Scotland is a country located in Northern Great Britain. It has a diverse landscape that includes mountains, rivers, lakes and over 790 islands off its coast. Notable geographic features include Ben Nevis, the highest point in the British Isles, and Loch Ness, famous for the alleged Loch Ness Monster. Scotland has a long history stretching back over 10,000 years, and was once divided into various kingdoms before uniting as a single nation. Significant historical figures that shaped Scotland include William Wallace during the Wars of Independence against England in the 13th century. Today, Scotland maintains aspects of its cultural heritage while being part of the United Kingdom.

1. SCOTLAND

2. The national flower of Scotland is thistle

3. The Isle of Skye, mountain top called The
Old Man of Storr

4. GEOGRAPHY
Scotland is a country that
is part of the United
Kingdom, occupying the
northern third of the island
of Great Britain, it shares a
border with England to
the south and is bounded
by the North Sea to the
east, the Atlantic Ocean to
the north and west, and
the North Channel and
the Irish Sea to the
southwest. In addition to
the mainland, Scotland
includes over 790 islands.

5. 8km walk to the mountain top

6. View from the top of the Storr mountain,
overlooking at Skye, and the Isle of Raasay

7. MOUNTAINS
From a geological perspective
the country has three main
sub-divisions: Highlands and
islands, Central Lowlands and
Southern Uplands.
1) The Northwest Highlands,
2) The Cuillin, on the Isle of
Skye
3) The Grampians, the main
belt of mountains across the
centre of Scotland.
4) The Cairngorms form the
eastern part of the Grampians.
5) The Torridon Hills of
Western Ross

8. The highest point on the British Isles – Ben Nevis 1344m

11. Rivers:
1. The River
Tay (193km),
2. The River
Spey (172km),
3.The River
Clyde (171km)

13. LAKES
1) Loch Lomond
(71 km2)
2)Loch Ness
(56km2)
3)Loch Awe
(39km2)
The deepest:
1)Loch Morar (310m);
2)Loch Ness (230m)

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15. Loch Ness Monster
• Loch Ness is the alleged home of the Loch
Ness Monster (also known as "Nessie"),
a cryptid, reputedly a large unknown animal.
It is similar to other supposed lake monsters in
Scotland and elsewhere, though its
description varies from one account to the
next. Popular interest and belief in the
animal's existence has varied since it was first
brought to the world's attention in 1933

16. BIGGEST TOWNS
1) Glasgow – an important industrial
town finding its charm as a town of
galleries and museums (581 320)
2) Edinburgh – Scotland’s capital with
its famed international festivals
attract the world's leading
performers, galleries display
cutting-edge art, and bars,
restaurants and clubs create a
lively, cosmopolitan atmosphere
(454 280 )
3) Aberdeen – the Europe’s capital of
oil, “the Granite City” (183 000)
4) Dundee - is a lively commercial,
cultural, and artistic centre (142
000)
* Inverness - Known as the Capital of
the Highlands ( 44 000)
* Stirling - Scotland's heritage capital,
the stage for some of the most
significant events in the nation's
history. (33 710)
Stirling, William Wallace statue
Aberdeen

17. Portree, the capital of the Isle of Skye

18. The Royal Mile, Edinburgh

19. The Scotsman Hotel,
Princes Street, Edinburgh

20. International Film Festival in
Edinburgh, an outdoor cinema

21. Malleig

22. HISTORY
• Scotland was one of the last places in Europe
where people settled. 50000 years ago it was
mostly still covered with ice.
• Around 9000BC some hunters decided to stay. They
lived as nomads.
• Around 4000BC hunters stopped living as nomads,
but it was a slow change
• 2000BC a revolutionary new technology reached
Scotland. People learned how to work with a metal
mixture called bronze.
• 1200 BC – 200AC Celtic Scotland (a name given to
different cultures by ancient Greeks and Romans
who fought against Celtic people)

23. Celtic roundhouse in Scotland

24. CORACLE
CORACLE

25. BROCH
Celtic people
became powerful by
using their new
technology – ironworking. Knowledge
of how to smelt and
forge iron spread
from the area now
known as Austria to
Scotland between
700 – 400 BC
Fight for farmland
and wars made
Celtic people build
stronger houses –
brochs.

26. ROMAN
SCOTLAND
80 AD the Romans decided to
conquer Scotland. The
Roman troops marched
northwards, building roads
so that they could travel
quickly and camps and forts
from which they could
control the countryside.
Celtic chiefs and warriors
fought back but they were no
match for the Roman army. In
just 2 years the Romans
conquered most of Scotland
south of the River Tray.

27. SCOTLAND
DIVIDED
The Romans left the British Isles in
410AD. For the next 400 years and
more Scotland was divided into many
separate kingdoms. People living
there spoke different languages,
obeyed different laws, followed
different leaders and were often at
war.
In 794 AD and onwards the Vikings
started to make surprise raids on
churches, monasteries and farming
villages. They were looking for
excitement, adventure, new lands to
settle and rich treasures to carry away.
All the Scottish kingdoms now faced
crises. Some collapsed completely,
others joined together to fight back.

28. Eilean Donan Castle built in 1220 to fight against the
Vikings

29. BIRTH of a NATION
For thousands of years Scotland was
not a united nation. In 842 Kenneth
MacAlpin, a warlord from Western
Scotland took control of the Pictish
kingdom as well as his own lands.
For the first time, a large part of east
and west Scotland was united under
one rule. By 900 this combined
kingdom had a new name – ALBA.
For over 500 years, from around 900
– 1469, Scottish kings did not rule all
Scotland. The far north, the Orkney
and Shetland isles and the Hebredes
were ruled by the Vikings and by
kings of Norway.

30. Edinburgh Castle

31. WARS of INDEPENDENCE
Edward I of England was furious about the Scottish
alliance with France. In 1296, he sent an army to attack
the Scots and soon defeated them at the battle of
Dunbar. English knights captured Scottish king and sent
him to London as a prisoner. Once again, Scotland had no
king.
There were many Scots who refused to accept English
rule. They all joined together to fight Edward and were
led by Andrew Murray and William Wallace. In 1297 ,
they defeated the English army at Stirling Bridge.

32. Stirling Bridge

33. Glenfinnan Monument

34. The Heart of Midlothian “Spitting Stone”, Edinburgh

35. Rob Roy –a farmer who faught against English rulers

36. GREAT SCOTS
James Watt – designed improved
steam engines
William Symington – built the first
working steamboat (1801)
Adam Smith – the father of modern
economy and capitalism
Charles Maclntosh – invented a
process to make waterproof cloth
(1823)
James Neilson – invented the hotblast method of iron-making (1828)
Kirkpatrick Macmillan – made the
first bicycle (1828)

38. Lighthouse on the Isle of Skye

39. SCOTLAND TODAY
Today, Scotland is a mixture
of old and new. Scottish
people still feel proud of
their country’s heritage and
identity. They admire its
magnificent scenery, wear
kilts and eat traditional
foods such as haggis. Some
still speak Scots, the old
language of the Lowlands
and in the Highlands and
Islands children can go to
Gaelic-speaking schools.

40. THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION!