2. Students will be able to Describe the location of genes within chromosomes Identify the structure of DNA Explain how DNA makes copies of itself Compare the structure of RNA to DNA Contrast the function of tRNA, mRNA, rRNA Critique how cells make proteins Evaluate how mutations change cell function
6. Importance of DNA Code Every cell contains all the information for an entire human! How do we get specialized cells? Control what information gets used How? Activating Genes What is a gene? Specific sequence of A, C, T, G What does this sequence do? Makes a protein How many genes do humans have? ~30,000 (modified to make 100,000 proteins) Key to your entire body is… Deciding what proteins are made!!!
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8. Comparing DNA, RNA, Protein DNA Structure A, T, C or G RNA Structure A, U, C or G Protein Structure Made of 20 different amino acids Connected together in a string
9. Base Pairing Rule 1. A = T (U if RNA) 2. G C A-T-G-C-G-A || || ||| ||| ||| || T-A-C-G-C-T A-T-G-C-G-A || || ||| ||| ||| || U-A-C-G-C-U
10. Types of RNA rRNA - Protein factory “Ribosome” mRNA – Tells the cell what protein to make “Messenger” tRNA – Reads RNA message “Translation of RNA to Protein”
11. How does a cell make proteins? Step 1 - DNA transcribed to mRNA DNA can not leave nucleus but RNA can Step 2 - mRNA leaves the nucleus Protein factory is only present in cytoplasm Step 3 - mRNA sticks to ribosome Step 4 - Translation mRNA sequence is read by tRNA to make protein mRNA is read in groups of three (codon)
15. The Genetic Code #1 T A C T T A C C G AGC T A G ACT A U G AA U GG C UC GA U C UGA AUG,AAU,GGC,UCG,AUC,UGA Each group of three called a codon Determines which type of amino acid to add to make the protein
