SCIENCE 4_Q2_Mod1.pdf

1
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park Antonio
J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila
SCIENCE 4
TheFoundationoftheHumanBody:
Major Body Organs
Quarter 2- Week 1- SLeM 1
Most Essential Learning Competency: Describe
the Main Function of the Major Organs
S4LT-IIa-b-1

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Module 8: Describe the Main
Function of the Major Organs
HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Before you start answering the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb
you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully enjoy the
objectives of this kit. Have fun!
1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this module.
2. Write on your notebook or any writing pad the concepts about the lessons. Writing
enhances learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!
PARTS OF THE MODULE
 Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the lessons
in the module.
 Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be mastered
throughout the lesson.
 Looking Back - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you understand
from the previous lesson.
 Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
 Activities - These are activities designed to develop critical thinking and other
competencies. This can be done with or without a partner depending on the nature of
the activity.
 Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the lessons.
 Checking your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson.
 Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire module.

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EXPECTATIONS…
Are you taking care of yourself lately? Well, this module will be a great
help for you to know the wonder of the Main Internal Organs of the Human
Body. For sure, you will be equipped with more knowledge on how to take care
of your body.
This module is divided into six lessons, namely:
Lesson 1 - Bones and muscles
Lesson 2 - Stomach and Intestines
Lesson 3 - Kidneys
Lesson 4 - Heart and Lungs
Lesson 5 - Brain
After going through this module, you are expected to:
Describe the structure of the major internal organs of the human body.
Enumerate the different functions and ailments of each major internal organ.
Identify ways on how to take care of the different internal organs of the
body.
Explain the importance of practicing proper health habits.

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PRETEST…
A. Directions: Read each item carefully and choose your best
answer.
1. What is the function of pelvic bones? Support the body when you .
A. Stand B. Sit C. Run D. Walk
2. What organ is protected by the skull?
A. Heart B. Lungs C. Brain D. Liver
3. The final digestion takes place in the .
A. Large Intestine C. Small Intestine
B. Stomach D. Rectum
4. The are bean-shaped paired organs which are about 4-5 inches long and 2-3
inches wide.
A. Kidneys B. Liver C. Heart D. Lungs
5. What gets into your body when you inhale the air?
A. Carbon Dioxide C. Oxygen
B. Carbon Monoxide D. Copper
6. What organ controls the voluntary activities of the body like thinking, solving problems,
memorizing and decision making?
A. Heart C. Lungs
B. Brain D. Stomach
B. Directions: Check at least four proper ways in taking care of our body.
A. Exercise daily. C. Get enough rest.
B. Drink 8-12 glasses of water. D. Eat too much fatty foods.
E. Have a positive outlook in life. F. Carry heavy loads.
Awesome, you finished
answering the test. You may ask your
facilitator to check your work. tfery nice
keep on learning!

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LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON…
FIXIN’ IT – SENSE ORGANS OF THE HUMAN BODY
Directions: Unscramble the letters to form a word using the clues given.
SCRAMBLED
LETTERS
CLUES ANSWER
S E E Y Organ used for seeing
O S N E Organ used for smelling
A R S E Organ used for hearing
U E G N T O Organ used for tasting
N K I S Organ used for touching
BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Lesson
BONES AND MUSCLES
1
LET’S LEARN…
Hi there! I’m Teacher Marlnie. I will tour you
inside the human body are you ready? Let’s go
This is our first stop, the Bones and Muscles
Have you wonder why we can walk, run, or move our
mouth when me are chewing foods? Here it is…
Our body structure is
supported by bones, it
protects our vital organs
and allows us to move.
Most importantly the
bones have marrows
where the blood cells are
produced.
Organs are muscles. It is the
one responsible for
circulation, respiration,
digestion, urination, organ
protection, temperature
regulation, stability,
posture and mobility.

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Materials:
ACTIVITY 1.1
Prepare the following materials and make a
model of bones and muscles.
Tape or thread old newspaper or magazine Recycled paper
Procedure:
1. Trace your hand to the old newspaper or magazine and cut it for you to have a hand
pattern.
2. Form a bone like structure of your fingers using the recycled paper.
3. Tape or use the thread to attach the recycled paper on the hand pattern of each finger
Guide Questions:
1. What made your hand made of paper become firmer or stronger?
2. Can you now, tell the importance of bones to our body?
ACTIVITY 1.2
Using the words from the box, fill in the missing spaces
to complete the paragraph aboutbones and muscles.
Bones and Muscles
Our skeletons are very useful. They have three functions, (1) ,
support and (2) . The (3) protects our brains, the
(4) protect our heart and lungs. Without (5) our bodies
would collapse. Bones are connected by (6) . Muscles usually work in
(7) . Cartilage protects the bones and allows them to move (8)_ .
ribs skeletons joints move joints skull
movement bones easily protection expanding pairs
REMEMBER…
 The skeleton gives framework to the human body. There are different bones in
our body like skull, ribs, backbones, and pelvic bones.
 Joint is the point where two bones meet.
 Muscles enable our body to move. We have voluntary and involuntary muscles.
 Voluntary muscles are muscles which we can control while involuntary muscles
are muscles you cannot control.
CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING…
1. What are the important bones in our body?
2. Why is our body made up of different types of bones and muscles?
3. How do muscles help the bones move?
4. What are you going to do to take good care of your bones?
5. How will you help the elderly in your family in order for them to avoid having
weak bones?

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BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Lesson
STOMACH AND INTESTINES
2
LET’S LEARN…
Who wants to eat? We get our energy from the
food we eat, but have you wonder what happens to
the food we eat when we swallow it?? Let’s go and
find out to our next station. The stomach and the
intestines.
That is the stomach its main
function is to store and digest
the food we eat. It has enzymes
pepsin and acid that breaks
down and extract the nutrients
from the food.
Small intestine has
tissues that absorbs most of
the nutrients and minerals
from the food we eat and
drink.
Where do undigested food go? Well, large intestine or
colon absorbs water from wastes which create stool or
undigested food or feces and goes out to the end of the
large intestine which is called rectum.

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Yarn or thread 2 pcs Paper clip Folder Recycled paper
Procedure:
1. Cut the folder into two and fold it forming side by side walls that will look like the
intestines. Use the other half of the folder and form a structure of stomach
2. Crumple the recycled paper into a three different sizes that will serve as the food we
and tie it to the yarn.
3. Put the yarn in the paper clip and make sure that it is tied on the top of the stomach
and it is movable. Pull the yarn from the stomach model thru the intestine.
Guide Questions:
1. What happen to the food as it goes down to the stomach?
2. Why is it important to chew the food properly? Explain.
3. As you perform the activity, what did you realize about the stomach and the
intestines? Explain.
ACTIVITY 2.2
Arrange the following statements according to the process of
digestion and absorption of food in the body. Number each of the
steps according to the sequence it occurs.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Water is absorbed.
Food is broken into small pieces
Nutrients pass through the blood stream
Waste are removed from the body.
Food is liquefied and digested into forms that cell can use.
Answer the following:
1. Why is it important to eat on time?
2. What would be the effect of not chewing the food properly?
REMEMBER…
The two important parts of the digestive system are the stomach and the intestines.
The stomach is the one who breaks down food into smaller particles while the small
intestines absorbs the nutrients. Other parts of the digestive system are mouth,
esophagus, large intestine, rectum and anus.
1. List down names of foods that you usually eat at home.
2. What parts of the body change the food we eat before it will be absorbed by our body cells?
3. What should be done to the food you eat before it can be used by the body for growth?
4. How would you help your stomach and intestine work properly?
5. What type of food will you eat to help your body healthy?
ACTIVITY 2.1
Prepare the following materials and make a model
of the stomach and intestines.
Materials

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BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Lesson
KIDNEYS
3
LET’S LEARN…
Where do you get your drinking water? Is it directly from
the faucet or from the water station near you? Well let’s see
the connection of this to our next journey the Kidney.
Most people know that a major function of the kidneys is to
remove waste products and excess fluid from the body.
These waste products and excess fluid are removed through
the urine
Each kidney has a very complex
structure and function. They
have two important
functions namely: to flush out
harmful and toxic waste
products and to maintain
balance of water, fluids,
. minerals and chemicals i.e.,
electrolytes such as sodium,
potassium.
Kidneys are two
bean-shaped organs
in the renal system.
They help the body
pass waste as urine.
They also help filter
blood before sending
it back to the heart.
ACTIVITY 3.1
Materials:
Let’s create a model in order to further understand
the role of kidneys as filtering system of the body.
Towel Plastic bottle Cloth Table napkin
Cotton ½ cup of water½ cup of nuts of various size
½ cup of consist of rock salt, mongo seeds and sugar, choco powder
Procedure:
1. Use a folder and cut it in a bean shape.
2. Insert the straw in the bottle cap.
3. Put the following inside the bottle: towel, cloth, tissue, cotton.
4. Mix the following in a separate cup: rock salt, mongo seeds, sugar, and choco
powder.
5. Pour the mixture in the plastic bottle and record your observation.

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Guide Questions:
1. Which material filters the smallest particle of the mixture?
2. How can you relate the model to the filtering of the blood in the body?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A. 20, 8, 5 11,9,4,14,5,25 18,5,13,15,22,5,19 23,1,19,20,5
6,18,15,13 20,8,5 2,15,4,25
B. 20, 8, 5 21, 18, 9, 14, 1, 18, 25 19, 25, 19, 20, 5, 13
11, 5, 5, 16, 19 1 19, 20, 1, 2, 12, 5 2, 1, 12, 1, 14, 3, 5
19, 1, 12, 20 9, 14 20, 8, 5 2, 12, 15, 15, 4
C. 20, 8, 5 6, 9, 12, 20, 5, 18, 9, 14, 7 21, 14, 9, 20 9, 19
3, 1, 12, 12, 5, 4 14, 5, 16, 8, 18, 15, 14, 19
REMEMBER…
The kidneys are bean-shaped paired organs. The right kidney is slightly lower due
to the presence of liver. The main function of the kidney is they filter the blood from
liquid wastes. They also balance the slats and other substances in the blood.
1. What are the functions of the kidneys?
2. What makes the right kidney slightly lower than our left kidney?
3. What do you think would happen to our body if we have no kidneys?
4. How will you help your kidney for it to perform well?
5. What will you tell your brother or sister about the importance of their kidneys?
ACTIVITY 3.2
Seems that there is a need for us to reveal something.
Decode the message using the table below.

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BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Lesson
HEART AND LUNGS
4
LET’S LEARN…
Breathe in, breathe out, it is so relaxing to inhale and
exhale but how does our body do that? Come and join
me as we travel to this organ the Heart and Lungs.
Heart is a hollow muscular
organ that pumps blood to all
parts of the body. It is the one
that collects and delivers the
oxygen and carbon dioxide in
Lungs is located near the heart and it is protected by the rib
cage. Its main function is to filter the oxygen that enters the
body to ensure that the heart receives clean oxygen. Carbon
dioxide is a waste material that is removed by the body
through the lungs. It expands as it inhales and contract as it
exhales.

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A. Pumping Heart
Materials:
3 plastic cups or bottle 2 movable straws red colored water
Procedure:
1. Place the three bottles in the table horizontally.
2. Put a small hole in two plastic bottle cap and cover the two bottles half-filled with
red colored water
3. Put the straw in each bottle connecting it to each other. Make sure that the last
bottle has no cap.
4. Gently press the middle part of the plastic bottle.
5. See to it that the red colored water from the half-filled water will transfer to the
empty plastic bottle.
Guide Questions:
1. What does the activity show? Explain.
2. How does the water transfer to the other empty plastic bottle?
3. Explain how this model displays the work of the heart in our body
B. Working Lungs
Materials:
1 plastic bottle with cap 3 balloons 2 plastic straws
Procedure:
1. Cut the plastic bottle into mid half.
2. Put a small hole in the plastic bottle cap.
3. Cut at least one piece of 4 inches long straw and two pieces 3 inches long straw.
4. Hold the 4 inches long straw and put a little cut in both sides where the two pieces
3 inches long straw will fit.
5. Place the balloon on the two straws and insert the lung model in the bottle. Put a
balloon at the bottom of the bottle and pull it.
Guide Questions:
1. What happens to the balloon inside the bottle as the other balloon at the bottom of
the bottle is pulled? How does the air fill the balloons inside the bottle?
2. Explain how this model displays the work of the lungs in our body.
ACTIVITY 4.1
Improvised model of heart and lungs is possible.
We will see how it works. Come on let’s start!

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Direction: Fill-in the blanks with the correct word.
A. The heart is a hollow muscular 1. located near the 2.
and is protected by the 3. . Its size is about
the size of your 4. . It is made up of
5. muscles which is an example of an 6.
muscle. Its function is to pump 7.
to the different parts of the body. The blood carries the 8.
needed by the different parts of the body. If the heart
will stop pumping, the person will 9. .
B. The lungs are located near the 1. and is protected by the 2.
. It filters the 3. that enters the
body to ensure that that the 4. receives clean 5.
. 6. is a waste material that is
removed by the body through the 7. .
REMEMBER…
 The organ which pumps blood to the different parts of the body.
 When we exercise the heart pumps faster therefore distributing more nutrients
to the different parts of the body.
 The lungs help in supplying oxygen and getting rid of carbon dioxide in our
body.
1. What is the main function of the heart and lungs?
2. How does exercise help our heart?
3. What do you think will happen to people who frequently smoke?
4. What do you think will happen to children who frequently inhale smoke
from cigarettes?
5. What should we do in order to have a healthy heart and lungs?
ACTIVITY 4.2
Amazing! Now, to deepen your understanding
about the works of the Heart and Lungs let us
figure this out.

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BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Lesson
BRAIN
5
LET’S LEARN
Our body is like a computer where there is a
control center and all information and
commands are stored. Do you know what organ
is it? Amazing! Now let’s proceed to the wonder
of the Brain.
Brain process
information and receive
and send instructions to
the different parts of the
body.
Here is why brain is considered as the control center of
the body
 It controls the voluntary activities of the body like
thinking, solving problems, and memorizing
details and decision making.
 It controls the muscle movement of our body like
walking and writing.
 It coordinates muscular actions.
 It is responsible for man’s ability to learn habits
and develop skills.
 It helps maintain a person’s sense of balance.

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It’s time to tickle our minds. Let’s have some
brain teasers. Figure it out and think twice.
1. 2. 3.
Materials:
ACTIVITY 5.1
What Makes Us Respond to Stimuli?
Ruler Pencil Stone or any object that can be easily grasps
Procedure:
1. Look for a partner. Ask your partner to drop an object while you will catch it
immediately before it reaches the floor. (take turns for three times)
2. Notice your observations.
Guide Questions:
1. What is the reaction of your partner after you dropped an object? What were your
observations?
2. How fast did your partner catch the object?
3. What made your partner respond to the action of dropping the object?
4. What is the function of the brain?
ACTIVITY 5.2
4.
REMEMBER…
5.
 The human brain is a highly complex organ. It helps in controlling voluntary
activities like thinking, solving problems, memorizing and decision making. It also
controls the muscle movement of our body like walking and writing. The main function
of the brain is to process information it receives and send instructions to the different
parts of the body.
1. What is the function of the brain?
2. What will you do if the angry dog barks at you?
3. Why do you immediately remove your hand if you touched a hot object?
4. What makes you cry? Why?
5. What could be your possible reaction when you hear a rock music?

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POST TEST…
A. Directions: Multiple Choice: Circle the letter of the correct answer.
1. The is composed of the kidney.
A. Skeletal system C. muscular system
B. Urinary system D. digestive system
2. An organ whose main function is to remove liquid waste from the blood in the form
of urine.
A. Heart B. Kidney C. intestine D. lungs
3. It is a bean-shaped paired organ which are about four to five inches long and two to
three inches wide.
A. Stomach B. lungs C. heart D. kidney
4. The kidney removes urea from the blood through tiny filters called .
A. Neurons B. nephrons C. Neptune D. newton
5. is a hollow muscular organ located near the lungs and is protected by the rib
cage.
A. Lungs B. liver C. heart D.stomach
6. The heart is made up of muscles which is an example of an involuntary
muscle.
A. Skeletal B. smooth C. cardiac D. rough
7. The heart’s function is to .
A. Pump blood to the different parts of the body.
B. Remove waste from the blood.
C. Digest food.
D. Enable us to stand.
8. The lungs’ function is to .
A. Remove waste from the blood. C. Digest food.
B. Enable us to stand. D. Filter the oxygen that enters the
body.
9. is a waste material that is removed by the body through the lungs.
A. oxygen B. gas C. carbon dioxide D. carbon oxide
10. Its main function is to process information and receive and send instructions to the
different parts of the body.
A. Brain B. kidneys C. skeleton D. lungs

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How will I take good
care of my Digestive
System?
What is my
conclusion to this
lesson?
What did I learn? How will I use it in
the future?
Which part of the
lesson is difficult?
What I have learned
in this lesson?


I learned about the .
It has parts , , ,
, and . Then I also realized that .
 How will you show your care on my Stomach and Intestines?
REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEETS
BONES AND MUSCLES
Directions: Write a reflective learning on Bones and Muscles by answering the questions
inside the box. You may express your answers in a critical and creative presentation of your
great learning. Have fun and enjoy!
What learnings I have
found from this
lesson?
What learnings can I
share with my peers
and family?
How can I take care
of my Bones and
Muscles?
STOMACH AND INTESTINES
Directions: Write a reflective learning on Stomach and Intestines by summarizing what you
have learned in this lesson.
KIDNEYS
Directions: Write a reflective learning on Kidneys by answering the questions inside the
circles.
HEART AND LUNGS
Directions: Write a reflective learning on Heart and Lungs. Answer the questions inside each
heart.
BRAIN
Directions: Write a reflective learning on Brain. Answer the question inside each box.
What learnings have I
found in the lesson?
What learnings can I
share with my peers and
family?
What is my conclusion on
the lesson?

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Writer: MARLNIE T. DELA CRUZ, Lapu-Lapu Elementary School
NORLANI T. OCADO, Gen. Gregorio Del Pilar Elem. School
IRWIN M. ISAAC, F.G. Calderon Elementary School
Editor: JONATHAN P. DEREZ, Public School District Supervisor
Reviewer: REBECCA M. ROXAS, Education Program Supervisor
Management Team: MARIA MAGDALENA M. LIM-Schools Division
Superintendent-Manila, AIDA H. RONDILLA-Chief Education Supervisor,
LUCKY S. CARPIO-Education Program Supervisor, LADY HANNAH C
GILLO-Librarian II-LRMS
REFERENCES
Books:
 Grade Four, Science Teacher’s Guide, Lexicon Press Inc.
 Grade Four, Science Learner’s Material Lexicon Press Inc.
 Grade Four, Understanding Life Through Science Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Electronic Sources:
https://www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/humanlesson08activity1
https://kids.playquiz2win.com/class-4/digestion-of-food-class-4/
https://www.slideshare.net/mariejajaroa/common-bone-and-muscle-injuries-65671073

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ANSWER KEY
PRE TEST
A. 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B
B. A, B, C, E
LESSON 1
ACTIVITY 1.1
Guide Questions
1. The recycled paper made into a bone made the paper hand firmer.
2. The bones in our body gives us support. It helps us become
stronger and be able to stand upright.
ACTIVITY 1.2
1. PROTECTION 2. MOVEMENT 3. SKULL 4. RIBS
5. SKELETONS 6. JOINTS 7. PAIRS 8. EASILY
LOOKING BACK TO YOUR
LESSON
1. EYES 2. NOSE
3. EARS 4. TONGUE 5. SKIN
LESSON 2
ACTIVITY 2.1
Guide Questions
1. The food is digested or turned into smaller pieces.
2. It is important to chew the food properly so that the stomach can digest it well.
3. The stomach and the intestines help in the absorption of nutrients in foods.
ACTIVITY2.2
a. 4 b. 1 c. 3 d. 5 e. 2
B. Answer the following:
1. It is important to eat on time in order for our body to get the nutrients it need.
2. If you do not chew your food properly, your stomach will have a hard time digesting the food youeat.
LESSON 3
ACTIVITY 3.1
Guide Questions
1. The towel filters the smallest particle in the
experiment.
2. The model shows that when the blood enters
the kidneys toxins are filtered.
ACTIVITY 3.2
A. The Kidney removes the waste from the
body.
B. The Urinary System keeps a stable balance
salt in the blood.
C. The filtering unit is called Nephrons.
LESSON 4
ACTIVITY 4.1
Guide Questions
A. 1. The activity shows how our heart functions. They
pump blood to all parts of our body.
2. By pressing the bottle, the water will flow through the
straw going to the other bottle.
3. This shows the importance of heart in pumping blood
to the different parts of the body.
B. 1. As you pull down the balloon at the bottom, the
balloons inside inflate or become bigger. The air goes
inside as you pull the bottom balloon.
2. The diaphragm helps the lungs in getting air inside it.
LESSON 4 LESSON 5
ACTIVITY 5.1
Guide Questions
1. My partner caught it immediately. He has some reflex
actions.
2. The brain helped in the movement of his arm to be able
to catch the object.
3. His reflex action through the command of thebrain
made him respond in time.
4. The brain is the command center of the body.
ACTIVITY 5.2
1. WALK IN THE PARK 2. MISUNDERSTOOD
3. ONE IN A MILLLION 4. LOOKING BACKWARD
5. YOU’RE UNDER ARREST
POSTTEST
1. B
2. B
3. D
4. B
5. C
6. C
7. A
8. D
9. C
10. A
ACTIVITY 4.2
A. 1. ORGAN 2. LUNGS 3.
RIBS 4. FIST 5. CARDIAC
6. INVOLUNTARY 7.
BLOOD
8. OXYGEN 9. DIE
B. 1. HEART 2. RIBS
3. AIR 4. BODY
5. OXYGEN 6. CARBON
DIOXIDE 7. LUNGS

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