The document discusses the changing needs of modern learners and different approaches to teaching and learning spaces in universities. It notes that today's students expect immediate access to information and are comfortable with visual and digital media. It then outlines three modes of knowledge production and pedagogy: teacher-centered (Mode 1), student-centered (Mode 2), and informal collaborative learning spaces (Mode 3). Finally, it provides several examples of universities that have implemented flexible and technology-enabled active learning spaces to support different pedagogical approaches and meet modern student needs.