This presentation gives a brief about history of pharmacy and various scope in the pharmacy field including clinical, community, hospital and education pharmacy. It also describes the future and challenges of pharmacy.

2. C
O
N
T
E
N
T
S
1. Introduction
2. History of Pharmacy
3. Pharmacist in the Pharmaceutical Industries
• Pharmaceutical Industries in India
4. Pharmacists in Practice Setting
• Community Pharmacy
• Hospital Pharmacy
• Clinical Pharmacy
• Other settings
5. Pharmacy education in India
• Areas of specialization
6. Pharmacy and Jobs abroad
7. The future of Pharmacy and Challenges
• Future of Pharmacy
• Challenges of Pharmacy

3. INTRODUCTION
Pharmacists work in a variety of health care settings as health care
professionals.
Pharmacist who are in direct contact with patients represent the face of
pharmacy profession.
Ranked by Gallop Poll ,pharmacy is the one of the most trustworthy
profession.
Pharmacists represent third largest healthcare professional group in
the world.
Pharmacists enjoy substantial rewards for their efforts- both
professional and monetary.

4. HISTORY OF PHARMACY
oPharmacy is known to be as the art and science of making medicines.
oIn ancient time ,physicians themselves practiced pharmacy
o Hippocrates (father of medicine),the great Greek physician ,made
his own prescriptions.
oApothecary is a historical name for medical professional who
formulates and dispenses medicines to physicians and patients .
oPharmacists are modern day apothecaries.
oThe increasing complexity of medical formulae and the labour
involved in making them ,prompted the separation of pharmacy from
medicine(1240AD).

5. • In India too, physician himself was philosopher, physician and
pharmacist ,all combined in one.
• Post World War II, preparations of medicines was taken over by
pharmaceutical industries .
• The independent Government of India enacted “The Pharmacy Act”
to control Pharmacy profession as well as education, in 1948.
• At certificate level, pharmacy education started in 1842 in Goa by
the Portuguese
• As a university level programme ,in 1937 ,at the Banaras Hindu
University(Varanasi).
INDIAN HISTORY OF PHARMACY

6. PHARMACISTS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES
AREA OF PHARMA
INDUSTRY
HANDS ON/ SUPERVISORY ROLE OF PHARMACIST
RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT
Drug discovery, research engineering, formulation and process development ,stability ,
packaging environment.
PRODUC TION /
MANUFACTURING
Production/ manufacture of bulk drugs & intermediates, finished medicines, vaccines
& other biological products, veterinary & ayurvedic medicines ,diagnostic products ,
etc.
PACKAGING Various stages of packaging of pharmaceuticals.
QUALITY CONTROL Product testing through the lifecycle of the drug and finished product (from raw
materials, packaging materials to finished goods/stability etc)
QUALITY ASSURANCE Preparing, reviewing and submitting documents ,conducting trainings , hence assuring
overall quality management.
SALES AND MARKETING Strategic planning , team management and marketing of pharmaceuticals . Working as
a medical representative.
REGULATORY AFFAIRS Preparing , reviewing , communicating ,submitting registration documents on
pharmaceuticals to regulatory agencies to get R&D testing , production and market
approvals , issues related to patents.

7. PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN INDIA
Main architect : Acharya P.C. Ray, founder of Bengal Chemicals and
Pharmaceutics work Ltd. (established 1901).
India has highest number of US FDA approved drug manufacturing
units (DMUs) outside USA.
All DMUs follow Schedule M of the Drugs and Cosmetic Act to follow
Good Manufacturing Processes.
Today we have 270 large and 5600 small licensed pharmaceutical
manufacturers.
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry ranks globally : 14th in global sales
value,3rd in volume of sales , one of top 5 bulk drug manufacturers.
This sector has estimated 2.20 lakh employment opportunities.

8. PHARMACIST
DOCTOR NURSE
PATIENT
WELFARE
1. COMMUNITY PHARMACY
(medical store, chemists and druggists)
2. HOSPITAL PHARMACY
(Private hospitals ,public hospitals , PHCs-
primary health care centers ,CHCs –
community health care centers, district
hospitals ,tertiary and teaching hospitals )
3. CLINICAL PHARMACY
(in patient care settings-both in hospital
and community pharmacy)
PHARMACISTS IN PRACTICE SETTING

9. COMMUNITY RETAIL
Employed as pharmacist or
can start his own pharmacy
Prescription handling ,checking for
safety ,correctness.
Maintaining patients medical records
and dispensing of medicines.
Patient counselling
,demonstration of medical device
Health promotion (disease
prevention) and nutrition advice.
Doing screen tests (blood pressure
,blood sugar , height-weight ,peak flow ,
etc)
Responding to symptoms and
recommending medicines for simple
ailments.
Managing inventory and storage of
medicines and allied products.

10. HOSPITAL PHARMACY
Managing inventory and storage of
medicines and allied products.
Small scale manufacturing
/compounding , sterile supply.
Health promotion and dispensing of
medicines.
Patient counselling
Medicine selection
Taking part in National health
Programmes .

11. CLINICAL PHARMACY
ADR (Adverse Drug Reaction )
prevention, detection , monitoring.
Reducing drug interaction and drug
related problem.
Taking patient medication history.
Taking part in ward round along
with doctors and nurses.
Deciding adjusting medicine dosing
for patients.
Providing drug information.

12. OTHER SETTINGS
ACADEMICS
REGULATORY (GOVERNMENT)
CLINICAL RESEARCH• Pharmacists as teachers.
• One needs to be post graduate in Pharmacy to
qualify as a lecturer and then Ph.D. is very much
essential.
• Pharmacists work in the Drug Control
Department where they are involved in in
regulating various aspects of this industry .
• The CDSCO (Central Drugs Standard Drug
Control)is central body in India for drug
control.
CROs (Clinical Research Organisation)are also
staffed with pharmacists ,with services like :
1. Feasibility studies and protocol
management.
2. Report writing and monitoring.
3. Case report form : review and designing.
4. Bio analytical services.
5. Quality assurance and data management .
6. Data management for global trials.
7. Conduction of bioavailaibility studies.

13. PHARMACY EDUCATION IN INDIA
DIPLOMA IN PHARMACY
(D. Pharm)
BACHELOR OF PHARMACY
(B. Pharm)
DOCTOR OF PHARMACY
(Pharm. D.)
10+2 PCM/PCB/PCMB+CET
wherever applicable.
10+2 (PCB/PCM/PCMB) or
D. Pharm.
2 year full time course 4 year full time course 6 year full time course
POSTGRADUATION
M. Pharm.
DOCTORATE
Ph.D. in Pharmacy
Minimum requirement:
B .Pharm on merit
2 year course +1 year
research work.
Minimum requirement:
M. Pharm
3 year course
10+2 Science

14. AREAS OF SPECIALISATION
• Pharmaceutics • Industrial Pharmacy
• Pharmaceutical Analysis • Pharmacognosy
• Pharmacology • Pharmaceutical Chemistry
• Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology
• Regulatory affairs
• Pharmacy Practice • Quality Assurance

15. PHARMACY AND JOBS ABROAD
EXAMS
TO QUALIFY
FOR EDUCATION
GRE
(Graduate
Record
Exam)
IELTS
(International
English Language
Testing System)
After clearing country specifics exams , jobs
are available in:
 U.S.A  Yemen
 Canada  U.A.E
 U.K.  Saudi Arabia
 France  New Zealand
 Germany  Singapore
 South Africa  Korea
 Nigeria  Japan
TOEFL
(Test of English as
a
Foreign language)

16. THE FUTURE OF PHARMACY AND CHALLENGES
FUTURE OF PHARMACY
 Proper treatment of lifestyle diseases like diabetes,hypertension, cancer , coronary heart disease ,etc.
 Help in production , distribution , storage and dispension of quality medicines.
 Active role in providing basic health care and advice on medicine use,health promotion and self medication in
rural areas.
 Look upon new avenues in immunization, tobacco cessation, couseling services,etc.
 Pharmacists will be in increasing demand in sectors like research, maketing , clinical community
,academics,regulatory affairs ,both in country and abroad.
 Development of new medicines for both tropical and chronic diseases

17. CHALLENGES OF PHARMACY
Rising cost of healthcare
Increasing disease burden
Advent of new disease
Irrational use of medicine
Non availability of health care centres in
sufficient numbers

18. REFERENCES
 Indian Pharmaceutical Association, “A Career in Pharmacy”,
Pharmacy Council of India , November 2009, 6-35.
 Image sources: www.google.com

19. Thank
You!