This document summarizes key points from the OECD's 2015 Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard. It finds that Japan, along with other countries, faces productivity challenges and slowing population growth, making innovation imperative. However, Japanese living standards are below the OECD average. The document discusses the need to invest in broader knowledge beyond R&D, develop frontier technologies, and support long-term government research. International collaboration and mobility are important for strengthening research capabilities. While a few countries and companies dominate in research and innovation, greater efforts are needed to engage firms in global innovation networks.

1. STI SCOREBOARD 2015
INNOVATION FOR GROWTH
AND SOCIETY
JAPAN HIGHLIGHTS
Andrew Wyckoff, Director
OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation
26 October 2015
National Graduate Institute for Policy
Studies (GRIPS)
Tokyo, Japan

2. The productivity challenge
and the falling working-age
population make innovation
today’s imperative

3. THE PRODUCTIVITY CHALLENGE
Labour productivity growth based on hours worked,
total economy level, 2001-14
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933272766Source: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2015.

4. LIVING STANDARDS IN JAPAN ARE WELL
BELOW THE TOP HALF OF THE OECD
Source: OECD Economic Survey Japan, April 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933201725

5. INNOVATION RELIES ON INVESTMENT IN
BROADER KNOWLEDGE, BEYOND R&D
Knowledge intensity of business investment, selected EU economies and the
United States, 1995-2013
Source: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933273008

6. Frontier technologies and
data-driven applications are
needed to provide solutions
to global challenges

7. 3 TOP PLAYERS IN SELECTED FRONTIER
TECHNOLOGIES, 2005-07 AND 2010-12
Economies’ share of IP5 patent families filed at USPTO and EPO,
selected technologies
Source: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2015
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
%
Advanced materials New generation of ICT-related technologies Health-related technologies 2005-07
4336 41 40
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933273474

8. The research mix: R.
versus D. matters and so
does government
support for long-term,
higher-risk research to
help tackle global
challenges

9. R&D GROWTH OVER THE BUSINESS
CYCLE
Annual real percentage growth rate of R&D, 2008-14
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
%
Government R&D budgets GDP
Government-financed R&D expenditures Business-financed R&D expenditures
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
%
Government R&D budgets GDP
Government-financed R&D expenditures Business-financed R&D expenditures
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
%
Government R&D budgets GDP
Government-financed R&D expenditures Business-financed R&D expenditures
Source: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933273253

10. GOVERNMENT BUDGETS FOR R&D: A
DIVERSIFIED PICTURE
G7 and Korea, Index 2008 = 100
Source: OECD Research and Development Database, July 2015. www.oecd.org/sti/rds

11. Research excellence and
frontier innovation are
fairly concentrated across
countries, institutions and
businesses

12. R&D IN
OECD AND
KEY
PARTNER
COUNTRIES,
2013
USA
CHN
JPN
DEU
KOR
FRA
IND
GBR
RUS
BRA
ITA
CAN
AUS
ESP
SWE
NLD
TUR
CHE
AUT
ISR
BEL
MEX
POL
DNK
FIN
CZE
NOR
ZAF
PRT
IRL
HUN
GRC NZL
IDN
SVN
CHL
SVK LUX
ISL
EST
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
Gross domestic expenditures on
R&D as a percentage of GDP
Researchers, per thousand employment
R&D expenditures in 2010
USD - constant prices and PPP
1 billion
10 billion
100 billion
BRIICS
North America
EU
Other OECD members
Source: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2015
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933273287

13. Cumulative percentage shares within the top 2000 R&D companies
TOP 250 R&D COMPANIES ACCOUNT FOR
OVER 60% OF GLOBAL BUSINESS R&D, 2012
About 25% of the TOP
100 R&D corporations
are located in Japan
Source: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933273408

14. 4 PLAYERS IN 50-70% OF HIGH-IMPACT
SCIENCE ACROSS ALL DISCIPLINES
Top 4 countries with the largest number of 10% top-cited publications, by field,
as % of all top-cited publications by authors in OECD and BRIICS countries,
2003-12
0
20
40
60
80
100
%
USA GBR CHN DEU BRA CAN ESP AUS FRA IND JPN OTH
Source: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933273312

15. STRENGTHENING INNOVATION
AND COMPETITIVENESS: 5
PILLARS
KNOWLEDGE, TALENT & SKILLS
KNOWLEDGE DIFFUSION
COMPETITIVENESS
INNOVATION IN FIRMS
SOCIETY

16. INVESTING IN WORKERS SKILLS: TRAINING
Investment as a percentage of gross value added by type of training
Estimating Cross-Country Investment in Training, STI WP 9, 2015
KNOWLEDGE ASSETS IN FIRMS
Source: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2015
75 69 75 6566 77 70 5662 51 46 34
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
DNK AUS NLD GBR CAN FIN USA DEU KOR JPN FRA ITA
%
Formal only On-the-job only Formal and on-the-job
Percentage of total employed persons receiving
training
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933273718

17. THE PREMIUM FROM SCIENTIFIC COLLABORATION
The citation impact of scientific production and the extent of international
collaboration, 2003-12
RESEARCH CAPABILITIES
Source: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933273878

18. INTERNATIONAL MOBILITY OF SCIENTIFIC AUTHORS
Difference between annual inflows and outflows of scientific authors, as
percentage of cumulative net flows , selected economies,1999-2013
Source: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2015.
RESEARCH CAPABILITIES
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933273360

19. WOMEN IN SCIENCE
Female scientific authors in selected fields, by country, 2011, As a
percentage of corresponding authors, estimated shares
RESEARCH CAPABILITIES
Source: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933273335

20. FIRMS TAPPING INTO INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION
NETWORKS
Source: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2015
Firms engaged in international collaboration by firm size, 2010-12, as a
percentage of product and/or process innovative firms in each size category
INNOVATION IN FIRMS
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
%
Large firms SMEs
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932891416

21. ENGAGING IN GLOBAL VALUE CHAIN
Foreign value added shares in exports by source region, 2011
As a percentage of total exports
COMPETING IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Source: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933274544

22. GLOBAL OR REGIONAL VALUE CHAINS?
Value added needed to satisfy final regional demand for Computer,
electronic and optical equipment products
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1995 2011 1995 2011 1995 2011
NAFTA Europe East and
Southeast Asia
%
Intra-regional NAFTA
Europe East and Southeast Asia
Rest of the world
Inter-regional
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
1995 2011
East and Southeast
Asia
JPN KOR
CHN TWN
ASEAN
USD billion
Intra-regional: East and
Southeast Asia
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1995 2011
Europe
FRA DEU
ITA GBR
EU13 Other
USD billion
Intra-regional:
Europe
COMPETING IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Source: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933273179

23. a long shelf life!
R&D tax
incentives
Country
notes
Science and
research today
Interactive charts
www.oecd.org/sti/scoreboard
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, INDUSTRY
SCOREBOARD 2015
INNOVATION FOR GROWTH AND SOCIETY
http://www.oecd.org/sti/rd-tax-stats.htm
THEMATIC
BRIEFS
THEMATIC
COUNTRY NOTES
COUNTRY
NOTES
http://www.oecd.org/sti/scoreboard-2015-interactive-charts.htm

24. SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, INDUSTRY
SCOREBOARD 2015
INNOVATION FOR GROWTH AND SOCIETY
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