Download to read offline
![Ecology_Chapt_5[1].pptx](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/ecologychapt51-220827093138-ae3aa5ac-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
Science-of-ecosystems. Understanding ecosystem pptx
- 1.
- 2. ECOSYSTEM • A GEOGRAPHICAREA WHERE PLANTS, ANIMALS, AND OTHER ORGANISMS, AS WELL AS WEATHER AND LANDSCAPE, WORK TOGETHER TO FORM A BUBBLE OF LIFE. ECOSYSTEMS CONTAIN BIOTIC OR LIVING, PARTS, AS WELL AS ABIOTIC FACTORS, OR NONLIVING PARTS. BIOTIC FACTORS INCLUDE PLANTS, ANIMALS, AND OTHER ORGANISMS. ABIOTIC FACTORS INCLUDE ROCKS, TEMPERATURE, AND HUMIDITY.
- 4. ENERGY FLOW INECOSYSTEM
- 5. FOOD CHAIN • PATHWAYOF ENERGY TRANSFER • PRIMARY PRODUCERS, PRIMARY CONSUMERS, SECONDARY CONSUMERS AND SO ON UNTIL DECOMPOSERS • STEPS IN A FOOD CHAIN IS CALLED TROPHIC LEVEL
- 6. FOOD WEB • THECOMPLEXITY OF INTERACTIONS BY INDICATING ALL THE SPECIES THAT PARTICIPATE IN THE ENERGY TRANSFER AT EACH TROPHIC LEVEL
- 7.
- 8.
- 11. BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES • CARBON-OXYGENCYCLE • NITROGEN CYCLE • PHOSPHORUS CYCLE • SULFUR CYCLE • WATER CYCLE • NUTRIENT CYCLE
- 12.
- 13.
- 14.
- 15.
- 16.
- 17.
- 18. PATTERNS OF TERRESTRIALVEGETATION • LATITUDE- NATURE OF SOLAR INPUT CHANGES FROM THE EQUATOR TO THE POLES • CLIMATE-LIMITED BY TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE EFFECTS • ALTITUDE-DECREASING AIR PRESSURE AT HIGHER ALTITUDE CAUSING TO DECREASE TEMPERATURE
- 19. BIOME AND FLORA •BIOME- MAJOR TERRESTRIAL UNIT OF VEGETATION • FLORA- SET OF PLANT SPECIES LIVING IN THE BIOME
- 20.
- 21. TUNDRA • TREELESS PLAIN •NORTHERN (ALPINE TUNDRA) AND SOUTH HEMISPHERE (ARCTIC TUNDRA) • VEGETATION COMPRISES OF PLANTS IN LOW GROUND LIKE SHRUBS AND GRASSES • CLIMATE IS SEVERE. WINTER TEMPERATURES MAY DROP UNTIL -30C DURING THE SIX MONTHS OF DARKNESS
- 23. TAIGA/ BOREAL FOREST •LAND OF LITTLE STICKS • LIES AT THE SOUTH OF ARCTIC TUNDRA • CONIFEROUS TREES ARE DOMINANT FLORA • EXTREME TEMPERATURES FOR SUMMER +30C AND WINTER -50C
- 25. DESERT • VEGETATION CONSISTOF SMALL, SHRUBBY PLANTS LIKE CACTI OR COMPLETELY BARREN • FOUND IN CHILE, AFRICA, MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AMERICA • CLIMATE IS UNPREDICTABILITY OF RAINFALL
- 27. CHAPARRAL • SHRUB-DOMINATED COMMUNITY •CHARACTERIZED BY WINTER RAINFALL AND SUMMER DROUGHT • FOUND IN AREAS WITH INSUFFICIENT PRECIPITATION (SOUTHERN EUROPE, NORTHERN AFRICA, CALIFORNIA, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA)
- 29. GRASSLAND • FOUND INNORTH AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, ASIA AND AFRICA • IT CAN ALSO BE CLASSIFIED AS PRAIRIE OR SAVANNA
- 31. DECIDUOUS FOREST • COMPOSEDOF TREES THAT DROP THEIR LEAVES SEASONALLY • TEMPERATURES ARE MILD ALL YEAR BUT PRECIPITATION IS SEASONAL • FOUND IN NORTH AMERICA, SOUTHERN CANADA AND NORTHERN UNITED STATES
- 33. TROPICAL FOREST • FORESTTHAT GROW NEAR THE EQUATOR • TEMPERATURES ARE HIGH AND RELATIVELY CONSTANT OVER THE COURSE OF THE YEAR • CHARACTERIZED BY MORE EXTENSIVE GROWTH OF TREES
- 35. FRESHWATER AND MARINEECOSYSTEMS •WETLANDS •MARSHES •SWAMPS •OPEN OCEAN •HYDROTHERMAL VENTS •ROCKY INTERTIDAL ZONES •SALT MARSHES •ESTUARIES •MANGROVE •CORAL REEFS
- 36. SUMMARY • ECOSYSTEM ISWHERE INTERACTION OF BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC FACTORS TOOK PLACE • ENERGY TO DRIVE ECOSYSTEM DERIVED FROM THE SUN • THE PATHWAY OF ENERGY FLOW IS CALLED FOOD CHAIN. INTERLOPING FOOD CHAINS ARE CALLED FOOD WEBS • MOVEMENT OF MATERIALS IN ECOSYSTEMS ARE CYCLIC • THE REGIONAL CLIMATE DETERMINES THE NATURE OF THE PRECIPITATION AND TEMPERATURE • THE MAJOR TERRESTRIAL UNITS OF VEGETATION IS CALLED BIOME • AQUATIC SYSTEMS ARE DIVIDED INTO TWO FUNDAMENTAL GROUPS: FRESHWATER AND MARINE
- 37. REFERENCES • STANLEY, M.(2022). ECOSYSTEMS. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC. NATIONALGEOGRAPHIC.ORG/ENCYCLOPEDIA/ECOSYSTEM/PRINT/#:~:TEXT=POWERED%20BY-,AN %20ECOSYSTEM%20IS%20A%20GEOGRAPHIC%20AREA%20WHERE%20PLANTS%2C%20ANIMALS %2C%20AND,%2C%20ANIMALS%2C%20AND%20OTHER%20ORGANISMS. • KROHNE, D. (2012) GENERAL ECOLOGY. 2ND EDITION. CENGAGE LEARNING ASIA PTE LTD.