This will help you to learn things easily

1. Refraction of Light
Class 10 Science – Chapter: Light –
Reflection and Refraction
Presented by: [Your Name]

2. What is Refraction?
• Refraction is the bending of light as it passes
from one medium to another.
• Occurs due to change in speed of light in
different media.

3. Why Does Refraction Occur?
• Light travels at different speeds in different
media.
• Denser the medium, slower the light speed.
• Change in speed causes the ray to bend.

4. Key Terms
• Incident Ray – The incoming ray of light.
• Refracted Ray – The bent ray in the second
medium.
• Normal – A line perpendicular to the surface
at the point of incidence.
• Angle of Incidence (i) – Angle between
incident ray and normal.
• Angle of Refraction (r) – Angle between
refracted ray and normal.

5. Laws of Refraction
• 1. Incident ray, refracted ray, and normal lie on
the same plane.
• 2. Snell’s Law: sin(i) / sin(r) = constant
(Refractive Index).

6. Refractive Index
• n = Speed of light in vacuum / Speed of light in
medium
• No units.
• Example: Refractive index of water = 1.33

7. Ray Diagrams
• Air to glass: Ray bends towards normal.
• Glass to air: Ray bends away from normal.

8. Real Life Examples of Refraction
• Pencil in water appears bent.
• Pool appears shallower.
• Used in lenses, glasses, and cameras.
• Prism dispersion – light splitting into colors.

9. Refraction Through Rectangular
Glass Slab
• Light ray bends at entry and exit.
• Emerges parallel to incident ray but shifted –
lateral displacement.

10. Important Questions for Practice
• 1. Define refraction of light.
• 2. State the laws of refraction.
• 3. Why does a pencil appear bent in water?
• 4. Draw a labelled diagram showing refraction
through a glass slab.

11. Summary
• Refraction is bending of light due to speed
change.
• Laws of refraction govern light behavior.
• Refractive index helps compare media.

12. Thank You
• Thank you! Any questions?
• Refraction helps us understand how light
travels through different media.