The document provides information about the reproductive and endocrine systems. It discusses: 1) The male reproductive system, including structures like the testes, scrotum, penis, and their functions. 2) The formation of sperm cells and the role of testosterone. 3) The female reproductive system, including structures like the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina and their functions in producing eggs and hormones and receiving sperm.

1. Science
Quarter 3 - Module 1
Reproductive and Endocrine Systems
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
10

2. 1
Science- Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 1: Reproductive and Endocrine Systems
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Bukidnon
Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Randolph B. Tortola, CESO V
Development Team of the Module
Author/s : Crystal Jade S. Mongas
Content Editor : Loniel D. Barro, PhD
Language Editor : Maria Luisa M. Casiño
Reviewers : Ellen A. Azuelo, PhD, Rejynne Mary L. Ruiz, PhD
Illustrator and Layout Artist : Crystal Jade S. Mongas
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Chairperson : Arturo B. Bayocot, PhD, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons : Victor G. De Gracia Jr., PhD, CESO V
Assistant Regional Director
: Randolph B. Tortola, PhD, CESO IV
Schools Division Superintendent
: Shambaeh A. Abantas-Usman, PhD
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
: Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD
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3. 2
What’s New
LET’S TRY THIS!
Direction: Observe the picture found at the center of the model. Connect your
observations to your prior knowledge and make your inferences. Put your
answers in each box.
What Is It
You have learned that cells make up a tissue, then tissues make up an organ,
and organs make up a system. Let us now understand the organ system to know
specifically how the individual cells of the male reproductive system work. By the way,
the reproductive system of humans does not fully become active until an individual
reaches puberty.
The male reproductive system performs the following functions:
1. secretion of the male sex hormones
2. production of sperm cells
3. transfer of sperm cells
Were you able to make your
inferences and connect your
observations to your prior knowledge?
Great! The picture found at the center of
the model is the Male Reproductive
System.
Figure 1.1 Frayer’s Model

4. 3
The male reproductive system includes the structures seen in Figure 1.2. The male
gonads are the testes (singular: testis) hanging in the scrotum. Sperm production requires
a slightly lower temperature than the human body that is why the scrotum hangs loosely
outside the body cavity. However, when the testis fails to descend, it leads to sterility
because of the inhibiting effect of normal body temperature on sperm development.
To summarize, the male reproductive system consists of the following
important structures:
Part Function
Testis produces sperm cells
Scrotum a sac that holds the testis
Penis places sperm into the vagina during mating
Tube (vas deferens) carries sperm from the testes to the urethra
Urethra carries sperm out of the body
Gland provides liquid in which sperm can swim
a. seminal vesicle secretes one of the components of the semen
b. prostate gland secretes a milky fluid that is discharged into the urethra
as part of the semen
c. Cowper’s gland or
Bulbourethral gland
a mucous secreting gland located at the base of the
penis
In this section, each of the male reproductive parts is discussed.
Scrotum
The scrotum consists of skin. In cold temperatures, the scrotum becomes
firm and wrinkled, reducing the overall size of the scrotum.
Figure 1.2 Parts of the Male Reproductive System
Source: Science 10 Learner’s Material

5. 4
Testes
The testes are organs within the scrotum each about 4-5 cm long and are
composed of cone-shaped lobules that contain seminiferous tubules, in which sperm
cells develop.
Epididymis
Epididymis is a tightly coiled series of thread-like tubules that form a comma-
shaped structure on the posterior side of the testes. The sperm cells continue to mature
along this tube.
Vas deferens
From the epididymis, the sperm moves to this tube up to the ampulla of the
ductus deferens. The wall of this tube is composed of smooth muscles. The vas
deferens emerges from the epididymis and ascends along the posterior side of the
testes to become associated with the blood vessels and nerves that supply the testes.
Ejaculatory Duct
The ejaculatory duct connects into the prostate gland and ends by joining the
urethra within the prostate gland.
Urethra
The urethra is a pathway for both urine and male reproductive fluids, but these
do not exit the urethra at the same time. Thus, there is no mixing. The male urethra
connects from the urinary bladder to the distal end of the penis. While seminal fluid
passes through the urethra, a reflex causes the urinary sphincter muscles to contract
tightly to keep urine from passing the urinary bladder through the urethra.
Penis
The penis is only an accessory organ for reproduction and not the reproductive
organ itself as most people think of. It is the organ for copulation and it functions in the
transfer of sperm cells from the male to the vagina of the female. It is composed of erectile
tissues and the engorgement of the erectile tissue with blood causes the penis to enlarge
and become firm in a process called erection.
The Formation of Sperm Cells
Each testis is partitioned into as many as 300 wedge-shaped lobes.
Each contains two to three highly coiled tubes, the seminiferous tubules, and this
is where sperms develop. Although a testis is only about 5 cm long, 125 meters
of tubes are packed in it. When sperm cells move out of the testis, they enter a
long, coiled duct, the epididymis. They are not fully developed at this time, but
secretions from the duct walls help them mature. When they are about to leave the
body, they pass through a thick-walled tube called the vas deferens, and then to
the ejaculatory ducts, and finally, to the urethra where they are ejected. When a
male is sexually aroused, sperm cells begin their journey through the vas deferens
and then exit through the urethra. During this time, they collect fluid along the way.
The following glands contribute fluid to the traveling sperm cells: (a) the
seminal vesicles secrete a thick fluid that contains nutrients, (b) the prostate gland
secretes a thick, milky alkaline fluid to counteract the acidic vagina and the urethra
and it activates the sperms, and (c) the bulbourethral gland or Cowper’s gland
produces the lubricating effect. Altogether the sperm and the fluids make up the
semen. During a male’s arousal, spongy, erectile tissues in the penis are filled

6. 5
with blood, causing the penis to become hard, erect, and enlarged. The semen is
expelled during ejaculation passing through the urethral opening when sexual
arousal reaches its peak.
As previously mentioned, the urethra is a common passageway for urine
and semen. However, the nervous system prevents urine from mixing with the
semen during ejaculation. Finally, the penis is an external sex organ that allows
the transfer of the semen into the vagina of the female.
Testosterone: The Male Sex Hormone
Testosterone is the main male sex hormone secreted by the testis. This hormone is
responsible for the normal development of the organs of the male reproductive system. It
also brings about the changes experienced during puberty.
The changes that appear at 10 to 14 years of age eventually distinguish the male
secondary characteristics. Secondary male characteristics among males include growth of
facial, underarm, chest, pubic and body hair, enlargement of the voice box, deepening of the
voice, development of the male musculature and increased secretion of sweat and oil.
Moreover, testosterone is responsible for a male’s muscular strength. That is why some
athletes take steroids that contain testosterone or other similar compounds. However, taking
steroids have been proven to produce harmful effects and it may even result to mental
problems.
TELL ME THE TRUTH!
In this activity, you will describe the parts of the male reproductive system and
their functions.
Direction: Decide whether the description of each part of the male reproductive system is
true or not. Choose A if the statement is true; otherwise choose B if it is not.
A. True B. False
What’s More
Figure 1.3 The human sperm and its parts
Source: www.google.com Labeled for Reuse

7. 6
1. In cold temperatures, the scrotum becomes firm and wrinkled, thus reducing
the overall size of the scrotum.
2. The penis is composed of epithelial tissues and the engorgement of the
erectile tissue with blood causes the penis to enlarge and become firm.
3. The vas deferens emerges from the epididymis and ascends along the
posterior side of the testes to become associated with the blood vessels
and nerves that supply the testes.
4. Testosterone brings about the changes experienced during puberty in
males.
5. The ejaculatory duct extends into the prostate gland and ends by joining the
urethra within the prostate gland.
6. The penis is only an accessory organ for reproduction and not the
reproductive organ itself.
7. The urethra is a pathway for both urine and male reproductive fluids.
8. A man’s testes produce sperm cells which are ejected through ducts during
ejaculation.
9. Each testis contains two to three highly coiled tubes, the seminiferous
tubules, and this is where sperms develop.
10. The sperm cells continue to mature along the epididymis.
I am sure that you truly enjoyed learning these new ideas. Now, let us try to
remember the concepts that you have learned today. Ready, set, go!
Direction: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. (5 points each)
1. How does the male reproductive system function?
2. What are the parts of the male reproductive system?
3. What is the function of each part?
What I Have Learned
Well done! You have just
accomplished the activity on the male
reproductive system. You may now
proceed to the next. Have fun!

8. 7
What I Can Do
DIFFERENTIATED TASK: MARVELOUS BOY!
Directions: Choose only ONE TASK among the following activities.
A. Collect clippings or articles regarding the effect of alcohol and smoking to the
male reproductive system. Summarize your work and make an E-portfolio.
B. Do a research on a sexually transmitted disease among males. Read about the
name of the disease and its causes. Make a multimedia presentation of your
output.
C. Make a poster with a slogan about the ways on how to take good care of the
male reproductive system.
D. Make a digital art about the ways on how to take care of the male reproductive
system.
E. Make a poem on your personal experience on how to take care of the male
reproductive system.
RUBRIC FOR SELF-CHECK
(To be used by the teacher in rating the output)
Accuracy of the Content 30 %
Organization and Coherence of Idea 20 %
Clarity of the Message 20 %
Creativity 20 %
Completeness 10 %
TOTAL 100 %
Direction: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. When does reproductive system in humans become active? When an individual
A. grows taller B. is in high school C. is in college D. reaches puberty
2. Which of the following structures of the male reproductive system is responsible in
producing sperm cells?
A. penis B. Prostate gland C. Scrotum D. Testis
3. How can a sperm be ejected? A sperm cell can be ejected through
A. ejaculation B. taking a bath
C. urination D. blood circulation
4. The __________ carries the sperm from the testes to the urethra.
A. scrotum B. testis
C. seminal vesicle D. vas deferens
Assessment

9. 8
5. Which process causes the penis to enlarge and become firm?
A. ejaculation B. erection
C. urination D. gestation
6. How does the urethra functions? The urethra
A. carries sperm out of the body
B. produces sperm cells
C. provides milky liquid
D. secretes semen
7. Part of the male reproductive system that is a tightly coiled series of thread-like tubules.
A. epididymis B. vas deferens
C. urethra D. Cowper’s gland
8. What happens to the scrotum in cold temperatures? It becomes
A. firm and wrinkled
B. stretched and wrinkled
C. firm and rounded
D. stretched and firm
9. Which of the following best describes the Cowper’s gland?
A. The secreting gland is located at the top of the penis
B. A mucous secreting gland located at the base of the penis
C. A gland that provides liquid in which sperm can swim
D. The cowper’s gland produces sperm cells
10. The __________ is an accessory organ of reproduction.
A. testis B. penis C. scrotum D. urethra
11. Which structure holds the testis?
A. Cowper’s gland B. penis C. scrotum D. urethra
12. The __________ secretes one of the components of the semen.
A. seminal vesicle B. prostate gland
C. Cowper’s gland D. seminal vesicle
13. Which of the following is the male sex hormone?
A. testes B. ovaries
C. testosterone D. estrogen
14. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The urethra supports the Urinary System.
B. The urethra serves as a passageway for fluids.
C. The urethra is a pathway for sperm cells.
D. The urethra is a pathway for both urine and male reproductive fluids.
15. How does the prostate gland functions? It secretes
A. milky fluids B. mucous
C. blood D. sweat and fluids

10. 9
What’s New
LET’S TRY THIS!
Direction: Observe the picture found at the center of the model. Connect your
observations to your prior knowledge and also make some
inferences. Put your answers in each box.
What Is It
Most organ systems of the body show a little difference for the male and female
organs except in the case of the reproductive system. There is a difference between the
male and the female reproductive systems, although they also share several similarities.
The male and female reproductive organs are developed from the same embryological
structures, and some hormones are the same for them both although they produce different
responses. The female reproductive system has the following functions:
1. production of female sex cells
2. production of female sex hormones
3. reception of sperm cells from the male
4. nurturing the development of and providing nourishment for the new
individual
Were you able to connect your
observations to your prior knowledge and
to make inferences? Great! The picture
found at the center of the model is called
the Female Reproductive System.
Figure 2.1 Frayer’s Model

11. 10
Figure 2.2 shows the parts of the female reproductive system. The female
reproductive system performs female sexual and child-bearing functions. It consists
of a pair of gonads or the ovaries, fallopian tube or oviduct, the uterus, the vagina,
and the external genitalia or the vulva. Each organ performs related functions such
as to produce eggs, to produce hormones, to receive the sperm cells that will
fertilize the eggs, and to provide for the development of the embryo.
The following describes the function of each part:
Part Function
Ovary produces egg cells
Fallopian Tube or
Oviduct
The passageway of eggs from the ovary to the uterus
and the same place where the egg is fertilized
Uterus develops the fertilized egg
Vagina receives the penis of the male during mating
Read on to get more key information about these parts.
The Ovaries
There are two ovaries each comparable to the size of an almond nut in every
female. It is suspended in the pelvic cavity by a ligament. The ligament extends from each
ovary to the lateral body wall, and the ovarian ligament. The ovary contains an ovarian
follicle, which contains an oocyte or the female germ cell. When follicles mature, they
expand and rupture to release the egg. This process is called ovulation. After ovulation, the
remaining cells of the ruptured follicle transform into a glandular structure known as the
corpus luteum.
Fallopian Tubes
The fallopian tubes extend from the area of the ovaries to the uterus. The long and
thin processes called fimbriae surround the opening of each uterine tube. Fertilization
usually occurs in the part of the uterine tube near the ovary.
Uterus
The uterus is as big as a medium-sized pear. Internally, the uterine cavity continues
through the cervix as the cervical canal, which opens into the vagina. The larger rounded
part is directed superiorly. The part of the uterus superior to the entrance of the uterine
tubes is called the fundus. The main part is called the body, and the narrower part is the
cervix, directed inferiorly.
Figure 2.2 The parts of the female reproductive system
Source: Science 10 Learner’s Material

12. 11
Vagina
The vagina is the female organ for copulation, and it functions to receive the penis
during intercourse. It also allows menstrual flow and childbirth. This extends from the uterus
to the outside of the body. In young females, the vaginal opening is covered by a thin
mucous membrane called the hymen. The hymen can completely close the vaginal opening,
in which case it must be removed to allow menstrual flow. This can be torn at some earlier
time in a young female’s life during a variety of activities which may include strenuous
exercise. The condition of the hymen is therefore not a reliable indicator of virginity.
External Genitalia
Figure 2.3 shows the female external genitalia. The female external genitalia
contain the vestibule and its surrounding structures. Vestibule is the space into which the
vagina and urethra open. A pair of thin, longitudinal skin folds called the labia minora
borders the vestibule. A small erectile structure called the clitoris is located in the anterior
margin of the vestibule. The two labium minus unite over the clitoris to form a fold of skin
called the prepuce skin.
A woman’s ovaries contain follicles that nurture eggs and produce sex
hormones. Oviducts convey eggs to the uterus where a fertilized egg
develops. The uterus opens into the vagina, which receives the penis during
intercourse and serves as the birth canal. The pair of ovaries, lying on the
right and left depressions of the upper pelvic cavity, produces the mature egg
cell. This mature egg cell is swept by the tiny finger-like projections of the
oviducts or fallopian tubes. The egg moves along this tube with the help of the tiny hair or
cilia that line the fallopian tubes. These tubes extend until the uterus. The uterus, an
inverted pear-shaped muscular organ, is where the embryo attaches, specifically on its inner
wall, the endometrium. A female is considered pregnant when successful implantation
happens. The cervix, an important reproductive part during birthing, is the neck of the uterus
leading to the vaginal canal. It dilates or opens before the delivery of a female. The vagina,
on the other hand, is a long, elastic, muscular canal where menstrual blood and tissues are
expelled from the body. The walls of the vagina provide lubrication and it receives the penis
during copulation. This organ also expands during intercourse and childbirth.
Figure 2.3 The female external genitalia
Source: www.google.com Labeled for Reuse

13. 12
YOU COMPLETE ME!
In this activity, you will identify the parts of the female reproductive system and their
functions.
Direction: Complete the following.
Part Function
1.
2.
3.
4.
What’s More
Well done! You have just finished an
activity on the female reproductive system.
You may now proceed to the next section.
Here we go!

14. 13
What I Have Learned
Try to answer the questions below to check your understanding on this topic.
Directions: Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
(5 points each)
1. How does the female reproductive system function?
2. What are the parts of the female reproductive system?
3. What is the function of each part?
What I Can Do
DIFFERENTIATED TASK: WONDERFUL GIRL
Direction: Choose only ONE TASK from the following activities.
A. Research about the ways on how to take care for the female
reproductive system. List down the programs and take note of the
family planning methods that are available and how it will be
administered to the community. If possible, try to familiarize yourself
with the devices available in the health center.
B. Do a research on a female sexually transmitted disease. Read about the name
of the disease and its causes. Make a multimedia presentation of your output.
C. Make a poster with a slogan about the ways on how to take proper care of the
female reproductive system.
RUBRIC FOR SELF-CHECK
(To be used by the teacher in rating the output)
Accuracy of the Content 30 %
Organization and Coherence of Idea 20 %
Clarity of the Message 20 %
Creativity 20 %
Completeness 10 %
TOTAL 100 %

15. 14
Assessment
Direction: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is a function of the female reproductive system?
A. production of female sex cells B. ejection of male sex cells
C. release of male sex hormones D. protection of the reproductive tissues
2. What part of the female reproductive system receives the penis during intercourse?
A. ovary B. oviduct C. uterus D. vagina
3. Which structure produces egg cells?
A. ovary B. oviduct C. uterus D. vagina
4. The _________is a passageway of eggs from the ovary to the uterus.
A. ovary B. oviduct C. uterus D. vagina
5. Which of the following statements best describe the uterus?
A. I t produces egg cell
B. The same place where the egg is fertilized
C. The place where the fertilized egg develops
D. Receives penis of male during mating
6. The __________is the neck of the uterus leading to the vaginal canal?
A. areola B. cervix C. endometrium D. hymen
7. What do you call to the thin mucous membrane which covers the vaginal opening?
A. endometrium B. ovary C. oviduct D. hymen
8. Which of the following parts contains the external genitalia?
A. mammary gland B. oviduct C. vagina D. vestibule
9. Which of the following describes an egg cell?
A. gamete B. gonads C. vulva D. zygote
10. What is the female organ for copulation?
A. ovary B. oviduct C. uterus D. vagina
11. What will happen when there is a successful implantation?
A. A female is considered pregnant B. Menstruation occurs
C. It will result to hormonal imbalance D. Ceases to function
12. Which of the following is contained in the ovary?
A. follicles B. sperm cells C. gonads D. fundus
13. What is the function of the follicles?
A. nurture eggs B. produces zygote
C. produces gametes D. nourishes gonads
14. What part is the small erectile structure of the female reproductive system?
A. areola B. clitoris C. hymen D. fundus
15. What happens to the cervix prior to female’s delivery?
A. dilates or opens B. contracts
C. reduces its size D. dysmenorrhea happens

16. 15
WHO AM I?
Direction: Read each of the following riddles and decide which part of the endocrine
system is being described. Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the correct
answer.
A. Pituitary gland E. Adrenal gland
B. Thyroid gland F. Pancreas
C. Parathyroid gland G. Testes
D. Thymus gland H. Ovaries
1. I secrete a hormone which helps to stimulate the lymphoid cells to produce T-
cells. I am the vanishing gland. You need me most during your early
childhood years and I begin to disappear when you reach puberty. I am a
member of the endocrine system and lymphatic system. Who am I?
2. I am a good friend of the sympathetic nervous system and I play a role in
preparing your body to handle emergencies. There are two of me in your
body and I help you decide whether to fight or flight. Who am I?
3. You can thank me for all the muscles you have and your deep voice. I am
also the reason why you shave every day. I play a role in reproduction by
allowing you to produce sperm cells. Who am I?
4. I control your mood. I control how sweet you are. I keep your blood sugar
within the normal limits. If your blood sugar is too high, I produce insulin and
if it is too low, I produce glucagon. I also play a role in your digestion. Who
am I?
5. I am very tiny but I do a lot of tasks in your endocrine system. I help you grow
and develop. I provide milk for nursing moms. The back part of me helps
maintain the balance of water in your body. Moreover, when I release my
hormone oxytocin, it will cause the uterus to contract so a new life can be
born. Who am I?
6. Many people say I am shaped like a butterfly. I increase metabolism. Mental
and physical activities are also influenced by me. Who am I?
What’s New
Were you able to solve the riddles?
Good job! The endocrine system is
composed of glands that secrete different
type of hormones that affect the body
processes.

17. 16
What Is It
As you go through this lesson, you will be able to understand the role of hormones in
the body. In addition, you should be able to identify the major endocrine glands in the body
and their key functions.
Many endocrine glands make up your endocrine system. One function of this system
is to regulate reproduction and other closely associated phenomena. This system also helps
you to cope with the changes in the environment. In addition, the endocrine system is
responsible for many reactions such as influencing how your heart beats, how your bones and
tissues develop, and even your capacity to have a baby. It plays an essential role in the
occurrence of disorders such as diabetes, thyroid disease, growth disorders, and/or sexual
dysfunction. Your endocrine glands also secrete chemicals, called hormones, into the
bloodstream which carries them throughout the body. When a hormone in the blood reaches
the target organ, it produces a significant effect. Moreover, the endocrine system sends
signals all over the body, much like the nervous system. However, unlike the instant
responses activated by the nervous system, the effects can take a few hours or even weeks.
Functions of the Hormones
Hormones help regulate body processes such as growth, development,
metabolism, and response to stimuli. They are like chemical messengers that transport a
signal from one cell to another. Since they circulate all throughout the body, they can
affect many body parts even those situated distance away from the cells that secrete
them. Some processes in the body are coordinated by hormones which regulate and
balance the working of organs, tissues, and cells. Both men and women produce
Figure 3.1 The parts of the endocrine system
Source: www.google.com Labeled for Reuse

18. 17
hormones in the same areas with one exception, the reproductive glands. Extra male
hormones are produced in the testes while female hormones are produced in the ovaries.
In terms of their body effects, they can also vary. Some hormones have short-term effects
while other hormones have influence even in the long term such as those that control our
growth and the changes at the onset of puberty.
During puberty, there are many hormonal changes that happen in your body. One
moment you are laughing, and then suddenly, you feel like crying. Sudden mood swings
are relatively caused by the increasing number of hormones in the body at this stage. It is
therefore important to maintain a positive outlook in life and remember that these changes
are only temporary and will stabilize with time.
Another significant fact about hormones is that they act in very small amounts. If
the organ and hormones do not produce the regulated amount of chemicals to your body, it
may result to an abnormality. This condition is called hormonal imbalance. An increase or
decrease in the hormonal amount may have a significant effect to the body.
Table I. Major Glands in the body, with their functions, locations, and the hormones
that they release.
Gland Location Hormones Released Function
Pituitary
at the base of
the brain
Oxytocin, Vasopressin,
Growth Hormone,
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
(ACTH),
Prolactin, Luteinizing Hormone,
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
(FSH)
stimulates growth;
controls the functions of
other glands
Thyroid
below the
voice box
Thyroxin, Calcitonin
regulates body
metabolism; causes
storage of calcium in the
bones
Parathyroid in the neck Parathyromone
controls the calcium
levels in your body;
normalizes bone growth
Thymus in front of the
heart
Thymosin
enables the body
to produce certain
antibodies
Adrenal
on top of the
kidneys Adrenaline
prepares the body for
action; controls the
heart rate and
breathing in times of
emergency
Pancreas
between the
kidneys
Insulin, Glucagon
regulates blood sugar
levels
Reproductive
Testes
(Male)
lower
abdomen
Androgen, Testosterone control maturation and
male characteristics
Ovaries
(Female)
lower
abdomen
Estrogen,
Progesterone
influence female
traits; support
reproductive function

19. 18
During an emergency, can you still recall how the ambulance driver coped with the
situation by driving efficiently? What do you think is the hormone responsible for this?
Adrenalin is the emergency hormone which helps the driver respond quickly and
accordingly.
The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it regulates many body
processes. The body needs certain hormones in different types of situations. In other
words, your endocrine glands do not release hormones continuously. Some signals within
your body tell each gland when to secrete hormones. There are also signals that tell the
gland to stop.
A good example of a gland that signals other glands to function is the pituitary
gland. For most living organisms, reproduction is basically a normal process controlled by
hormones. Even though human reproduction is also controlled by hormones, the process
is more complicated. Unlike other species such as plants and animals, you can make
decisions about reproduction. What can influence these decisions are your values,
emotions, expectations, and goals. However, like any other living things, humans depend
on reproduction for the survival of the species. If people stop to reproduce, the human
species will become extinct.
Figure 3.2 The pituitary and pineal glands
Source: www.google.com Labeled for Reuse

20. 19
ARE YOU CONTROLLING ME?
In this activity, identify the major endocrine glands in the body and their functions
Direction: Study each picture in the table that depicts the involvement of a certain gland in
the endocrine system. Complete the table by choosing the CAPITAL LETTER of the
endocrine part or gland and explain its effect in the appropriate column. Finally,
answer more guide questions to deepen your mastery on the topic.
A. Pancreas D. Adrenal Gland
B. Thymus Gland E. Ovaries
C. Pituitary Gland
Activity Illustration Part/Gland & the Effect
A kid eating candies
An ill person in bed
A boy growing taller
An ambulance driver beating
the time
Burning calories during
exercise
What’s More

21. 20
Guide Questions
A. Fill in the blanks to make the statements correct.
1. Which gland controls the other glands in the body?
The ______________ controls the output of the other glands in the body.
2. Which gland is located below the voice box?
The ______________ is located below the voice box.
3. Which gland is located on the thyroid glands?
The ______________ is located on the thyroid glands and produces
parathormone that increases blood calcium levels and normalizes bone
growth.
4. Which gland produces parathormone?
The ______________ produces parathormone that increases blood calcium
levels and normalizes bone growth.
5. Which organ is involved when the blood sugar becomes unstable?
The ______________ is involved when blood sugar level becomes unstable.
6. Which gland produces T-cells?
The ______________ enables the body to produce T- cells that help in fighting
infections and diseases.
7. Which gland can develop the adaptive immune system?
A person born without a ______________ will not develop an adaptive
immune system and may eventually die.
8. Which gland enables the body to produce energy?
The ______________produces adrenaline that enables the body to have
the energy in doing spontaneous work during emergency situations.
9. What type of pills control the functioning of the ovaries and uterus?
______________ pills contain hormones that control the functioning of the ovaries
and the uterus.
10. What hormones are responsible for milk production?
______________ and ______________ enable milk production which provides the
needed nourishment of a baby.
Direction: Answer the given question. (15 points)
Make a concept map about the Endocrine System.
What I Have Learned

22. 21
What I Can Do
DIFFERENTIATED TASK: AWESOME ENDOCRINOLOGIST
Direction: Choose only ONE TASK from the following choices:
A.Research about different medical conditions related with hormonal imbalance.
Record your data and make a multimedia presentation.
B. Make a canvas mural with a slogan regarding the effect of a particular hormone in
the body if not properly regulated.
C. Make a poster on the effect of a particular hormone in the body if not properly
regulated.
D. Compose a song with lyrics focusing on the effects of a particular hormone in the
body if not properly regulated.
E. Produce a newscast on the effect of a particular hormone in the body if not properly
regulated.
F. Write an essay about how health conditions can affect your life if you ever have
dysfunctions due to the effect of hormonal imbalance.
G.
RUBRIC FOR SELF-CHECK
(To be used by the teacher in rating the output)
Accuracy of the Content 30 %
Organization and Coherence of Idea 20 %
Clarity of the Message 20 %
Creativity 20 %
Completeness 10 %
TOTAL 100 %
Assessment
Directions: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer.
1. An organ that develops a secretion is a/an __________.
A. estrogen B. hormone C. gland D. progesterone
2. A _____________ is the chemical secretion of endocrine glands.
A. blood B. gland C. hormone D. vessel
3. The following are the functions of the endocrine system EXCEPT for ________.
A. mental development C. sexual development
B. physical development D. spiritual development
4. The gland that controls all the endocrine glands is the _________.
A. hypothalamus B. pituitary gland C. thalamus D. thyroid gland
5. The major glands in the body are the following EXCEPT for ______.
A. pituitary B. parathyroid C. thyroid D. thalamus
6. Which gland regulates the body metabolism?
A. pituitary B. parathyroid C. thyroid D. thalamus

23. 22
7. Which of the following controls maturation and the male characteristics?
A. adrenal B. ovaries C. pancreas D. testes
8. The ________influence female traits and support reproductive function.
A. adrenal B. ovaries C. pancreas D. testes
9. This plays an important role in both male and female reproductive systems.
A. estrogen B. hormone C. gland D. progesterone
10. Hormones can cause a series of chemical reactions within __________.
A. cell B. glands C. tissues D. target organs
11. Which of the following is known as the emergency hormone?
A. adrenalin B. androgen C. estrogen D. progesterone
12. It regulates the blood sugar level.
A. pancreas B. parathyroid C. pituitary D. thyroid
13. Which part enables the body to produce certain antibodies?
A. pituitary B. parathyroid C. thyroid D. thymus
14. Which of the following glands controls the calcium levels in the body and
normalizes bone growth?
A. pituitary B. parathyroid C. thyroid D. thymus
15. This contains a group of glands that releases hormones in the body.
A. Circulatory System C. Nervous System
B. Endocrine System D. Respiratory System
Multiple Choice. Select the correct answer. Write the CAPITAL LETTER only.
1. When does the reproductive system among humans become active? When an individual
A. grows taller. C. is in college.
B. is in high school D. reaches puberty.
2. Which of the following structures is responsible in producing sperm cells?
A. penis B. prostate gland C. scrotum D. testis
3. How can a sperm be ejected?
A. through ejaculation C. urination
B. when taking a bath D. blood circulation
4. It carries the sperm from the testes to the urethra.
A. scrotum B. testis C. seminal vesicle D. vas deferens
5. What is the process that causes the penis to enlarge and become firm?
A. ejaculation B. erection C. urination D. gestation
6. Which of the following is the neck of the uterus leading to the vaginal canal?
A. oviduct B. cervix C. endometrium D. hymen
7. A thin mucous membrane which covers the vaginal opening is called ___________.
A. endometrium B. ovary C. oviduct D. hymen
Assessment (Unit Test)

24. 23
8. It contains the external genitalia.
A. urethra C. vagina
B. vestibule D. mammary glands
9. Which of the following describes an egg cell?
A. gamete B. gonads C. chromosome D. zygote
10. What is the female organ for copulation?
A. ovary B. oviduct C. uterus D. vagina
11. This is known as the emergency hormone.
A. adrenalin B. androgen C. estrogen D. progesterone
12. Which of the following regulates the blood sugar level?
A. pancreas B. parathyroid C. pituitary D. thyroid
13. Which of the following enables the body to produce certain antibodies?
A. pituitary B. parathyroid C. thyroid D. thymus
14. It controls the calcium levels in the body and normalizes the bone growth.
A. pituitary B. parathyroid C. thyroid D. thymus
15. Which system contains a group of glands that release hormones in the body?
A. Circulatory System C. Nervous System
B. Endocrine System D. Respiratory System

25. 24
What
I
Know
1.
A
2.
D
3.
A
4.
B
5.
C
6.
B
7.
D
8.
A
9.
A
10.
C
11.
A
12.
A
13.
A
14.
B
15.
B
What's
More
1.
a
2.
b
3.
c
4.
d
5.
e
1.
Pituitary
Gland
2.
Thyroid
Gland
3.
Parathyroid
Gland
4.
Parathyroid
Gland
5.
Pancreas
6.
Thymus
Gland
7.
Thymus
Gland
8.
Adrenal
Gland
9.
Birth
Control
10.
Oxytocin
and
Prolactin
What
I
Know
1.
C
2.
C
3.
D
4.
D
5.
D
6.
C
7.
D
8.
B
9.
B
10.
D
11.
A
12.
A
13.
D
14.
B
15.
B
ASSESSMENT
1.
D
2.
D
3.
A
4.
A
5.
B
6.
B
7.
D
8.
A
9.
A
10.
C
11.
A
12.
A
13.
D
14.
B
15.
B
What
I
Know
1.
D
2.
D
3.
A
4.
A
5.
B
6.
A
7.
A
8.
A
9.
B
10.
B
11.
C
12.A
13.
A
14.
D
15.A
Answer Key
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3