The document defines scope rules as determining which parts of a program can access a particular piece of code or data item. It outlines the four basic scope rules: 1) file scope for variables declared outside functions and blocks, 2) block scope for variables accessible only within the block they are defined, 3) function prototype scope for variables accessible from the parameter list to the end, and 4) function scope for variables accessible only within a function.

1. Presentation by
“Nayyab Mir”
Topic name:
“Scope rule”

2. Definition of “Scope Rule”
• The scope rules of a language decides in which part(s) of the program
a particular piece of code on data in item can be accessed
Basic four scope rules:
1. File scope
2. Block scope
3. Function prototype scope
4. Function scope

3. • File scope: “ These Variable s are usually declare outside of all functions
and blocks at the top of program. They are also called global scope
variable.”
• Block scope: “A block scope is a set of statement enclosed within left and
right braces i.e. A variable declare d inside a block is accessible in the inner
block but not accessible outside the block i.e.only accessible to the block in
which variables are defined”
• Function prototype: “In these the scope of variables begin right after the
declaration in function parameter list and run to the and the declaration
list”
• Function scope: “A function scope begins at the opening of function and
end with the closing of it.
A function scope is applicable to the label only. A label declared is use as a
Target to goto statement and both goto and label statement must be in a
same function.