A water audit for a school involves measuring water consumption from all sources, identifying leaks and wastage, calculating usage, and developing a conservation plan. Students map water flows, measure usage at different points, and analyze patterns to pinpoint problems. They then discuss solutions like fixing leaks, adopting low-flow fixtures, harvesting rainwater, and raising awareness. The audit is an educational exercise that can reduce the school's bills while instilling responsible water usage.

1. Water is life
Virtually everything we do or use each day involves
water. Yet, we do not give it the importance that is
due to it. India will soon be a water-stressed country
and we all need to work towards our water security.
Simple actions can be adopted to reduce the
wastage of water and use it wisely.
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2. Water audit for
a school
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3. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
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–
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What is a Water Audit?
How does it help?
Importance of Water Audit
Myths
Audit types
• AUDIT PROCESS
– Conducting Audits – First Steps
– Measurements, Water Consumption
– Water consumption Pattern
• MOVING AHEAD
– Identifying and Fixing the Problem
– Water Conservation
– Awareness
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4. Definition: Water Audit is a qualitative and quantitative
analysis of water consumption to identify means of
Reducing, Reusing and Recycling of water.
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

5. HOW DOES IT HELP?
• A water audit can help save money by reducing school water
bills
• Water conservation helps our cities – Cities are stressed for
water resources.
• A water audit will help reduce wastage and unnecessary use.
• It makes the students more aware and responsible.
• A water audit can be a student project that encompasses a
number of subjects
INTRODUCTION
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AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

6. DID YOU KNOW?
It is possible to cut your
water usage by 10-30% by
implementing simple
conservation measures
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

7. IMPORTANCE OF WATER AUDIT
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May yield some surprising results
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Easier to work on solutions when the problems are identified
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Systematic process
A tracking mechanism can be put into place
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

8. MYTHS
Doesn’t compromise on quality of water
Doesn’t make water a priority over studies
Doesn't require the student to stay beyond school hours
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

9. AUDIT PROCESS
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10. AUDIT PROCESS
Measurements
Implementation
Calculations
Planning and process finalization
Zeroing in on conservation
steps that can be taken
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Discussions
Audit observations
Report
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

11. Decide the time period of
your water audit
1 day/yr,
1 wk/yr,
1 month/yr,
1 day/Season
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

12. FIRST STEPS
MEASUREMENTS
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

13. MEASUREMENTS- SUPPLY
What are the sources of water for the school ?
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•
•
•
•
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Municipal supply
Bore well
Dug well
Tankers
Others
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

14. FIRST STEPS- MEASUREMENTS
Estimate the quantity of water supplied from each source
Bore well and Dug well supplies…
1. Measure flow rate ( time taken to fill a 10 litre
bucket at the outlet of the pump.)
2. Keep a track of number of hours the pump is on in a
day (record every day of the week for two weeks).
3. Use these two to calculate the quantity of water
withdrawn
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

15. MEASUREMENTS- SUPPLY
Estimate the quantity of water supplied from each source
Municipal Supply
Tabulate monthly municipal water supply (from bills)
for the past three years in the supply tracking sheet
For tankers….
Using bills, tabulate the amount of water received
on a monthly basis using the supply tracking sheet
Tabulate consumption patterns and depict
using graphical tools
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

16. FIRST STEPS- MEASUREMENTS
Map the water points and usage areas
• Draw a plan of the school premises showing the building and main features.
• Mark the water supply inlets and storage tanks
Municipal supply
Bore well
Dug well
Tankers
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

17. FIRST STEPS- MEASUREMENTS
•Mark all water points (toilets, hand wash points, Sinks in labs,
drinking water fountains, canteen, irrigation taps, water meters,
pumps etc.
•Identify each point with an alphanumeric code
•Colour code freshwater and waste water lines
• Mark where the waste water goes.
• Mark the storm water drain system in the premises, if any.
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

18. L- OUTLET
MUNCIPALITY SEWER
L- INLET
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
DRAIN PIPE
GT1 GT2 GT3 GT4
BT- INLET
GT- INLET
LAB
BT- OUTLET
WASH
GT- OUTLET
WASH
BOYS TOILET
GIRLS TOILET
BT1 BT2
BT3 BT4
DRINKING
TAP
DN1
WATER INLET
GARDEN
WATER TANK
C- INLET
WATER TANK
Municipal supply
Bore well
Dug well
Tankers
CT1 CT2 CT3
C- OUTLET
PUMP HOUSE
UNDERGROUND SUMP
KITCHEN
DRAIN PIPE
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

19. FIRST
19 STEPS- MEASUREMENTS
DRAW A WATER FLOW CHART
Supply
Underground Sump
Overhead Tank
Washing
W1 W2 Wn
Toilets
T1 T2 Tn
Sewage
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Gardening
G1 G2 Gn
Drinking
D1 D2 Dn
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

20. Calculations :
water
consumption
• Can you meter water consumption at various inlet
points?
• Meters are expensive.
• Can you purchase one meter and use it in rotation to
monitor water use at different locations?
• If you cannot afford a meter, use surveys, observations
and calculations
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

21. Calculations:
water consumption
Estimating Water use without a meter
Calculate the quantity of water that flows
out through each tap.
• Calculate the flow of water using a measuring jar
and a stop watch.
• Monitor / survey the time for which the tap is open
in a day.
• Fill this data in the consumption tracking sheet.
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

22. Calculations: Water Consumption
• To calculate flow of toilets, turn off the water supply to
the toilet, mark the water line on the inside of the tank,
flush and then fill the tank with water from mug.
• Measure the volume of one mug and record number of
mugs required to fill water back up to the water line mark.
• Monitor / survey the number of times each toilet is used.
•Fill this data in the consumption tracking sheet.
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

23. INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD
Calculations:
water consumption
Estimating Water use without a meter
• Follow similar procedures to estimate water use at each water
outlet.
• The consumption tracking sheet will help you calculate the
total quantity of water used in a day.
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24. AUDIT OBSERVATIONS
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25. SUPPLY INPUT
Speak to the person in charge of the
water valves and pumps.
• Is water usage planned or is pump switched on when water
levels in the tank are low?
• What monitoring mechanisms are in place to check tank overflow?
• How often does the tank overflow?
• How much water is wasted each time the tank overflows?
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

26. FIXTURES AND FITTINGS
• At each water outlet point
make a note of:
• Type of fixture (dual flush toilet, capacity
of flush tank, type of tap spring-loaded /
screw type / lever, etc.)
• Notice condition of fixtures – dirty,
stuck, leaking, broken etc.
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

27. ANALYSIS
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AND REPORT

28. WATER
CONSUMPTION
PATTERN
When tabulating the consumption patterns, you may come
across varied results from the normal.
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

29. 28
Consumption of water in winter may be less
Consumption of water in summer just before the holidays
may be high
Rainy season – you might not consume water for
gardening purpose
Exams, Weekends and Holidays – water consumption
is likely to be less
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Allow for variations due to the above reasons when
you are analysing the tabulated results
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

30. INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD
Quantify water use in a Flowchart
Supply
X
Underground Sump
Overhead Tank
Y = ?X
0.4Y
0.3Y
0.25Y
Washing
Toilets
Gardening
Drinking
Leaks
Leaks
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0.05Y
Sewage

31. INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD
IS THERE A PROBLEM?
Ideal scenario : no losses
Average scenario : 15 – 30% losses
There is a problem : losses > 30%
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32. MOVING AHEAD
DISCUSSIONS
AND TAKING THE RIGHT STEPS
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33. FIRST, FIX THE PROBLEMS
Leaks and overflow
• Identify the points where there are losses
• Identify the solutions
• Assign the responsibility for implementation.
• Implement the solutions
• Prepare a Monitoring schedule
• Assign a person for monitoring.
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

34. WAYS TO
CONSERVE
WATER
1. Represent water
usage graphically
2. Identify areas where
water can be conserved
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3. Conduct
Group discussions
and brainstorming sessions
4. List down your
Suggestions for each area
where water is used
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

35. WAYS TO CONSERVE WATER
Garden
Keep a check on hoses in the garden
Try out efficient devices like the spray nozzles
Drip Irrigation
Plant native plants that require less water
Change the ground surfaces and vegetation to control run
off in the school grounds
Water the roots of the plant and don't splash water all around
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

36. WAYS TO CONSERVE WATER
Toilets and washing points
• Reduce the flush water volume in toilets.
• Replace single flush cisterns with dual
flush
• Install low flow fixtures for taps.
Install a rainwater harvesting system and use the
water for toilets, cleaning floors and gardening.
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

37. Suggest solutions for these
spaces.
TOILET
LAB
Can the water from the wash
area be diverted to the garden
area for watering the plants ?
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WASH
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

38. AWARENESS
1. Create interesting
awareness programmes.
2. Praise the water audit
and water conservation
teams during assembly.
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3. Request students not to
play with water taps.
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

39. DARWIN ADVISES
• Analyze your situation
for the pieces that fit.
• Everything evolves, including
water conservation programs.
• Learn from other schools what
works and what doesn’t.
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• Document….document….
to disseminate it to others.
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD