This document summarizes information about 7 species of sea turtles: Flatback, Green, Hawksbill, Kemp's Ridley, Leatherback, Loggerhead, and Olive Ridley. It provides details on their appearance, size, diet, threats, and conservation status. For example, it states that the Leatherback is the largest sea turtle, reaching up to 1.9 meters and 506 kilograms, and it is critically endangered. The document also outlines conservation efforts like establishing protected habitats and enforcing laws to protect sea turtles and their nesting beaches.

1. Marine Turtle
CHIA YUH FEI 0324019
PENNY LEUNG 0328245
ONG CHIA HONG 0318458
TAN SHEN SIN 0324602

2. 7 Species of Sea Turtles
Flatback
- Natator depressus
- Vulnerable
Green
- Chelonia mydas
- Endangered
Hawksbill
- Eretmochelys imbricata
- Critically Endangered
Kemp's Ridley
- Lepidochelys kempii
- Critically Endangered
Leatherback
- Dermochelys coriacea
- Critically Endangered
Loggerhead
- Caretta caretta
- Endangered
Olive Ridley
- Lepidochelys olivacea
- Vulnerable

3. Introduction
• Brown & tan
• Olive green
• Black
• Yellow
• Greenish-brown
• Reddish-brown
Colour
Sexual
Dimorphism
MALE
- Longer & thicker tails
- claws on the fore flippers are
elongated and curved
Male and female sea turtles do not
differ externally until they approach
maturity
Diet
Size
- Leatherback (largest)
• 1.2-1.9 m , 200-506 kg
- Kemp's & Olive Ridley (smallest)
• 55 -75 cm, 30-50 kg
- Green sea turtles
• 78-112 cm, 68-186 kg
- Loggerheads
• 82-105 cm, 66-101 kg
- Hawksbills
• 53-114 cm, 27 -86 kg
- Flatbacks
• 81 -97 cm, 60 -84 kg
SeaGrass Crab Prawn Sea Cucumber
Jellyfish
Turnicates

4. Scientific Classifications

5. Distribution and habitat
LEATHERBACK SEA TURTLE
DISTRIBUTION HABITAT
The most widely distributed of all sea
turtles; found in the Gulf of Alaska and
south of the Bering Sea in the
northeastern Pacific to Chile in the
southeastern Pacific. In the Barents Sea,
Newfoundland and Labrador in the North
Atlantic; around Argentina and South
Africa in the South Atlantic. Throughout
the Indian Ocean; and to Tasmania and
New Zealand in the southwestern Pacific.
This species is found farther north than
any other reptile, marine or terrestrial.
Highly
oceanic,
approach
coastal waters
only during
breeding
season
LEATHERBACK SEA TURTLES

7. Threats
● Habitat loss and degradation
● Collection of eggs and meat for
consumption
● Incidental capture (bycatch)
● Climate change
● Pollution
The main threats which affect Leatherback sea turtles are:

8. ● Habitat loss and degradation
● Collection of eggs and meat for
consumption
● Incidental capture (bycatch)
● Climate change
● Pollution / Wildlife trade
The main threats which affect Green sea turtles are:

9. Previous vs Current Condition
Leatherback Sea Turtle
Population status : Decreasing
Conservation status : Critically Endangered
The populations in the Pacific & Indian Oceans have
undergone dramatic declines in the past 40 years.
- 1982 : 115,000 adult females
- 1996 : 30,000 ~ 40,000 adult females
Nesting colony at Terengganu, Malaysia
- 1968 : 3,000
- 1993 : 20
Numbers of females recorded at 4 formerly major
Pacific rookeries :
- Mexico : 250
- Costa Rica : 117
- Malaysia : 2
- Indonesia : 550

10. Leatherbacks have been recorded as far
north as Alaska, and as far south as
Africa's Cape of Good Hope.
The Pacific may now have as few as
2,300 adult females.
Africa’s Cape of Good Hope

11. Previous vs Current Condition
Green Sea Turtle
Population status : Decreasing
Conservation status : Endangered
- 1984 : 65% were lost due to predator attack at birth,
fish nets getting wrapped around their neck & dying of
a natural disease.
- The chances of the species long term survival in ⅕
each year.

12. Economic and Ecological Importance

13. Maintaining Habitat
When sea turtles graze, they increase the productivity and nutrient content of seagrass blades.
Without constant grazing, seagrass beds become overgrown, obstruct current, shade the bottom and
begin to decompose, provide suitable habitat for the growth of slime molds, algae, fungi and etc.
Green Sea Turtle

14. NUTRIENT CYCLING (IMPROVE NESTING BEACHES)
When females lay eggs on sandy shorelines, they introduce nutrients and energy from distant and
dispersed foraging grounds into relatively small and nutrients-poor beaches
Eggs hatch, most of the
nutrients return to the sea as
hatchlings
Eggs fail to hatch, allowing
nutrients to enter the detrital
food chain
Eggs consumed by predators

15. Conservation Effort
NATIONAL LAW
- Sea turtles are given legal protection and its under the
Endagered Specaies Act (ESA)
- Under protection of “Convention on International Trade
in Endangered Species (CITES)
- Banned illegal import, sell or transport turtle
- In Malaysia, sea turtle is protected under Wildlife
Protection Ordinance 1998 that to prohibits
commercial exploitation of turtles and their egg

16. - Establish marine protected areas, ensuring sea turtles
have a safe place to nest, feed and migrate freely
- Eliminating disturbances at nesting beaches by
decreasing artificial lighting, limiting the impact of people
on beach, which is known to deter females from nesting
- The turtle nest will be protected and monitor, and baby
turtle will be taking care until it reach the adulthood
- There are few protected habits such as Barrier Island &
Maritime Hammock
PROTECTING MARINE TURTLE HABITAT

17. OTHER CONSERVATION GOALS
- Enforcing of Turtle Excluder Device (TED) to decrease the
turtle death cause by commercial fishing
- Enforce national and international laws to minimize the
dumping of pollutants and solid waste into the ocean
- Crackdown on illegal international trade in sea turtles

18. Thank you