is about DSpace-CRIS and DSpace-GLAM, in their new version compatible with DSpace 7, with renewed features built with the updated technology stack of DSpace 7: Angular and REST API, their characteristics and novelties, and how their adoption can empower the role of repositories within academic, research, and cultural heritage institutions. The migration process for both DSpace-CRIS/GLAM and DSpace users that want to enhance their repository with the additional features and capabilities provided by version 7 will be presented. DSpace-CRIS and GLAM are continuously being aligned with DSpace versions and support is provided through the same community channels. Finally, the future roadmap of the project will be discussed, in the same way as in the last ten years when ideas and features blossomed in DSpace-CRIS were later adopted by the standard DSpace distribution. The community is numerous and growing and the exchange of experiences is beneficial for all organizations.
This talk was given at the IIPC General Assembly in Paris in May 2014. It introduces the distributed, parallel extraction framework provided by the Web Data Commons project. The framework is public accessible and tailored for the Amazon Web Service Stack. Besides the presentation includes an excerpt of datasets which were extracted from over 100 TB of crawling data and are as well available at http://webdatacommons.org.
In the Open Data world we are encouraged to try to publish our data as “5-star” Linked Data because of the semantic richness and ease of integration that the RDF model offers. For many people and organisations this is a new world and some learning and experimenting is required in order to gain the necessary skills and experience to fully exploit this way of working with data. This workshop will re-assert the case for RDF and provide a guided tour of some examples of RDF publication that can act as a guide to those making a first venture into the field.
Extending DSpace 7: DSpace-CRIS and DSpace-GLAM for empowered repositories an...4Science
Presentation given at OR2019 in Hamburg, Germany
In recent years there has been an increasing need to position institutional repositories in a broader context that enhances research opportunities and facilitates the discovery of resources. This presentation is about DSpace-CRIS and DSpace-GLAM, in their new version compatible with DSpace 7, with renewed features built with the updated technology stack of DSpace 7: Angular and REST API, their characteristics and novelties, and how their adoption can empower the role of repositories within academic, research, and cultural heritage institutions. The migration process for both DSpace-CRIS/GLAM and DSpace users that want to enhance their repository with the additional features and capabilities provided by version 7 will be presented. DSpace-CRIS and GLAM are continuously being aligned with DSpace versions and support is provided through the same community channels. Finally, the future roadmap of the project will be discussed, in the same way as in the last ten years when ideas and features blossomed in DSpace-CRIS were later adopted by the standard DSpace distribution. The community is numerous and growing and the exchange of experiences is beneficial for all organizations.
CLARIAH Toogdag 2018: A distributed network of digital heritage informationEnno Meijers
Slides of my keynote at the CLARIAH Toogdag 2018 on 9 March at the National Library of the Netherlands. The main topics were the development of the distributed digital heritage network and the alignment to and cooperation with the CLARIAH infrastructure and data. It also points at some of the current limitations of the semantic web technology.
Dataset Descriptions in Open PHACTS and HCLSAlasdair Gray
This presentation gives an overview of the dataset description specification developed in the Open PHACTS project (http://www.openphacts.org/). The creation of the specification was driven by a real need within the project to track the datasets used.
Details of the dataset metadata captured and the vocabularies used to model this metadata are given together with the tools developed to enable the specification's uptake.
Over the course of the last 12 months, the W3C Healthcare and Life Science Interest Group have been developing a community profile for dataset descriptions. This has drawn on the ideas developed in the Open PHACTS specification. A brief overview of the forthcoming community profile is given in the presentation.
This presentation was given to the Network Data Exchange project http://www.ndexbio.org/ on 2 April 2014.
DSpace-CRIS: new features and contribution to the DSpace mainstreamAndrea Bollini
The presentation focus on the latest releases of DSpace-CRIS, compatible with DSpace 5 and 6, with new exciting features. Particularly interesting is the recent integration between DSpace-CRIS and CKAN released as an independent module. The DSpace-CKAN Integration Module has already been released in open source (same license than DSpace) and it can easily adopted also by standard DSpace installations, both JSPUI or XMLUI.
Starting with DSpace-CRIS 5.6.1, along with the security fixes of DSpace JSPUI 5.6, the following features have been introduced: an extendible UI to deliver the bitstreams with dedicated viewers, a simple metadata editing of any DSpace object; the editing of archived items using the submission UI; a deduplication and duplicate-alert tool; improved ORCiD synchronization; improved submission form; improved security model for CRIS entities; creation of CRIS object as part of the submission process, automatic calculation of metrics; advanced import framework; on-demand DOI registration; template services.
DSpace-CKAN Integration Module allows users to directly preview the dataset content deposited in a CKAN instance from DSpace via a “curation task”. DSpace-CRIS and DSpace-CKAN will be supported by 4Science also for the future major versions of the platform and the roadmap to the DSpace 7 compatibility will be also presented.
Conference Opening Science to Meet Future Challenges, Warsaw, March 11, 2014, organized by Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, University of Warsaw.
balloon Fusion: SPARQL Rewriting Based on Unified Co-Reference InformationKai Schlegel
Presentation for 5th International Workshop on
Data Engineering meets the Semantic Web (DESWeb)
In conjunction with ICDE 2014, Chicago IL, USA, March 31, 2014 held by Kai Schlegel
OSFair2017 training | Machine accessibility of Open Access scientific publica...Open Science Fair
Petr Knoth talks about machine accessibility of Open Access scientific publications from publisher systems via ResourceSync
Training title:TDM unlocking a goldmine of information
Training overview:
Text and Data Mining (TDM) is a natural ‘next step’ in open science. It can lead to new and unexpected discoveries and increase the impact of publications and repositories. This workshop showcases examples of successful TDM and infrastructural solutions for researchers. We will also discuss what is needed to make most of infrastructures and how publishers and repositories can open up their content.
DAY 2 - PARALLEL SESSION 4 & 5
Presented by Michele C. Weigle, June 4, 2015
Columbia University Web Archiving Collaboration: New Tools and Models
Work by Yasmin AlNoamany, Michele C. Weigle, and Michael L. Nelson
Mining the Web of Linked Data with RapidMinerHeiko Paulheim
Lots of data from different domains is published as Linked Open Data. While there are quite a few browsers for that data, as well as intelligent tools for particular purposes, a versatile tool for deriving additional knowledge by mining the Web of Linked Data is still missing. In this challenge entry, we introduce the RapidMiner Linked Open Data extension. The extension hooks into the powerful data mining platform RapidMiner, and offers operators for accessing Linked Open Data in RapidMiner, allowing for using it in sophisticated data analysis workflows without the need to know SPARQL or RDF. As an example, we show how statistical data on scientific publications, published as an RDF data cube, can be linked to further datasets and analyzed using additional background knowledge from various LOD datasets.
Jo Lambert Jisc Paul Needham University of Cranfield
The success of COUNTER in supporting adoption of a standard to measure e-resource usage over the past 15 years is apparent. The prevalence of global OA policies and mandates, and the role of institutional repositories within this context prompts demand for more granular metrics. It also raises the profile of data sharing of item level usage and research data metrics. The need for reliable and authoritative measures is key. This burgeoning interest is complemented by a number of initiatives to explore the measurement and tracking of usage of a broad range of objects outside traditional publisher platforms. Drawing on examples such as OpenAIRE, IRUSdata-UK, Crossref’s distributed usage logging and DOI event tracker projects, COAR Next Generation Repositories and IRUS-UK, this session will provide an update on progress in this area, discuss some challenges and current approaches to tackling them
COAR Next Generation Repositories WG - Text mining and Recommender system sto...petrknoth
One of the key aims of the COAR NGR group is to help us to overcome the challenges that still make it difficult to move beyond repositories as document silos. The group wants to see a globally interoperable network of repositories and global services built on top of repositories fulfilling the expectations of users in the 21st century. During this talk, I will address two use cases the COAR NGR working group aims to enable: text and data mining and recommender systems.
Presentation of the CORE APIv3 which provides seamless programmable access to the metadata and content from across the global repositories network delivered at Open Repositories 2022.
CLARIAH Toogdag 2018: A distributed network of digital heritage informationEnno Meijers
Slides of my keynote at the CLARIAH Toogdag 2018 on 9 March at the National Library of the Netherlands. The main topics were the development of the distributed digital heritage network and the alignment to and cooperation with the CLARIAH infrastructure and data. It also points at some of the current limitations of the semantic web technology.
Dataset Descriptions in Open PHACTS and HCLSAlasdair Gray
This presentation gives an overview of the dataset description specification developed in the Open PHACTS project (http://www.openphacts.org/). The creation of the specification was driven by a real need within the project to track the datasets used.
Details of the dataset metadata captured and the vocabularies used to model this metadata are given together with the tools developed to enable the specification's uptake.
Over the course of the last 12 months, the W3C Healthcare and Life Science Interest Group have been developing a community profile for dataset descriptions. This has drawn on the ideas developed in the Open PHACTS specification. A brief overview of the forthcoming community profile is given in the presentation.
This presentation was given to the Network Data Exchange project http://www.ndexbio.org/ on 2 April 2014.
DSpace-CRIS: new features and contribution to the DSpace mainstreamAndrea Bollini
The presentation focus on the latest releases of DSpace-CRIS, compatible with DSpace 5 and 6, with new exciting features. Particularly interesting is the recent integration between DSpace-CRIS and CKAN released as an independent module. The DSpace-CKAN Integration Module has already been released in open source (same license than DSpace) and it can easily adopted also by standard DSpace installations, both JSPUI or XMLUI.
Starting with DSpace-CRIS 5.6.1, along with the security fixes of DSpace JSPUI 5.6, the following features have been introduced: an extendible UI to deliver the bitstreams with dedicated viewers, a simple metadata editing of any DSpace object; the editing of archived items using the submission UI; a deduplication and duplicate-alert tool; improved ORCiD synchronization; improved submission form; improved security model for CRIS entities; creation of CRIS object as part of the submission process, automatic calculation of metrics; advanced import framework; on-demand DOI registration; template services.
DSpace-CKAN Integration Module allows users to directly preview the dataset content deposited in a CKAN instance from DSpace via a “curation task”. DSpace-CRIS and DSpace-CKAN will be supported by 4Science also for the future major versions of the platform and the roadmap to the DSpace 7 compatibility will be also presented.
Conference Opening Science to Meet Future Challenges, Warsaw, March 11, 2014, organized by Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, University of Warsaw.
balloon Fusion: SPARQL Rewriting Based on Unified Co-Reference InformationKai Schlegel
Presentation for 5th International Workshop on
Data Engineering meets the Semantic Web (DESWeb)
In conjunction with ICDE 2014, Chicago IL, USA, March 31, 2014 held by Kai Schlegel
OSFair2017 training | Machine accessibility of Open Access scientific publica...Open Science Fair
Petr Knoth talks about machine accessibility of Open Access scientific publications from publisher systems via ResourceSync
Training title:TDM unlocking a goldmine of information
Training overview:
Text and Data Mining (TDM) is a natural ‘next step’ in open science. It can lead to new and unexpected discoveries and increase the impact of publications and repositories. This workshop showcases examples of successful TDM and infrastructural solutions for researchers. We will also discuss what is needed to make most of infrastructures and how publishers and repositories can open up their content.
DAY 2 - PARALLEL SESSION 4 & 5
Presented by Michele C. Weigle, June 4, 2015
Columbia University Web Archiving Collaboration: New Tools and Models
Work by Yasmin AlNoamany, Michele C. Weigle, and Michael L. Nelson
Mining the Web of Linked Data with RapidMinerHeiko Paulheim
Lots of data from different domains is published as Linked Open Data. While there are quite a few browsers for that data, as well as intelligent tools for particular purposes, a versatile tool for deriving additional knowledge by mining the Web of Linked Data is still missing. In this challenge entry, we introduce the RapidMiner Linked Open Data extension. The extension hooks into the powerful data mining platform RapidMiner, and offers operators for accessing Linked Open Data in RapidMiner, allowing for using it in sophisticated data analysis workflows without the need to know SPARQL or RDF. As an example, we show how statistical data on scientific publications, published as an RDF data cube, can be linked to further datasets and analyzed using additional background knowledge from various LOD datasets.
Jo Lambert Jisc Paul Needham University of Cranfield
The success of COUNTER in supporting adoption of a standard to measure e-resource usage over the past 15 years is apparent. The prevalence of global OA policies and mandates, and the role of institutional repositories within this context prompts demand for more granular metrics. It also raises the profile of data sharing of item level usage and research data metrics. The need for reliable and authoritative measures is key. This burgeoning interest is complemented by a number of initiatives to explore the measurement and tracking of usage of a broad range of objects outside traditional publisher platforms. Drawing on examples such as OpenAIRE, IRUSdata-UK, Crossref’s distributed usage logging and DOI event tracker projects, COAR Next Generation Repositories and IRUS-UK, this session will provide an update on progress in this area, discuss some challenges and current approaches to tackling them
COAR Next Generation Repositories WG - Text mining and Recommender system sto...petrknoth
One of the key aims of the COAR NGR group is to help us to overcome the challenges that still make it difficult to move beyond repositories as document silos. The group wants to see a globally interoperable network of repositories and global services built on top of repositories fulfilling the expectations of users in the 21st century. During this talk, I will address two use cases the COAR NGR working group aims to enable: text and data mining and recommender systems.
Presentation of the CORE APIv3 which provides seamless programmable access to the metadata and content from across the global repositories network delivered at Open Repositories 2022.
OpenAIRE Guidelines for data providers: new Metadata Application Profile for ...OpenAIRE
Presentation at the "OpenAIRE webinar series for repository managers 2017/2018" - Nov. 14, 2017 (11h00 CET) | "OpenAIRE Guidelines for data providers: new Metadata Application Profile for Literature Repositories", presented by Jochen Schirrwagen, Univ. Bielefeld.
OpenAIRE Content Providers Community Call, July 1st, 2020
This call was focused on Data Repositories namely the OpenAIRE Research Graph and Data Repositories, the OpenAIRE Content Acquisition Policy, and the Guidelines for Data Archive Managers.
Was also an opportunity to share the most recent updates and novelties in the OpenAIRE Content Provider Dashboard, and to get feedback from community.
Follow the Community activities at https://www.openaire.eu/provide-community-calls
The field of Text and Data Mining (TDM) is growing in importance with an increasing number of researchers interested in mining scholarly content. CrossRef Text and Data Mining Services launched in May 2014 and focuses on providing one common way to retrieve the full text of articles for the purposes of TDM for interested parties. This session will provide an introduction to and update on this service, and a short demonstration of it in action.
The Other Side of the Journal ToCs InterfacePhil Barker
Presentation given to Journal ToCs workshop on 20 Nov 2009, examining where the Journal ToCs API fits into the repository ecology: what is its role and how might it interact with institutional repository systems.
OpenAIRE guidelines and broker service for repository managers - OpenAIRE #OA...OpenAIRE
Presentation by Pedro Principe and Paolo Manghi at the OpenAIRE Open Access week webinar. Friday October 28, 2016. Webinar on Openaire compatibility guidelines and the dashboard for Repository Managers, with Pedro Principe (University of Minho) and Paolo Manghi (CNR/ISTI).
Mind the gap! Reflections on the state of repository data harvestingSimeon Warner
A 24x7 presentation at Open Repositories 2017 in Brisbane, Australia.
I start with an opinionated history of the evolution of repository data harvesting since the late 1990's to the present. A conclusion is that we are currently in danger of creating a repository environment with fewer cross-repository services than before, with the potential to reinforce the silos we hope to open. I suggest that the community needs to agree upon a new solution, and further suggest that solution should be ResourceSync.
Similar to Seamless access to the world’s open access research papers via ResourceSync (20)
Qui Bono? Cumulative advantage in open access publishingpetrknoth
We identify whether barriers related to accessing research literature, such as being located at an institution with limited access to non-OA literature, affect the citation behaviour of scholars. Question 1: Do scholars located in less developed or at less prestigious institutions rely (consume) more OA because their access to subscription literature is limited?
Question 2: Do those who benefit from OA also produce more OA or are production and consumption independent?
OAI Identifiers: Decentralised PIDs for Research Outputs in Repositoriespetrknoth
An OAI (Open Archives Initiative) identifier is a unique identifier of a metadata record. OAI identifiers are used in the context of repositories using the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH), however, the process by which they are assigned can be, in principle, used more broadly elsewhere.
In comparison to DOIs, OAI identifiers are registered in a distributed rather than centralised manner and there is therefore no cost for minting them. OAI identifiers are persistent identifiers in repositories that declare their level of support for deleted documents in the deletedRecord element of the Identify response as persistent. CORE recommends repositories to provide this persistent level of support.
OAI Identifiers are viable PIDs for repositories that can be, as opposed to DOIs, minted in a distributed fashion and cost-free, and which can be resolvable directly to the repository rather than to the publisher.
This approach has the potential to increase the importance of repositories in the process of disseminating knowledge. CORE provides a global OAI Resolver built on top of the CORE research outputs aggregation system.
Tracking compliance of the REF2021 policy with the CORE Repository Dashboardpetrknoth
CORE and REF2021 audit. Where is CORE mentioned in the REF 2021 OA Policy. How CORE collects data. CORE Repository Dashboard demonstration.
Getting access to the Dashboard
Better together: building services for public good on top of content from the...petrknoth
CORE hosts the world’s largest collection of open access full texts, offering seamless, unrestricted access to research for citizens, researchers, libraries, software developers, funders and others. CORE’s aggregated content comes from thousands of institutional and subject repositories as well as journals and covers all research disciplines. In January 2019, CORE has hit the mark of 10 million monthly active users (10.41 million users). In September 2019, core.ac.uk has made it to the top 5k websites globally by user engagement as measured by the independent Alexa Rank, making it clearly one of the world’s most widely used Open Access services.
In this talk, Petr and Nancy will explain the role of CORE in the open science ecosystem. They will introduce the solutions CORE offers for improving the delivery of research literature, including tools for discovering freely available copies of papers that might be behind publishers’ paywalls as well as a recommender system for open access literature. The use of CORE data to monitor compliance with open access policies has also recently received attention. The presenters will then reflect on the challenges in the sector and share their experience of building value-added services for the society on top of open content offered by libraries and their affiliated institutional repositories and open access journals.
Despite being controversial, research metrics are becoming a key component of research evaluation processes globally. Nevertheless, accessing research metrics to support these processes in a timely manner is not a straightforward task, as it requires either having access to expensive commercial solutions such as Elsevier SciVal or Clarivate Analytics' InCites, or having substantial knowledge of existing APIs and data sources as well as the ability and skills needed to analyse large amounts of raw scholarly data in-house. This is especially the case on a department or institutional level where large amounts of data have to be aggregated prior to analysis. To alleviate this problem we have designed and prototyped CORE Analytics Dashboard – a tool for analytical evaluation of research outputs of universities. The aim of the CORE Analytics Dashboard is to help universities analyse their performance using a variety of metrics captured from openly available data sources, including citation counts and social media metrics, and to help them compare their performance with other institutions. This paper presents the motivation behind developing this dashboard and its main features.
Analysing the performance of open access papers discovery toolspetrknoth
Open Access discovery tools aim to locate freely available copies of research papers which might be behind the paywall on a publisher’s website. Our study provides a large scale quantitative performance comparison of several OA discovery tools on a randomly selected sample of 100k DOIs from CrossRef. We use the acquired knowledge from this analysis to build a new discovery tool - CORE Discovery.
Assessing Compliance with the UK REF 2021 Open Access Policypetrknoth
The recent increase in Open Access (OA) policies has brought forth important questions concerning the effect these policies have on the practice of publishing Open Access. In particular, is there evidence to support that mandating OA increases the proportion of OA outputs (in other words, do authors comply with relevant policies)? Furthermore, does mandating OA reduce the time from acceptance to the public availability of research outputs, and can compliance with OA mandates be effectively tracked? This work studies compliance with the UK REF 2021 Open Access policy. We use data from CrossRef and from CORE to create a dataset containing 1.6 million publications. We show that after the introduction of the UK OA policy, the proportion of OA research outputs in the UK has increased significantly, and the time lag between the acceptance of a publication and its Open Access availability has decreased, although there are significant differences in compliance between different repositories. We have developed a tool that can be used to assess publications' compliance with the policy based on a list of DOIs.
Integrating research indicators for use in the repositories infrastructure petrknoth
The current repository infrastructure, which consists of thousands of repositories, does not make effective use of research indicators largely exploited by commercial players in the area. Research indicators, including citation counts and Mendeley reader counts, enable the development and improvement of functionality researchers use on a daily basis. For example, they make it possible to increase the performance in information retrieval and recommendation tasks and serve as an enabler for the development of research analytics & metrics functionality, such as the analysis of research trends or collaboration networks. We believe that there is a strong case for making a better use of these indicators within the repositories infrastructure to improve the functionality of services users rely on.
Towards effective research recommender systems for repositoriespetrknoth
In this paper, we argue why and how the integration of recommender systems for research can enhance the functionality and user experience in repositories. We present the latest technical innovations in the CORE Recommender, which provides research article recommendations across the global network of repositories and journals. The CORE Recommender has been recently redeveloped and released into production in the CORE system and has also been deployed in several third-party repositories. We explain the design choices of this unique system and the evaluation processes we have in place to continue raising the quality of the provided recommendations. By drawing on our experience, we discuss the main challenges in offering a state-of-the-art recommender solution for repositories. We highlight two of the key limitations of the current repository infrastructure with respect to developing research recommender systems: 1) the lack of a standardised protocol and capabilities for exposing anonymised user-interaction logs, which represent critically important input data for recommender systems based on collaborative filtering and 2) the lack of a voluntary global sign-on capability in repositories, which would enable the creation of personalised recommendation and notification solutions based on past user interactions.
Semantometrics: Towards Fulltext-based Research Evaluationpetrknoth
Over the recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing new scientometric measures that could go beyond the traditional citation-based bibliometric measures. This interest is motivated on one side by the wider availability or even emergence of new information evidencing research performance, such as article downloads, views and twitter mentions, and on the other side by the continued frustrations and problems surrounding the application of citation-based metrics to evaluate research performance in practice.
Semantometrics are a new class of research evaluation metrics which build on the premise that full text is needed to assess the value of a publication. This talk will present the results of an investigation into the properties of the semantometric contribution measure (Knoth & Herrmannova, 2014). We will provide a comparative evaluation of the contribution measure with traditional bibliometric measures based on citation counting.
My repository is being aggregated: a blessing or a curse?petrknoth
Usage statistics are frequently used by repositories to justify their value to the management who
decide about the funding to support the repository infrastructure. Another reason for collecting usage statistics at
repositories is the increased use of webometrics in the process of assessing the impact of publications and
researchers. Consequently, one of the worries repositories sometimes have about their content being aggregated
is that they feel aggregations have a detrimental effect on the accuracy of statistics they collect. They believe
that this potential decrease in reported usage can negatively influence the funding provided by their own
institutions. This raises the fundamental question of whether repositories should allow aggregators to harvest
their metadata and content. In this paper, we discuss the benefits of allowing content aggregations harvest
repository content and investigate how to overcome the drawbacks.
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
Discover the power of a simple 7-second brain wave ritual that can attract wealth and abundance into your life. By tapping into specific brain frequencies, this technique helps you manifest financial success effortlessly. Ready to transform your financial future? Try this powerful ritual and start attracting money today!
# Internet Security: Safeguarding Your Digital World
In the contemporary digital age, the internet is a cornerstone of our daily lives. It connects us to vast amounts of information, provides platforms for communication, enables commerce, and offers endless entertainment. However, with these conveniences come significant security challenges. Internet security is essential to protect our digital identities, sensitive data, and overall online experience. This comprehensive guide explores the multifaceted world of internet security, providing insights into its importance, common threats, and effective strategies to safeguard your digital world.
## Understanding Internet Security
Internet security encompasses the measures and protocols used to protect information, devices, and networks from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage. It involves a wide range of practices designed to safeguard data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Effective internet security is crucial for individuals, businesses, and governments alike, as cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity and scale.
### Key Components of Internet Security
1. **Confidentiality**: Ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to access it.
2. **Integrity**: Protecting information from being altered or tampered with by unauthorized parties.
3. **Availability**: Ensuring that authorized users have reliable access to information and resources when needed.
## Common Internet Security Threats
Cyber threats are numerous and constantly evolving. Understanding these threats is the first step in protecting against them. Some of the most common internet security threats include:
### Malware
Malware, or malicious software, is designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a device, network, or service. Common types of malware include:
- **Viruses**: Programs that attach themselves to legitimate software and replicate, spreading to other programs and files.
- **Worms**: Standalone malware that replicates itself to spread to other computers.
- **Trojan Horses**: Malicious software disguised as legitimate software.
- **Ransomware**: Malware that encrypts a user's files and demands a ransom for the decryption key.
- **Spyware**: Software that secretly monitors and collects user information.
### Phishing
Phishing is a social engineering attack that aims to steal sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details. Attackers often masquerade as trusted entities in email or other communication channels, tricking victims into providing their information.
### Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
MitM attacks occur when an attacker intercepts and potentially alters communication between two parties without their knowledge. This can lead to the unauthorized acquisition of sensitive information.
### Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024APNIC
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Bridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptxBrad Spiegel Macon GA
Brad Spiegel Macon GA’s journey exemplifies the profound impact that one individual can have on their community. Through his unwavering dedication to digital inclusion, he’s not only bridging the gap in Macon but also setting an example for others to follow.
Seamless access to the world’s open access research papers via ResourceSync
1. Seamless access to the world’s open
access research papers via
ResourceSync
Petr Knoth
2. Use Case 1: ResourceSync as a seamless layer over
heterogenous APIs
3. Use Case 1: What is CORE?
OA Repositories OA Journals
Mostly OAI-PMH
CORE aggregates and
provides free access to
millions of research
articles aggregated
from thousands of OA
repositories and
journals.
4. Use Case 1: What is CORE?
OA Repositories OA Journals
Mostly OAI-PMH
CORE aggregates and
provides free access to
millions of research
articles aggregated
from thousands of OA
repositories and
journals.
»Enrichment and
harmonisation of
aggregated data
»Products/services:
›Portal
›API
›Data dumps
›Recommendation
system for libraries
›Repository dashboard
›B2B and analytical
services
5. Use Case 1: What is CORE?
OA Repositories OA Journals
Mostly OAI-PMH
CORE aggregates and
provides free access to
millions of research
articles aggregated
from thousands of OA
repositories and
journals.
»70 million+
metadata records
»Over 6 million full
texts hosted on
CORE
»~1.5 million
monthly active
users
»Aggregating from
2,500 repositories
and 10k OA
journals
6. Use Case 1: Key issue
Key players do not provide interoperability for machine
access to metadata and content of research papers.
35%
23%
18%
12%
12%
Accessing full-text by
harvesting
the website
Major search
engines
Recongnised
services upon
approval
75%
12%
13%
Restricting access to
full-text
Don't restrict
access in any way
Specify a crawl
delay
Allow access to
specific robots
39%
11%
39%
11%
Reference of an article’s
full-text on metadata
Direct link to full-
text
Interface
supporting full-text
transfer
50%
42%
8%
Accessing content
standards
OAI
Own API
Z39.50
36%
24%
4%
32%
4%
Files format
PDF
HTML
Plain text
HTML
JSON
54%31%
15%
Automated downloads
of OA full-text
Website
API
FTP
7. Use Case 1: Approach
OA Repositories OA Journals
Key publishers
(OA + hybrid OA)
Publisher connector
Mostly OAI-PMH
A range of bespoke APIs
+ many others
Provide seamless access over non-standardised APIs.
What protocol?
8. Use Case 1: Approach
OA Repositories OA Journals
Key publishers
(OA + hybrid OA)
Publisher connector
Mostly OAI-PMH
A range of bespoke APIs
+ many others
Provide seamless access over non-standardised APIs.
What protocol? »Why not OAI-PMH?
›slow and very inefficient
for big repositories.
›Standardised for
metadata transfer but
not for content transfer.
› Very difficult to
represent the richness of
metadata from a broad
range of data providers.
9. Use Case 1: ResourceSync as a seamless access layer
»Very scalable
implementation on
both the server and
client side
»Interpretation of
metadata happens
using existing pipeline
at the aggregator.
»1.5 million OA
publications from
Elsevier, Springer and
others already
exposed.
»Available at: https://publisher-connector.core.ac.uk/resourcesync
OA Repositories OA Journals
Key publishers
(OA + hybrid OA)
Publisher connector
Mostly OAI-PMH
A range of bespoke APIs
+ many others
ResourceSync
10. Use Case 2: Exposing enriched data for Text and Data
Mining (TDM) via ResourceSync
11. Use Case 2: Subscribing to ResourceSync
OA Repositories OA Journals
Key publishers
(OA + hybrid OA)
Publisher connector
Mostly OAI-PMH
A range of bespoke APIs
ResourceSync
+ many others
»Other aggregators can
subscribe to the Publisher
connector to make use of their
ingestion pipelines and
enrichment technologies
12. Use Case 2: Content ingestion in OpenMinTeD
OA Repositories OA Journals
Key publishers
(OA + hybrid OA)
Publisher connector
ResourceSync
Mostly OAI-PMH
OMTD-SHARE
(over REST)
A range of bespoke APIs
+ many others
»CORE and OpenAIRE are content sources in the OpenMinTeD
TDM platform (EU infrastructure project) being developed to
enable the mining of scholarly literature.
13. Use Case 2: Exposing enriched data for TDM
OA Repositories OA Journals
Key publishers
(OA + hybrid OA)
Publisher connector
ResourceSync
Mostly OAI-PMH
A range of bespoke APIs
+ many others
ResourceSync
»But others want similar solutions … typically, they want to be
able to sync and host the data.
14. Use Case 3: Make repositories and journals adopt
ResourceSync
15. Use Case 3: Replace OAI-PMH with ResourceSync
OA Repositories OA Journals
Key publishers
(OA + hybrid OA)
Publisher connector
ResourceSync
Mostly OAI-PMH
OMTD-SHARE
(over REST)
A range of bespoke APIs
+ many others
ResourceSync
ResourceSync
»Will be a game changer …
»Advocated by COAR Next
Generation Repositories WG
17. What’s new about our implementation of ResourceSync?
»Scales to many millions of resources as required by
aggregators (as opposed to existing implementations for
repositories that are scalable for tens of thousands of
resources)
»Real-time updating of ResourceLists and ChangeLists
(avoiding unnecessary batch processes).
»Combination of real-time updates and scalability
18. Architectural choices
»Based on the principle of changes being communicated
to a controller as they happen (rather than having to be
detected prior to ResourceList/ChangeList updates)
»Uses Elasticsearch as a database
»Hashing mechanism to distribute size of each
ResourceList link and a clever mechanism for iterative
updating of ResourceLists
19. Conclusions
»ResourceSync:
›broad range of uses in scholarly communication.
›solves problems with aggregating content over OAI-PMH, faster &
more efficient aggregation => fresher data in aggregators compared
to OAI-PMH
»We used ResourceSync to ”liberate” over 1.5 million OA papers (and
growing) from key publishers
»CORE soon to provide access to over 8 million OA full texts via
ResourceSync.
»CORE actively contributes to the adoption of ResourceSync in the
repositories community (as part of OpenMinTeD and COAR NGR)
