The document provides an overview of biochemistry, defining it as a branch of science that examines the chemical processes of living organisms and their importance in fields like medicine, nursing, agriculture, and pharmacy. It discusses the role of biochemistry in clinical diagnosis, nutrition, and drug formulation, along with its applications in agricultural practices and environmental monitoring. Additionally, it outlines career prospects and educational opportunities for biochemistry graduates in Pakistan.

1. SCOPE OF
BIOCHEMISTRY
PRESENTATION:
Technical Writing and Presentation Skills

2. JensMartensson
GROUP MEMBERS:
 SAEED UR REHMAN
 ADNAN MUNIR
 RASHID SHABIR
 BILAL IRSHAD
 FAROOQ AHMED
 HAFIZ M. AHMAD
 NAVEED
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SCOPE OF BIOCHEMISTRY:
 What is Biochemistry?
• Biochemistry is a branch of
science.
• The subject explores the
chemistry of living
organisms and that of their
biological processes.
• Biochemistry deals with the
chemical combinations and
reactions that takes place
because of the biological
processes such as growth,
reproduction, metabolism,
heredity, etc. 3

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SCOPE OF BIOCHEMISTRY:
 Importance of Biochemistry:
• Biochemistry is one of the branches of
chemistry which deals with the
chemical basis of life in plants and
animals.
• It is used in clinical diagnosis,
manufacture of various biological
products, treatment of diseases, in
nutrition, agriculture, etc.
• It tries to explain life in terms of
biochemical reactions, including other
sciences as Anatomy, Medicine,
Agriculture, pharmacy, etc.
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MEDICINE
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 MEDICINE:
• Physiology: Biochemistry helps one
understand the biochemical changes
and related physiological alteration in
the body. Pathology of any disease is
studied through biochemical changes.
• Pathology: Based on the symptoms
described by the patient, the physician
can get a clue on the biochemical
change and the associated disorder. For
example, if a patient complains about
stiffness in small joints, then the
physician may predict it to be gout and
get confirmed by evaluating uric acid
levels in the blood as uric acid
accumulation in blood results in gout.
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 MEDICINE:
• Nutrition deficiency: In the present
scenario, many people rely on taking
multivitamin & minerals for better
health. The function and role of
the vitamin in the body are described
only by biochemistry.
• Hormonal deficiency: There are many
disorders due to hormonal imbalance in
especially women and children. The
formation, role of hormones in the
normal body function is taught in
biochemistry by which the physician can
understand the
concerned problem during treatment.
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 NURSING
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SCOPE OF BIOCHEMISTRY:
 NURSING:
• Kidney function test: For example in
kidney disorders, other chemotherapy
treatment, etc. urine test help
understand the extent of excretion of
drugs or other metabolites, the
change in pH, the color of urine, etc.
• Liver function tests help understand
the type of disease or damage to the
liver, the effect of any medication on
the liver, etc.

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 NURSING:
• Blood test:
In diabetes, biochemical analytical
test for blood glucose level (above
150mg/deciliter) helps one understand
the severity of diabetes
disorder. Another biochemical analysis
for ketones bodies in urine also
indicates the stage of diabetes. The
appearance of ketone bodies or ketone
urea is mostly the last stage of diabetes.
• Serum cholesterol test: Evaluation of
blood cholesterol level and other
lipoproteins helps to understand the
proneness of the patient to
cardiovascular diseases.
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AGRICULTURE
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SCOPE OF BIOCHEMISTRY:
 AGRICULTURE:
• Prevent diseases: It helps for
prevention, treatment of diseases and
also increases the production or yield.
• Enhance growth: Biochemistry gives
an idea of how the use
of fertilizers can increase plant growth,
their yield, quality of food, etc.
• Enhance Yield: Some hormones
promote growth, while others
encourage flowering, fruit formation,
etc. In fisheries, the use of substances
to promote fish growth, their
reproduction, etc. can be understood.

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 AGRICULTURE:
• Adulteration: Even the composition of
food material produced, their alteration
or adulteration for example in honey
can be found by biochemical tests.
Biochemistry tests help prevent
contamination.
• Biochemical tests: for
the pesticide residues or other toxic
waste in plant, food grain and soil can
be evaluated. Hence during import and
export of food grains, a biochemical
check of the toxic residues is done to fix
the quality.
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• In animal husbandry, the quality of milk can be checked by biochemical tests. It
also helps diagnose any disease condition in animals and birds.
• In fisheries, the water quality is regularly monitored by biochemical tests. Any
drastic change in water chemistry & composition of fishery ponds can lead to the
vast death of fishes and prawns. Hence the tests are done regularly to see salt
content (calcium content), pH, accumulation of waste due to not changing water for
long, etc.
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 AGRICULTURE:

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NUTRITION
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 NUTRITION:
• Food chemistry: gives an idea of what
we eat, i.e., it’ s components like
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc. and
also the possible physiological alteration
due to their deficiency.
• The role of nutrients: Due to
biochemistry the importance of
vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids,
their contribution to health were known.
Hence there is a frequent
recommendation for inclusion of crucial
amino-acids, cod liver oil, salmon fish
oil, etc. by physicians and other health
and fitness experts.
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PHARMACY
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SCOPE OF BIOCHEMISTRY:
 PHARMACY:
• Drug Constitution: Biochemistry gives an idea
of the constitution of the drug, its chances of
degradation with varying temperature, etc.
How modification in medicinal chemistry helps
improve efficiency, minimize side effects, etc.
• The half-life: This is a test done on
biochemical drugs to know how long a drug is
stable when kept at so and so temperature.
• Biochemical tests: These tests help fix the
specific half-life or date of expiry of drugs.

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 PHARMACY:
• Drug storage: The storage condition
required can be estimated by the
biochemical test. For example many
enzymes, hormones are stored
for dispensing. These get deteriorated
over time due to temperature or
oxidation, contamination and also due
to improper storage.
• Drug metabolism: It also gives an idea
of how drug molecules
are metabolized by many biochemical
reactions in the presence of enzymes.
This helps to avoid drugs which have a
poor metabolism or those with
excessive side effects from being
prescribed or dispensed to the patient.
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PLANTS
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This describes how carbohydrates are synthesized by the use of sunlight, CO2, and
water in the green leaves of plants. It goes on to explain about different complex
enzymes involved in the process to combine the energy of sun within the molecules
H2O+ CO2 in the form of carbohydrates.
PLANTS:
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Photosynthesis:

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By use of the above photosynthesis pathway, plants leave out Oxygen while taking up
Carbon dioxide from the air. This air is used to generate energy in a cell like that of
animal cells.
PLANTS
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 Respiration:

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 PLANTS:
• Different sugars:
Biochemistry defines different types of
carbohydrates formed in plants like trioses
(3 carbon sugars, i.e., glyceraldehyde),
tetroses(4), pentoses (5), hexoses(6=
glucose), heptoses (7), etc. Tetroses are
the carbohydrates which go on to form
the nucleic acids, i.e., deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA).
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 PLANTS:
• Plants secondary metabolites:
Biochemistry also describes how the
plant products like gums, tannins,
alkaloids, resins,
enzymes, phytohormones are formed
inside the plant. Further, how the
different plant cell parts are involved in
physiology. The conversion of different
biochemical over some time like lignin,
chitin to harden the dead vascular
vessels, etc.
SCOPE OF BIOCHEMISTRY
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 PLANTS:
• Other functions: It also describes how
plants fruits get ripened, how to plant
seed germinates, the respiration process
inside the plant cell, how proteins
and amino acids are formed on rough
endoplasmic reticulum and fats are
formed on smooth ER.
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BIOCHEMISTRY
IN PAKISTAN
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 BIOCHEMISTRY IN PAKISTAN:
• A lot of universities and colleges in
Pakistan are offering different courses of
Biochemistry.
• Courses of Biochemistry starts at
undergraduate level in Pakistan.
• A student can start studying
biochemistry at undergraduate level
after passing F. Sc Pre Medical.
• Undergraduate study is followed by MS
and PhD. Degrees.
SCOPE OF BIOCHEMISTRY
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 COURSES OFFERED IN PAKISTAN:
• B. Sc. (2 years)
• M. Sc. (2 years)
• BS (4 years)
• M. Phil./MS (2 years)
• Ph. D. (3-5 years)
SCOPE OF BIOCHEMISTRY
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• Food Analyst:
They are tasked with quality assurance of food products and detection of any
adulteration. There is a growing demand for these individuals, both in the public and
private sector.
• Agrochemist:
Their job is to improve agricultural produce by studying conditions that hamper this
process. Study of climate, soil characteristics, water, etc. all come under their domain.
They are employed by government institutes as well as private farms.
• Researcher:
Their job is to conduct research and propose guidelines for the agriculture industry,
food industry, drug industry, etc. Their research is published in national and
international journals. These individuals are sometimes employed by the government
for recommendations regarding agriculture policies.
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 CAREER PROSPECTUS:

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You should select Biochemistry if you have interests in the following things:
• Natural sciences
• Biology
• Chemistry
• Research
• Veterinary medicine
• agriculture
• Nutrition, etc.
SCOPE OF BIOCHEMISTRY
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 Interests:

31. JensMartensson
In Pakistan a Biochemist can apply for jobs in following:
• Medical Labs.
• Forensic Labs.
• Education Department.
• Pharmaceutical Industry.
• Research Organizations.
• Agriculture Research Institutes.
• Public Health Department.
• Biochemical Industry.
• Hospitals.
• Agriculture Firms.
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 BIOCHEMISTRY JOBS IN PAKISTAN:

32. JensMartensson
 BIOCHEMISTS APPROX. SALARY:
• The salary of biochemist may vary from
public sector to private sector and also
from post to post in any sector. The
estimate salary for a fresh biochemist
starts from 40,000 Rs to 60, 000 Rs. But
after getting some experience a
biochemist can also earn salary from 60,
000 Rs to 150, 000 Rs depending upon
his field and post.
SCOPE OF BIOCHEMISTRY
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• The Pakistan Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology was founded in 1963
with the name as Pakistan Society of Biochemists. Prof. M.I.D. Chughtai and Prof. M.
Ataur Rehman were its founding President and Secretary, respectively. Initial name of
the Society was changed to the current one in the year 1997 in line with the
international trends. Ever since its establishment the Society has been working to
promote the sciences of biochemistry, molecular biology and biotechnology in the
country. With the growth of scientific activities in general, the activity in biochemical
sciences has also grown with increased number of scientists working in it.
Pakistan Society for
Biochemistry & Molecular
Biology:
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34. SAEED RAMAY
saeedch566@yahoo.com
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