Satyakii_Internship_Report_

Government of India
Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation
National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
(Field Operations Division)
Regional Office, Burdwan
Internship Report
(From 15th May-14th July, 2015)
Satyakii Sur
M.Sc. Statistics
University of Hyderabad
Internship Coordinator:
(Sri A K Ghosh) Submitted by:
Senior Statistical Officer (Satyakii Sur)
NSSO (FOD), Burdwan Date: 14.07.2015

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Content
Page
Preface……………………………………………………………………………………………..........3
Introduction………………………………………………………………...…………………………4
P C Mahalanobis and his contribution……………………………….……………………..6
Statistics Day……………………………………………...…………………………………………..9
Socio Economic Survey…………………………………………………………………………10
Urban Frame Survey (UFS) ………………………………...…………………………………21
Rural Price Collection (RPC) …………………………………………………………………23
Consumer Price Index (CPI) …………………………………………………………………25
Agricultural Survey…………………………………………………………………..................29
Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) …………………………………………………………32
Epilogue………………………………………………………………….........................................35

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Preface
The main agenda of this report is to explain the experience I gathered during my
internship with National Sample Survey Office (Field Operation Division), Regional
office Burdwan. This report has been developed to explain the various concepts,
working process relating to subjects of NSSO and also the requirement of this
department for developing our country. Starting with a small introduction I directly
entered to the main purpose of FOD. Keeping in mind that the report should be in
brief I have explained shortly and to the point about various schemes and surveys
undertaken by the office. Along with, I have tried to discuss my observations and
give my conclusion in many places of the report. The survey has not been
discussed separately but are incorporated accordingly. I hope this report will
serve its purpose for future references and improvement in certain field.
I am extremely thankful to the Ministry of Statistics and Programme
Implementation for giving me a chance to be a part of this programme. I
specifically thanks Anil Sir (Sri A K Ghosh) for giving me constant support,
motivation, guidance whenever and wherever needed. He is not only an
experienced senior officer, for me he is a great teacher. I am also grateful to the
Deputy Director General Mr J P Bhattacharjee for his support and encouragement.
I am also thankful to Ghoshal Sir (Sri D Ghoshal), Narayan Sir (Sri N Biswas),
Chatterjee Sir (Sri S Chatterjee), Pyne Sir (Sri Mrinal Pyne), Tanmay Sir (Sri T
Bhattacharyya) for teaching me and answering all my quarries. I highly appreciate
the Central Government for arranging such program which give us real work
experience on the field.
-Satyakii

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INTRODUCTION
National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) is an organization under the Ministry of Statistics and
Programme Implementation of the Government of India. It is the largest organisation
in India conducting socio-economic survey, Industrial survey, crop estimation survey, area
enumeration, price collection from rural and urban sector etc.
History
In 1950, Professor P.C.Mahalanobis, with the active support of our first Prime Minister Jawaharlal
Nehru, launched the Indian National Sample Survey (NSS). The aim was to collect essential statistics
relating to socio-economic characters and agricultural production. Since then gradually the NSS has
been growing over the years and the Directorate of NSS was reorganized in 1970 by bringing
various activities like designing, field survey and data processing etc. under it as the National
Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO). Surveys of the NSS are carried out as successive ‘rounds’,
mostly of a year’s duration and occasionally of six months, though in the early years of NSS, some
of the rounds were even shorter. In order to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of the NSS in the year
2000, it was decided by the Steering Committee set up for the purpose that a critical review of the
sample designs of the NSS from the 1st to the 55th round be prepared. The task was given to Shri
K.Sankaranarayanan, ex-Joint Director of NSSO who prepared this note. After review by
Professor T.J.Rao, the present acting Chairman of the Governing Council of the NSSO, the note was
presented at a seminar held on 31st March 2003 at the Survey Design & Research Division (SDRD),
Mahalanobis Bhavan, Kolkata. The note has since been modified in the light of suggestions made at
the seminar by the participants. The note divides the history of NSS surveys upto the 55th round into
three phases: the formative years (1st to 10th round), the period of growth and consolidation (11th
to 27th round) and the period after formation of NSSO (28th to 55th round). For the third phase (28th-
55th round), the evolution of the sampling design is narrated subject-wise.
NSSO has four divisions
1. Survey Design and Research Division (SDRD)
2. Field Operations Division (FOD)
3. Data Processing Division (DPD)
4. Co-ordination and Publication Division (CPD)
Survey Design and Research Division (SDRD)
It is a professional organ of NSSO, mandated to do the job of:
 planning of the survey
 Formulation of sample design
 Drawing up of schedules of enquiry
 Formulation of concepts and definitions
 Preparation of instruction manual for survey field work
 Training of field and data processing personnel on survey methodology
 Formulation of scrutiny check points
 Drawing up of tabulation programme
 Preparation of survey reports
 Analysis and presentation of survey results and
 Undertaking studies for the improvement of survey methodology
SDRD, NSSO is located at Mahalanobis Bhavan, Kolkata and is headed by an Additional Director
General - a Higher Administrative Grade (HAG) level officer, and has sanctioned strength of three
SAG (Senior Administrative Grade), fifteen JAG (Junior Administrative Grade), eight STS (Senior
Time Scale) and four JTS (Junior Time Scale) level officers of Indian Statistical Service besides one
Deputy Director (Administration) and the supporting staff members.

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Field Operations Division (FOD)
The Field Operations Division (FOD), one of the four Divisions of the National Sample Survey
Office, is responsible for conducting surveys in the field of Socio- Economic, Industrial Statistics,
Agricultural Statistics, Prices, etc. as per the approved programmes It is also responsible for
updating the frame for conducting Socio-Economic Surveys in urban areas. This Division with
its Headquarters located at New Delhi and Faridabad functions through a network of 6 Zonal
Offices, 49 Regional Offices and 118 Sub-Regional Offices spread throughout the country and
has staff strength of about 4200.
The Division is headed by Additional Director General (ADG), an Additional Secretary
Level Officer. In Headquarters, four Deputy Director Generals as well as other officers in the rank
of Director/ Joint Director/ Deputy Director/ Assistant Director assist him. All the Zonal Offices are
headed by Deputy Director Generals while the head of Regional Offices are Deputy Director
General/ Director level officers, except for Port Blair which is headed by Assistant Director.
Data Processing Division (DPD)
The Data Processing Division (DPD) of NSSO with Headquarters at Kolkata and five Data Processing
Centres outside Kolkata at Ahmadabad, Bangalore, Delhi, Giridih and Nagpur is primarily
mandated to undertake the processing, the tabulation and the dissemination of data collected
through Nation Wide Large Scale Sample Surveys on various Socio-economic issues conducted by
National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) under the Government of India. This task of transforming
large volume of raw data into the final form of Key Indicators or Estimates in Tabular Format with
due process of scrutiny and validation is carried out by a large number of trained and experienced
technical officials in Electronic Data Processing Cadre under the overall supervision and guidance
of the officers of Indian Statistical Service. The role of DPD starts from the initial stage of formulation
of the Sample Design for NSS Surveys by SDRD wherein apart from providing input for the
formulation it undertakes the job of sample selection. Later on DPD undertakes the job of software
development for Data Entry, Data Verification, Data Validation, Coverage Checks, Howler Checks,
Computer Edit, Tabulation, etc. DPD also assists the States by providing Data Processing
Instruments including Software and technical guidance in all their data processing related activities
and also through periodic training/workshop and other interactive methods.
With the advent of Information Technology, DPD is now introducing modern technology to reduce
time and effort in data capturing and transmission besides improving quality of unit level data. It
also helps other countries/organizations in enhancing their capacity building particularly in data
processing/analysis by conducting various need based training programmes.
Co-ordination and Publication Division (CPD)
Co-ordination & Publication Division is located at New Delhi and is responsible for:
 coordinating the activities of all the Divisions of NSSO
 dissemination of survey results and analysis through the biannual technical journal
‘Sarvekshana’ and ‘ National Seminars’ to discuss the survey results
 supplying survey data of various rounds to individuals, researchers, research institutions
and other private and govt. bodies
 liaison with other Departments/ Ministries on various matters concerning NSSO
 providing the technical and secretarial assistance to DG & CEO of NSSO

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P C MAHALANOBIS AND HIS CONTRIBUTION
Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis (born June 29, 1893, Kolkata, India—
died June 28, 1972, Calcutta), Indian statistician who devised the
Mahalanobis distance and was instrumental in formulating India’s
strategy for industrialization in the Second Five-Year Plan (1956–61). He
founded the Indian Statistical Institute, and contributed to the design of
large-scale sample surveys.
Early life:
Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis's parents were Probodh Chandra and
Nirodbashini. Probodh Chandra (1869-1942) worked for a while in his
father's (Gurucharan (1833-1916)) chemist's shop before starting up his
own business as a dealer in sports goods. He married Nirodbashini, the
daughter of Nandalal Sarkar, in 1891. The family were of the Brahmo
Samaj religion, relatively wealthy and influential in Bengali life. Probodh
Chandra and Nirodbashini had two sons and four daughters, the eldest
child being Prasanta Chandra the subject of this biography. The poet Rabindranath Tagore was a
significant influence on Mahalanobis when he was a young boy. Rabindranath Tagore's father,
Devendranath Tagore, had been a friend of Mahalanobis's grandfather Gurucharan and had played
a major role in reviving the Brahmo Samaj religion.
Mahalanobis attended the Brahmo Boys School in Calcutta, passing the matriculation
examination in 1908, his final year at the school. Entering Presidency College, Calcutta in 1908,
where his uncle Subodh Chandra Mahalanobis was professor of physiology, Mahalanobis passed
the Intermediate Examination in science two years later and graduated with a B.Sc. with honours in
physics in 1912.
In the summer of 1913 Mahalanobis went to England where his intention was to study for a
B.Sc. at the University of London. While in London, waiting for courses to start, he made a trip to
Cambridge where he was stunned by the chapel of King's College. By chance he missed the train
back to London and stayed the night with a friend. In the friend's house he met a student who was
studying at King's College and, hearing that Mahalanobis found the chapel so attractive, suggested
he apply to study there. Remarkably, he was interviewed the next day and offered a place. He
matriculated at King's College in October 1913 and passed Part I of the mathematical tripos in 1914.
He then transferred to the natural sciences tripos, obtained a first class pass in Part II in 1915, and
was awarded a Senior Scholarship by King's College. During his time in Cambridge, he became
friendly with Srinivasa Ramanujan.
In the natural sciences tripos, Mahalanobis had specialised in physics and he set up a
research project at the Cavendish Laboratory. He returned to India in July 1915 to take a short
holiday before beginning his research project. However, once back in India his uncle, Subodh
Chandra Mahalanobis the professor of physiology at Presidency College Calcutta, introduced him
to the Principal of the College who was trying to fill a temporary vacancy in the physics department.
By this time World War I was in progress and a senior physicist at Presidency College was on war
service. Asked if he would take on a temporary teaching role in physics at the College to help out,
Mahalanobis agreed but he was still intent on returning to Cambridge to undertake his research
project once the temporary position ended. However, he soon became so involved with his work
in Presidency College that he gave up the idea of returning to Cambridge.
This interest in statistics did not change the career path of Mahalanobis who was appointed
as Professor of Physics at Presidency College in 1922. He continued to teach physics at the College
for the next thirty years but during this time he brought about profound changes which influenced
the future development of statistics in India. Mahalanobis was indeed interested, and his analysis
of the data led to his first scientific paper Anthropological observations on the Anglo-Indians of
Calcutta I Analysis of male stature (1922). This is a remarkable piece of work and for this, and many
other similar investigations he carried out later, he introduced the D2 statistic, known today as the
'Mahalanobis distance'. He also published Statistical note on the significant character of local variation
in proportion of dextral and sinistral shells in samples of the snail in 1923. These were the first of over
200 papers which Mahalanobis published covering a vast range of topics from agriculture to
drinking tea among middle class Indian families in Calcutta.

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Contribution in Statistics and foundation of Indian Statistical Institution:
Perhaps the two most important contributions by Mahalanobis, other than his scientific papers,
were setting up the Indian Statistical Institute and the founding of the journal Sankhya. We now look
briefly at these. The Indian Statistical Institute began life in around 1920 as an unofficial group
working on statistical problems in Presidency College. It soon acquired the name of the Statistical
Laboratory and was located in Mahalanobis's room in the Physics Department. The official setting
up of the Indian Statistical Institute was on 17 December 1931 when Mahalanobis, together with the
Professor of Economics and the Professor of Applied Mathematics at Presidency College met under
the chairmanship of the industrialist Sir Rajendranath Mukherjee and passed a resolution formally
setting up the Indian Statistical Institute. It was formally "registered on 28 April 1932 as a non-profit
distributing learned society under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860". Basically through the
1920s and up to 1931 almost all statistical work done in India was by Mahalanobis. However, after
setting up the Indian Statistical Institute, as Director and Secretary he could build up the Institute
with new appointments. For example, in December 1932 Mahalanobis offered R C Bose a part-time
post at the Indian Statistical Institute. Part-time meant working on Saturdays throughout the year
and full-time during the summer and Pujah vacations. Mahalanobis gave him a list of papers to read
and he soon became a world-class statistician. From 1935 Bose had a full-time position at the Indian
Statistical Institute as did Samarendra Nath Roy who had been appointed to a part-time post a few
months after Bose. Training courses in statistics were set up, for example C R Rao began the one-
year training course in statistics in 1940. Rao was soon undertaking research, went on the take a
statistics degree at Calcutta University, and was appointed as a Technical Apprentice at the Indian
Statistical Institute beginning in November 1943. He became one of world leaders in statistics.
In 1948 the Institute received a major grant from the Indian government allowing them to
set up a Research and Training School and appoint professors, assistant professors and other
academic grades. Under Mahalanobis's leadership the Institute flourished. In 1950 they purchased
about 4 acres of land at 203, B T Road, Calcutta. Immediately building began on the site and the
Main Building was inaugurated by R A Fisher in 1951. The Research and Training School was
subsequently moved to this building. In 1959, the Indian government passed the India Statistical
Institute Act (the 57th Act of 1959).
The other major achievement of Mahalanobis was the founding of the statistics
journal Sankhya in 1933 as a publication of the Indian Statistical Institute.
Contributions:
Mahalanobis distance: The Mahalanobis distance is a measure of the distance between a
point P and a distribution D, introduced by P. C. Mahalanobis in 1936.[1] It is a multi-dimensional
generalization of the idea of measuring how many standard deviations away P is from the mean of
D. This distance is zero if P is at the mean of D, and grows as P moves away from the mean: along
each principal component axis, it measures the number of standard deviations from P to the mean
of D. If each of these axes is rescaled to have unit variance, then Mahalanobis distance corresponds
to standard Euclidean distance in the transformed space. Mahalanobis distance is
thus unitless and scale-invariant, and takes into account the correlations of the data set.
Linguistics: Mahalanobis also started research in the field of quantitative linguistics and
language planning in the Linguistic Research Unit of the Indian Statistical Institute. He also worked
on Speech Pathology in collaboration with Djordge Kostic, Rhea Das and Alakananda Mitter and
made some contributions to the field of language correction.
Mahalanobis was a member of the planning commission contributed prominently to newly
independent India's five-year plans starting from the second. In the second five-year plan he
emphasised industrialisation on the basis of a two-sector model.
Mahalanobis also had an abiding interest in cultural pursuits and served as secretary
to Rabindranath Tagore, particularly during the latter's foreign travels, and also worked at
his Visva-Bharati University, for some time.

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Sample surveys: His most important contributions are related to large-scale sample surveys.
He introduced the concept of pilot surveys and advocated the usefulness of sampling methods.
Mahalanobis received many honours for his remarkable contributions to the development
of statistics and to life in India. For example he was awarded the Weldon Medal and prize from
Oxford University (1944), the Sir Deviprasad Sarvadhikari Gold Medal (1957), the Gold Medal
from the Czech Academy of Sciences (1964), and the Durgaprasad Khaitan Gold Medal from
the Asiatic Society (1968). He was President of the Indian Science Congress in 1950 and President
of the International Statistical Institute in 1957. He was elected a fellow of many societies and
academies such as: the Royal Society of London (1945), the Econometric Society, United States
(1951), the Pakistan Statistical Association (1952), the Royal Statistical Society, U.K. (1954),
the USSR Academy of Sciences (1958), and the American Statistical Association (1961). He
received honorary degrees from the University of Calcutta (1957), Sofia University (1961) and
the University of Delhi (1964). In 1959 he was elected an Honorary Fellow of King's College,
Cambridge. In 1968 the Government of India awarded him the Padma Vibhushan for his
contribution to science and services to the country.
The Professor, as Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis was known in India, passed away
on 28 June 1972, three weeks after an abdominal operation in Calcutta. The death occurred one day
before his 79th birthday, when he was still active doing his research work, looking after the Indian
Statistical Institute as Honorary Secretary and Director and helping the Government as Honorary
Statistical Adviser. The 'Mahalanobis Era' in statistics which started in the early twenties has ended.
Indeed it will be remembered for all time to come as the golden period of statistics in India, marked
by intensive development of a new technology and its applications for the welfare of mankind.

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STATISTICS DAY
The Government of India in 2007 decided to celebrate Prof P C Mahalanobis’s birthday, 29th June
as Statistics Day. Since then every year NSSO celebrates Statistics Day. The motive of Statistics day
celebration is to spread the idea of Statistics among common people and get aware the need of this
subject for development of our country. This year it was 9th Statistics Day. NSSO FOD Burdwan
celebrated that day with a small program at Burdwan Bhavana. The theme of the program was
“Social Development”.
The guests were Prof. Arup Kumar Chattopadhyay (Department of Economics), Prof. Sk. Salim
(Department of Economics, Raj College), Prof. Arindam Gupta (Dept. of Statistics, Burdwan
University). Also some students from University, college and school came to join the program.
The program started with an inauguration ceremony. All guests gave small speech about
mahalanobis. Prof. Arup Kumar Chattopadhyaya gave a talk on various fact of economics. After that
panel discussion started where all guests shared their own point of view about Social development.
The discussion gone through for long time. Prof. Gupta showed us a report on “Intimate partner
violence”. Intimate partner violence is mainly of three types viz. Physical violence, mental of
emotional violence and sexual violence. Though this types of violence is very common not only in
our country but also in western countries. But for our country the problem is that we don’t have any
sufficient information about that as because the issue is highly sensitive and most of the victim don’t
share their feelings due to shame and lack of courage. Prof. Gupta conducted a survey, collected
the information regarding this, analyse the data and make a report.
I enjoyed the day and learn many things from the guests.
Pic: Statistics Day Celebration (29th June 2015)

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SOCIO ECONOMIC SURVEY
The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) conducts nationwide sample surveys relating to various
socio-economic topics to collect data for planning and policy formulation. The Socio-Economic (SE)
Surveys are in the form of Rounds, each Round being normally of one-year duration and
occasionally for a period of six months. The first Round of NSS was conducted during 1950-51. The
subject coverage of SE inquiries for different Rounds is decided on the basis of a 10 year cycle. In
this cycle, 1 year is devoted to Land and Livestock Holdings, Debt and Investment; 1 year to Social
Consumption (education, health care, etc.), 2 years to quinquennial surveys on household
consumer expenditure, employment & un-employment situation and 4 years to non-agricultural
enterprises, namely, manufacturing, trade and services in un-organized sector. The remaining 2
years are for open Rounds in which subjects of current/special interest on the demand of Central
Ministries, State Governments and research organizations are covered.
The responsibility of executing the field work for SE surveys rests with the Field Operations
Division (FOD) of NSSO for central samples and with respective State Governments/Union
Territories except Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Chandigarh and
Lakshadweep for state samples. Before taking up data collection work, multi-stage training
programmes are conducted. All-India Training of Trainers (AITOT) is organized to discuss the
sampling design, schedules of enquiry and procedures for data collection. The officers who are
trained at All-India Training in turn train the field functionaries in Regional Training Camps (RTCs)
held at all the Regional Offices of the FOD.
Well qualified and trained field officers/investigators of NSSO and the State Governments
collect information through interview method, using the uniform methodology and schedules that
are specially designed for the survey. Various instruments, for example, inspection, scrutiny,
super-scrutiny of filled-in schedules are used to monitor the fieldwork and to ensure the quality of
data collected in the field. Collected data is sent for processing to Data Processing Division. Various
publicity measures through print advertisement and visual/digital media are taken to increase the
awareness about these surveys among the public/respondents.
In my internship period (15.05.2015-14.07.2015) I get the opportunity for experiencing two
rounds viz. 72nd round (July’14-June’15) and 73rd round (July’15-June’16). Both the subjects of the
two rounds have huge significance and reflection of our country’s condition and caste light on the
prevailing situation of its citizens.
72nd Round
Schedule of enquiry: NSS 72nd round will cover the following subjects:
 Domestic Tourism Expenditure (Schedule 21.1).
 Household Expenditure on Services and Durable Goods (Schedule 1.5).
 Household Consumer Expenditure (Schedule 1.60).
 Household Consumer Expenditure with details of Food Consumption (Schedule 1.61).
 Consumer Expenditure with details of Non-Food Consumption (Schedule 1.62).
Objective of the survey
Survey on Domestic Tourism Expenditure: The economic and social importance of domestic
tourism in a country like India, endowed with a splendid cultural and historical heritage, hardly
needs to be emphasised. It also uniquely meets the requirement of maintenance of familial and
social bonds which is a great Indian tradition. The importance of tourism in the national economy is
manifold: in generating employment in various industries like hospitality, handicrafts, transport
services etc., in development of backward areas and thereby restricting migration from rural to

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urban areas, in the preservation and enhancement of natural resources and historical heritage etc.
Tourism, by itself, does not constitute any specific industry or sector in the economy. Rather, it is a
composite of several traditional sectors like transport, accommodation, etc. Besides, tourism has
linkages with distinct patterns of consumption and expenditure. Tourism consumption and
expenditure data on domestic tourism (overnight) is, therefore, an important component for
preparation of Tourism Satellite Account (TSA).
Domestic Tourism Expenditure Survey is designed to collect detailed information on
household expenditure on tourism along with some information on household characteristics,
visitor characteristics and trip characteristics in relation to domestic overnight trips, required for
preparation of third Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) which will be done by the Ministry of Tourism
(MOT). In addition, some important information on trips and expenditure shall also be collected in
connection with domestic same-day trips and special domestic trips, as required by the MOT.
Survey on Household Expenditure on Services and Durable Goods: The survey on
household expenditure on services and durable goods has two parts: one on household
expenditure on miscellaneous services, and the other on expenditure on durable goods hy
households. Both are being carried out to meet the requirements of preparation of National
Accounts.
One important macro-economic indicator derived from the National Account- statistics is
Private Final Consumption Expenditure (PFCE). Household expenditure on services consumed
by households, which forms an important part of this, is at present estimated as a proportion of total
value of production of such services. (Services which are not consumed by households are
consumed as inter-industry use and hence are not a part of PFCE.) The 72nd round survey (Schedule
1.5) will give an estimate of total value of household consumption of services, which can be used to
estimate the proportion of total production of sendees that is consumed by households. Educational
and medical services are, however, excluded from the coverage of the 72nd round survey.
The second important indicator is capital formation in the economy. In the National
Accounts, capital formation is estimated by distinguishing two main categories of assets, namely,
construction and machinery. Durable goods that have dual use, that is, use for both consumption by
households as well as for production by household enterprises (individual proprietorship and
partnerships) are termed partly capital goods in national accounting. To estimate capital formation
of machinery and equipment, value of acquisition of partly capital goods and parts of partly capital
goods has to be estimated. This survey focuses on expenditure on durable goods which have dual
use in the sense explained above. It aims to estimate the total value of acquisition of durable goods
by households and the value of the durable goods (partly capital goods) which are primarily used
by households for production of goods and services.
Survey on Household Consumer Expenditure (Schedules 1.60, 1.61 and 1.62): Over the
years, it has been observed that respondents display relatively less patience and express non-
availability of time for responding to a long schedule of enquiry. In feet, it has also been observed
that, even if the household is initially cooperative, informant fatigue sets in after some time affecting
quality of data reported in the remaining part of the schedule.
To resolve the problems, National Statistical Commission desired to evolve a methodology
for using shorter schedules in the NSS consumer expenditure survey. To that end, in the NSS 72nd
round, Schedule Type 2 of NSS 68th round has been set as the basis for comparison of the other
schedules drawn up for this purpose. This has been designated as Schedule 1.60. Two other
schedules have been designed — one with more emphasis on collection of detailed food items and
less on that of non-food items (Schedule 1.61), other with more emphasis on collection of detailed
non-food items and less on that of food items (Schedule 1.62). Thus, for the purpose of the
methodological study on shortening of the Household Consumer. Expenditure schedule in NSS
surveys, three schedules are to be canvassed in the 72nd Round, viz. Schedules 1.60, 1.61 and 1.62.
Formation and selection of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks: In case hamlet-groups/ sub-
blocks are to be formed in the sample FSU, the same should be done by more or less equalising
population. Note that while doing so, it is to be ensured that the hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks formed
are clearly identifiable in terms of physical landmarks.

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Two hamlet-groups (hg)/ sub-blocks (sb) will be selected from a large FSU wherever
hamlet- groups/ sub-blocks have been formed in the following manner - one hg/ sb with maximum
percentage share of population will always be selected and termed as hg/ sb 1, one more hg/ sb
will be selected from the remaining hg’s/ sb’s by simple random sampling (SRS) and termed as hg/
sb 2. Listing and selection of the households will be done independently in the two selected hamlet-
groups/ sub-blocks. The FSUs without hg/ sb formation will be treated as sample hg/ sb number 1.
It is to be noted that if more than one hg/ sb have same maximum percentage share of population,
the one among them which is listed first in block 4.2 of Schedule 0.0 will be treated as hg/ sb 1.
Listing of Households (Schedule 0.0): Schedule 0.0 is meant for listing of all houses and
households residing in the sample first stage unit (FSU) or sample hamlet-groups/ sub-block in the
case of large FSUs. The following information is listed in this schedule:
 Household size
 Structure type
 Usual monthly consumption expenditure of a household
 Whether household member made any overnight trip during last 365 days or 30 days
 Whether household has any unincorporated non-agricultural entrepreneurial activity etc.
These auxiliary information will be used for grouping the households into different second-stage-
strata (SSS). The sampling; frames for selection of households will be prepared and details of the
selection of sample households will be recorded in this schedule. Whenever hamlet-groups/ sub-
blocks (hg’s/sb’s) arc required to be formed, particulars relating to the formation and selection of
hg’s/ sb's are also to be recorded in this schedule.
Structure of the schedule: The Schedule 0.0 contains the following blocks:
Block 0 Descriptive identification of sample village/block
Block 1 Identification of sample village/block
Block 2 Particulars of field operations
Block 3 Sketch map of hamlet-group (hg)/ sub-block (sb) formation
Block 4.1 List of hamlets (only for rural samples with hg formation)
Block 4.2 List and selection of hamlet-groups (hg’s)/ sub-blocks (sb’s)
Block 5A List of households and record of selection of households for Schedules
1.60, 1.61 and 1.62 (hg/ sb 1/ 2)
Block 5B Record of selection of households for Schedules 21.1 and 1.5 (hg/ sb 1/ 2)
Block 6 Particulars of sampling of households
Block 7 Distance of the village to the nearest facility, availability of some amenities and
participation in MGNREG work (for inhabited villages only)
Block 8 Remarks by investigator (FI/ASO)
Block 9 Comments by supervisory officer(s)
Domestic tourism expenditure (Schedule 21.1)
This schedule is designed to collect detailed information on household characteristics, visitor
characteristics, trip characteristics and expenditure characteristics in relation to domestic
overnight trips, required for preparation of TSA and also some important information on trips and
expenditure in connection with domestic same-day trips in India through a nationwide household
survey in the 72nd Round of NSS.
Description of the schedule
Schedule 21.1 meant for domestic tourism expenditure survey consists of 11 blocks. The first three
blocks, viz., Block 0, Block 1 and Block 2 are to be used for recording identification of sample
households and particulars of field operations, as practised in previous rounds. The last two blocks,
viz., Block 9 and Block 10 are to be used to record the remarks/comments of investigator and
supervisory officer(s) respectively. Block 3 will be for recording the household characteristics like
household size, principal industry and principal occupation of household, household type, religion,
social group and household's usual monthly consumer expenditure etc. Block 4 is to be used for
recording the demographic and other particulars of all the household members. Such particulars
include name of the household member, relation to head, sex, age, marital status, educational level

13
and usual principal activity status. In Block 5.1, particulars of overnight trips completed by
household members during last 365 days (for health & medical; holidaying, leisure & recreation
and shopping) are to be recorded. In Block 5.2 particulars of overnight trips completed by
household members during last 30 days (for business; social (including visiting friends and
relatives, attending marriages etc.); pilgrimage & religious activities; education and training;
others) are to be recorded.
Schedule consists of the following blocks:
Block 0 Descriptive identification of sample household
Block 1 Identification of sample household
Block 2 Particulars of Field operations
Block 3 Household characteristics
Block 4 Demographic and other particulars of household members
Block 5.1 Particulars of overnight trips completed by household members during last 365
days (for health & medical; holidaying, leisure & recreation; and shopping)
Block 5.2 Particulars of overnight trips completed by household members during
last 30 days (for business; social (including visiting friends and
relatives, attending marriages, etc.); pilgrimage & religious activities;
education & training; others)
Block 6.1 Particulars of expenditure for all trips in last 365 days covered in block 5.1
Block 6.2 Particulars of expenditure for all trips in last 30 days covered in block 5.2
Block 7 Particulars and expenditure of same-day trips completed by household
members during last 30 days
Block 8 Particulars and expenditure of special domestic trips of duration of more than
180 days but up to 365 days, completed by household members during last 365
days
Block 9 Remarks by investigator (FI/ ASO)
Block 10 Comments by Supervisory Officer(s)
Household Expenditure on Services and Services Durable Goods (schedule
1.5)
Household expenditure on services forms a significant part of Private Final Consumption
Expenditure (PFCE), which important macro-economic indicator derived from national account
statistics. From 72nd round survey, all-India estimated of per capita and aggregate household
expenditure are required for 23 categories of services listed below:
Sl No. Service Category Sl No. Service Category
1 Rail transport 13 Religious services
2 Air transport 14 Funeral services
3 Bus incl. tramway services 15 Sanitary services
4 Taxi transport 16 Tailoring services
5 Auto-rickshaws 17 Legal services
6 Non-mechanized road transport 18 Business services
7 Water transport 19 Domestic services
8 Service incidental to transport 20 Laundry, dry cleaning
9 Communication 21 Repair services
10 Recreation and cultural services 22 Other services n.e.c
11 TV & radio service 23 Hotel & Restaurants
12 Barber and beauty shops
Schedule consists of the following blocks:

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Block 4 Demographic particulars of household members
Block 5 Transport expenditure incurred during overnight “round journeys”
completed during last 30 days
Block 6 Transport expenses incurred for movements during last 30 days that were
not part of overnight “round journeys”
Block 7 Expenditure on miscellaneous consumer services
Block 8 Expenditure on repairs and maintenance of selected items, Annual
Maintenance Contract payments, hotel lodging charges, and other selected
services during the last 365 days.
Block 9 Food expenditure in hotels and restaurants during the last 7 days
Block 10 Expenditure on durable goods acquired during the last 365 days other than
those used exclusively for entrepreneurial activity
Household Consumer Expenditure (Schedule 1.60, 1.61, 1.62)
Consumer Expenditure should include:
 Expenditure on consumption goods and services
 Imputed value of self-consumed produce of own farm or other hh enterprise
 Any household expenses reimbursed by employer (medical, electricity, LTC, etc.)
 Cost of minor repairs of assets & durable goods
 All compulsory payments to schools and colleges including so-called donations
 Goods and services received as payment in kind or received free from employer (incl.
imputed rent of quarters)
 Payments for medical care reimbursed or directly paid by insurance company
 Second-hand purchases of clothing, footwear, books, durables
Not to be included in Consumer Expenditure:
 Enterprise expenditure (farm, non-farm)
 Cost of purchase & construction of land & building
 Payment of interest on loan taken
 Insurance premium payments
 Lottery tickets, gambling expenses
 Money given as charily, remittances, donations, fines, direct taxes
Schedule 1.60 consists of the following blocks to obtain detailed information
on the consumption expenditure and other particulars of the sample
household:
Block 4 Demographic particulars of household members
Block 5.1 Consumption of cereals, pulses, milk and milk products, sugar and salt
Block 5.2 Consumption of edible oil, egg, fish and meat, vegetables, fruits, spices,
beverages and processed food and pan, tobacco and intoxicants

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Block 6 Consumption of energy (fuel, light & household appliances)
Block 7 Consumption of clothing, bedding, etc.
Block 8 Consumption of footwear
Block 9 Expenditure on education and medical (institutional) goods and services
Block 10 Expenditure on miscellaneous goods and services including medical (non-
institutional), rents and taxes
Block 11 Expenditure for purchase and construction (including repair and
maintenance)
Of durable goods for domestic use
Block 12 Summary of consumer expenditure
household:
Block 5 consumption of cereals and cereal substitutes during the last 30 days
Block 5.1 consumption of pulses, milk and milk products, sugar and salt during the last
30 days
beverages and processed food and pan, tobacco and intoxicants during the
last 7 days
Block 6 Consumption of energy (fuel, light & household appliances) during the last 30
days
Block 7 Consumption of clothing during the last 365 days
Block 8 Consumption of bedding and footwear during the last 365 days
during the last 365 days
institutional), rents and taxes during the last 30 days
maintenance) of durable goods for domestic use during the last 365 days
household:

16
Block 5 consumption of cereals and cereal substitutes
Block 5.1 Value of food (pulses and pulse products, sugar, candy, gur, honey, salt and
milk & M i lk products) consumption (inch consumption from home-grown
stock) dun nil the last 30 days
beverages and processed food and pan, tobacco and intoxicants during the
last 7 days
Block 6 Consumption of energy (fuel, light & household appliances) during the last 30
days
Block 7 Consumption of clothing during the last 365 days
Block 7.1 Consumption of bedding during the last 365 days
Block 8 Consumption of footwear during the last 365 days
during the last 365 days
institutional), rents and taxes during the last 30 days
maintenance) of durable goods for domestic use during the last 365 days
Field visit and personal experience: Rural
Location: Isufabad (14567)
Dates: 04.06.2015, 05.06.2015 and 08.06.2015
Name of the field official: Raju Ghosh and Ujjwal Sen
It was my first experience of conducting an SE survey in a rural sample of Isufabad, near
Bardhhaman district. The mode of conveyance from Burdwan district to Isufabad is Bus or Rickshaw
(reserved). At first, we went to the Panchayat office of the village and collected the necessary
information. We then formed the Hamlet and the Hamlet groups. Then we went to the sample village
and started listing the households in listing schedules (schedule 0.0). We went to each and every
household of the selected hamlets and asked questions relating to their visit to the hospitals, their
living standard and also noted down their house structure. This helps to stratify the heterogeneous
data into homogeneous. We listed few households.
Next day our JSO appointed started canvasing schedules from the selected households. JSO
asked one by one questions from the schedules and filled up the schedules. We only saw the
canvasing of schedule 21.1, schedule 1.5, and schedule 1.61.
Field visit and personal experience: Urban
Location: Durgapur (MC) (IV-25) (23236)
Dates: 22.06.2015, 24.06.2015
Name of the field official: Pushkal Dhar and Bimal Mazumder
It was my first experience of conducting an SE survey in an urban sample of Durgapur (MC, IV-25)
which is at a distance of 15 KM from Durgapur rail station. The mode of conveyance from Durgapur
station to Durgapur (MC, IV-25) is Bus. At first, we went to the secondary more and found block-25.
Then we checked the corner points. Afterthat we started listing the households in listing schedules

17
(schedule 0.0). We went to each and every household and asked questions relating to their visit to
the hospitals in last 365, any tour in last 30 days and their living standard. We listed few households.
Next day our JSO appointed started canvasing schedules from the selected households. JSO
asked one by one questions from the schedules and filled up the schedules. We only saw the
canvasing of schedule 21.1, schedule 1.5, and schedule 1.60.
73rd round
Schedule of enquiry: NSS 73nd round will cover the following subjects:
 List of households and non-agricultural enterprises (Schedule 0.0).
 Unincorporated non-agricultural enterprises (excluding construction) (Schedule 2.34).
Objective of the survey: In Indian economy, un-incorporate sector is important because of
the large number of enterprises in this sector and the magnitude of employment it provides to
unskilled and semi-skilled persons, besides its contribution to Gross Domestic Product. The
necessity for reliable and comprehensive data pertaining to informal sector for planning and policy
formulations needs no emphasis. This round is devoted exclusively to an integrated survey on
economic and operational characteristics of unincorporated non-agricultural enterprises in
manufacturing, trade and other services sectors (excluding construction) to supplement the
corporate sector data. This will help National Accounts Division (NAD) of Central Statistics Office to
compute important components of national accounts. Specially designed three digit product codes
introduced for the first time in the enterprise schedule of this round will help NAD to also make use
of the survey results in preparation of Supply-Use Table. The data to be collected in this round will
help in meeting the requirements of different Ministries, Organizations and researchers in general
and also of:
 National Skill Development Agency in measuring extent of skilled manpower engaged
in this sector,
 Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in deriving distribution of enterprises by
investment in plant, machinery and equipment,
 “Swachh Bharat Abhiyan” in measuring access to toilets in workplace and waste
management prevailing in the unincorporated sector enterprises, in particular.
Some Concepts
Enterprise: An enterprise is an undertaking which is engaged in the production and/ or
distribution of some goods and/ or services meant mainly for the purpose of sale, whether fully or
partly. An enterprise may be owned and operated by a single household, or by several households
jointly, or by an institutional body.
Unincorporated non-agricultural enterprises: Non-agricultural enterprises which are not
incorporated (i.e. registered under Companies Act, 1956) will only be covered. Further, the domain
of ‘unincorporated enterprises’ will exclude (a) enterprises registered under Sections 2m(i) and
2m(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948 or beedi and cigar manufacturing enterprises registered
under beedi and cigar workers (conditions of employment) Act, 1966 or Limited Liability
Partnership Act, 2008, (b) government/public sector enterprises and (c) cooperatives. Thus
coverage will be restricted primarily to all household proprietary and partnership enterprises. In
addition, Self Help groups (SHGs), Private Non-Profit Institutions (NPIs) including Non-Profit
Institutions Serving Households (NPISH) and Trusts will be covered.
Subject Coverage

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The coverage of NSS 73rd round (July 2015-June 2016) will be unincorporated non-agricultural
enterprises belonging to these sector viz. Manufacturing, Trade, Other Services (excluding
construction).
The survey will cover the following broad categories:
(a) Manufacturing enterprises excluding those registered under Sections 2m(i) and 2m(ii)
of the Factories Act, 1948
(b) Manufacturing enterprises registered under Section 85 of Factories Act, 1948
(c) Enterprises engaged in cotton ginning, cleaning and baling (code 01632 of NIC- 2008)
excluding those registered under Factories Act, 1948
(d) Enterprises manufacturing beedi and cigar excluding those registered under beedi and
cigar workers (conditions of employment) Act, 1966
(e) Non captive electric power generation, transmission and distribution by units not
registered with the Central Electricity Authority (CEA)
(f) Trading enterprises
(g) Other Service sector enterprises excluding construction
Categories of enterprises under coverage in (a) to (g) above will be:
(a) Proprietary and partnership enterprises [excluding Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)
enterprises]
(b) Trusts, Self-Help Groups (SHGs), Non-Profit Institutions (NPIs), etc.
Following enterprises will be excluded from the coverage:
(a) Enterprises which are incorporated i.e. registered under Companies Act, 1956
(b) The electricity units registered with the Central Electricity Authority (CEA)
(c) Government and public sector enterprises
(d) Cooperatives
Formation and selection of hamlet-groups/sub-blocks:
In case hamlet-groups/sub-blocks are to be formed in the FSU, the same should be done either by
more or less equalising population or by equalising number of non-agricultural enterprises.
If the criterion for deciding the value of ‘D’ is population, then hg/ sb may be formed by equalising
population. On the other hand, if enterprise criterion is used for deciding ‘D’, then equalise the
number of non-agricultural enterprises to form ‘D’ numbers of hg/ sb. If the value of ‘D’ is same for
both population and enterprise criteria, then hg/ sb may be formed by equalising population.
Listing of Households and Non-agricultural Enterprises (Schedule 0.0):
Schedule 0.0 is meant for listing all the houses, households and non- agricultural enterprises
including those without fixed premises found to operate for at least one day during the last 365 days
preceding the date of survey in the sample FSU (or segments 1 & 2 in the case of large FSUs). Some
enterprise particulars like description of activity, number of hired and total workers, NIC code,
duration of operation etc. in terms of ‘eligibility code’ are also to be collected. This auxiliary
information will be used for categorising the enterprises into different types and formation of
second stage strata. The sampling frames for selection of enterprises for each of the second-stage
stratum will be prepared and details of the selection of sample enterprises will be recorded in this
schedule. Whenever hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks (hg’s/ sb s) are required to be formed, particulars
relating to the formation and selection of hg’s/ sb’s are also to be recorded in this schedule.
Block 0 Descriptive identification of sample village/ EB/ UFS block
Block 1 Identification of sample village/ EB/ UFS block

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Block 3 Sketch map of hamlet-group (hg)/ sub-block (sb) formation
Block 4.1 List of hamlets (only for rural samples with hg formation)
Block 4.2 List and selection of hamlet-groups (hg’s)/ sub-blocks (sb’s)
Block 5a List of households and non-agricultural enterprises (Segment 1/ 2)
Block 5b Selection of non-agricultural enterprises under coverage (Segment 1/ 2)
Block 6a Particulars of enterprises in segment 9
Block 6b Particulars of sampling of enterprises (for segments 1 & 2)
Block 7 List of non-agricultural enterprises having 20 or more workers in the sample
village/EB/UFS block (segment 9)
Block 8 Remarks by investigator (FI/JSO)
Unincorporated Non-agricultural Enterprises (excluding construction)
(Schedule 2.34)
Introduction: In this chapter detailed instructions for tilling up schedule 2.34 are given. The
enterprise survey of the 73rd round principally covers all unincorporated enterprises in the non-
agricultural sector of the economy, excluding those engaged in construction and gas & water
supply. NIC 2008 codes will be used to classify the enterprises in this round. The enterprises to be
covered in NSS 73rd round have been divided into three broad industry groups, viz. (i)
manufacturing, (ii) trade and (iii) other services sector. Under the above sectoral coverage,
enterprises are categorised into two types, the first type being Own Account Enterprises (OAE) i.e.
those enterprises that do not employ hired workers on a fairly regular basis in the reference year
and the second type being Establishments those employ at least one hired worker on a fairly
regular basis in the reference year. The eligibility criteria for an enterprise to be covered in the
survey is at least 30 days of operation (15 days of operation for seasonal enterprises / SHGs) in the
reference year i.e. “last 365 days preceding the date of survey”.
Own Account Enterprises and Establishments in the informal sector are the target units for
the enterprise survey. In addition, self-help groups, trusts, associations, charitable institutions, etc.
are covered under the survey as they do have the dominant share in certain service sector activities
like educational enterprises, health service enterprises and other community, social and personal
service enterprises.
Block 0 Descriptive identification of sample enterprise
Block 1 Identification of sample enterprise
Block 2 Particulars of operation and background information
Block 2.1 Activities pursued by the enterprise
Block 3 Principal operating expenses
Block 4 Other operating expenses
Block 5 Principal receipt
Block 6 Other receipt
Block 7 Calculation of gross value added
Block 8 Employment particulars of the enterprise
Block 9 Compensation to workers
Block 10 Land and fixed assets owned and hired by the enterprise
Block 10.1 Original value of plant and machinery/ equipment
Block 11 Loan outstanding
Block 11.1 Amount of loan advanced by financial enterprises factor incomes of the
enterprise
Block 12 Factor incomes of the enterprise
Block 13 Inventories during the reference year
Block 14 Particulars of use of information and communication technology (ICT)
Block 16 Remarks by investigator (FI/JSO)

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Field visit and personal experience
Location: Dakshinkhanda (V) (22913)
Dates: 08.07.2015 and 13.07.2015
Name of the field official: Pushkal Dhar and Bimal Mazumder
Dakshinkhanda is located at a distance of approximate 5 KM from Andal Station. I had the first
experience of collecting data from household enterprises under the 73rd Round. On the first day we
identified the block-IV, then we started listing household in listing schedule (schedule 0.0) from a
corner. We listed 35 households and enterprises in the selected block. We went to each and every
household and asked questions like head of the household/name and address of the enterprise/
owner, what type of activity he/ she is doing, any hired worker or not etc. While listing we found
that, there were very few un-incorporated non-agricultural enterprises in the block.
Next day we have seen 7 canvasing of schedule 2.34.

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URBAN FRAME SURVEY
Introduction and Necessity of UFS:
National Sample Survey Office under Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
conducts large scale surveys on various Socio- Economic subjects to facilitate policy formulation
in the country. Urban Frame Survey provides frame for sample selection for such surveys in urban
areas.
A sampling frame is an essential pre-requisite for organizing and conducting any sample survey.
Updatedness, completeness and fairly accurate information of sampling units leading to
identifiability are the essential features of a usable frame.
In practice, however, it is extremely difficult to get a fairly satisfactory frame. On such
occasions, it is customary to make special efforts to build up a sampling frame to meet the specific
requirements. Field Operations Division (FOD) of National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) does
similar exercise through Urban Frame Survey to prepare the frame for Socio- Economic surveys.
A household approach is adopted for collecting data through most socio-economic
inquiries. Since the frame for ultimate sampling units (households) is neither available nor feasible
to be prepared afresh every time on account of time and cost factors, the sampling methods are so
designed as to select the households in successive stages. For the rural areas, list of census villages
comes in handy as an operationally convenient and readily accessible frame of first stage units. In
the urban sector, however, the population census does not provide an analogous list of
geographical units that could be conveniently adopted as a sampling frame. The UFS was conceived
and formulated to obviate this particular situation.
Each UFS block has been envisaged to be a compact areal unit consisting of 80-200
households in general and the block is bounded by well-defined, clear-cut and natural / permanent
boundaries. The blocks are mutually exclusive and exhaustive so that the blocks carved out in any
given town add up to the total area of the town. The blocks are so formed that they depict permanent
landmarks and corner points; they are distinguishable from one another; and, are identifiable over
time. While town is a big areal entity, UFS block is a small areal unit. Striking a compromise between
the two, the concept of Investigator Unit has been evolved in the UFS. Investigator Unit (IV Unit) is
a well-defined and clearly demarcated geographical area consisting of about 20 to 50 blocks. IV
Unit maps are drawn in standard-sized map sheets.
UFS is a regular scheme and it is being conducted periodically in a 5 year phase. Notional
maps are prepared for each IV unit. All big or small roads, lanes, by-lanes are drawn in the same
way as they actually occurs. Vacant lands is also taken into accounts as it was seen that in next phase
of UFS the vacant land is occupied by houses or any kind of constructions. Each block is normally
classified by residential area, bazaar area, industrial area, military area, slum area, hospital area,
vacant land etc.
During the last UFS Phase (2007-12) a survey of more than 7000 towns including newly
declared Census towns involving updation/formation of more than 6 lakhs UFS blocks was
undertaken. Ladakh region of Jammu & Kashmir state was brought under the coverage of UFS and
formation of blocks in Leh and Kargil towns was carried out for the first time in the history of NSSO
which would pave way for future surveys in the region.
The current UFS Phase 2012-17 has been initiated for updation of UFS blocks. All the IV units
and UFS maps of last phase have been electronically stored and linkage of the details of blocks with
the maps made. UFS maps and records on demand are supplied to Government department free of
cost and to the private institution and research scholars as per the laid down procedure.
Features of UFS map:
 The maps prepared in UFS are notional and nearly same curvatures are reflected in the
map. Maps are not exactly scaled.

22
 For big town the map is divided in some Investigator Unit (IV). IV Unit maps are drawn in
standard-sized map sheets. An IV Unit consist in some blocks. The blocks are mutually
exclusive and exhaustive. Each block is separated by road or common passage.
 Corner points are mentioned clearly by some permanent constructions like shop, temple,
PO, PS, school, hospital. Also some permanent constructions are mentioned in the map
beside the block boundary in addition with the corner points for easy identification of block.
 Different symbols and lines are drawn for town boundary, block boundary.
Field visit and personal experience:
Location: Debipur (Alipur Census Town)
Date: 27.05.2015
Name of the officer: Mrinal Pyne, Senior Statistical Officer.
Alipur census town is located in debipur at a distance 30 km from Burdwan. The mode of
conveyance from Burdan to debpur station is rail.
We identified block-2 and started checking corner points. North and east boundaries of the block
is the town boundary. Boundary in north-west side of the block is slightly updated. In the previous
map PRADIP KARMAKAR GUL SHOP is the north-east corner point but now we see that the shop is
outside of the town and north-west cornet is updated by DEBIPUR PRIMARY SCHOOL. After that we
started going toward south followed by DURGA TEMPLE, DEBIPUR POST OFFICE, ANNAPURNA
CLOTH, HARIPADA SWEET SHOP, DURGA TEMPLE, and GROCERY SHOP. Other sides of the town
are residential areas. In this process we identified the whole block. After that we started listing of
structure. Informations noted are house number (if any), name of the head of a house/owner of
enterprise/name of enterprise and number of households. We listed 20 households.
[Census town: A specific geographical area (rural area) where 70% or more population engaged
in non-agricultural activity is called by census authority as census town.
Previously that area was village area but when it is seen that 70% or more of the population have
non-agricultural economic activity it is named as census town and keep as this status for 10 years.
If after that period the situation will remain same or a tendency toward more non-agricultural
activity then the census town is called town and it is added to nearby Municipality or a different
Municipality is formed for this town.]
Updated town boundary
Pic: Block-2, Alipur census town

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RURAL PRICE COLLECTION
The concept of price collection in rural area came to determine the current price situation in rural
area over the country. In RPC (Rural Price Collection) information regarding the price of different
commodities, articles, durable goods which are used by the peoples in rural area are collected.
The price collection survey in rural area is mainly conducts in a regular basis within a period of one
month. The main purpose of RPC is to take into account the variation in price of items between two
periods.
A commodity basket consisting of 260 commodities was adopted in 1986 with a view to
reflect the price changes in respect of the consumption pattern of the Agricultural Labourers/ Rural
Labourers. The price data for the items in the commodity basket are collected every month from a
fixed set of 603 villages/ markets spread over 26 States/ UTs using schedules 3.01 (R). Along with
the price data, the daily wage rates of 12 agricultural and 13 non-agricultural occupations are being
collected in Annexure-I of schedule 3.01 (R). Except R.O Gangtok, R.O Port Blair and R.O Panaji all
other 46 ROs are carrying out the RPC Survey work regularly.
Data from different locations are uploaded through a web portal developed by the
Department of Posts and NIC. This web-portal has all the features needed for monitoring of field
work and scrutiny/editing of price data, as explained in the case of uploading of urban price data.
Commodities:
The list of commodities selected for rural price collection is given below. Though the list is not
exhaustive but we can get slight vision about the items.
Category Sub-category
Cereals and cereal products Rice (fine, medium, coarse), Wheat, Peas, Puri,
Maida, Suji etc.
Pulses and Pulse Products Dal (Masur, Moong), Soyabean, Besan etc.
Oil and Fats Groundnut Oil, Mustard, Coconut, Palm, Meat,
Fish, Eggs: Meat (Goat), Beef, Poultry, Fresh
Fish, Dry Fish, Eggs (Hen, Duck) etc.
Milk and Milk Products Cow, Buffalo, Ghee, Curds etc.
Condiments and Spices Salt, Onion, Chillies (Green, Dry), Garlic,
Ginger, Turmeric etc.
Vegetables and Fruits Potato, Carrot, Note Sag, Brinjal, Tomato,
Banana, Orange, Lemon, Coconut, Mango,
Guava etc.
Other Food Stuff Sugar, Gur, Tea, Biscuit etc.
Pan, Supari, Tobacco and Other
Intoxication
Bidi, cigarette, pan leaf, jarda, country liquor,
supari whole nut etc.
Fuel and Light Firewood, Dung Cake, Kerosene, Candle,
Electricity etc.
Clothing, Bedding, Footwear Dhoti, saree (cotton, synthetic), shirting cloth,
chaddar, mosquito net etc.
Medical Care Sulphadiazine, allopathic medicines,
homeopathic medicines, doctor’s fee etc.
Education and Recreation Pencil, pen, exercise book, newspaper etc.
Transport and Communication Bus, Rickshaw, Bicycle etc.
Personal Care and Effects Soap, hair oil, paste, shaving blade, cream etc.

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Field visit and personal experience
Location: Sehara Bazaar (Fakirpur 0589)
Date: 02.06.2015
Name of the field official: Surajit Dutta, Junior Statistical Officer.
Sehara Bazaar is one of the busier market near Burdwan city. It is located at a distance of 8 KM from
Burdwan city. The role of this market for the nearby rural settlers are very important. Except that
many other villagers are dependent on this market. I was accompanied by JSO Surajit Da and my
co-intern Monali. The JSO started to check the list of shop from which the data will be collected. At
first we went to a grocery Shop. The informant was so busy in selling so that he can give the
information. But finally he managed to give the information. We saw the process of collection of data
and filling the schedule. Then we went to Ration Shop, Stationary shop, Clothing shop, Electronics
goods selling shop, Vegetable market, Fruit market, Fish and Meat shop, Liquor shop, Medicine
shop etc. We also helped by collecting prices and enjoyed very much. From all these shop the
relevant information regarding price is collected. Some shops were closed and those original shops
are replaced by substitute shop.
I think the price collection process should be improved by the Survey authority. Some
irrelevant items should be removed and also add some more items which have prime role in daily
life of people.

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CONSUMER PRICE INDEX
A comprehensive measure used for estimation of price changes in a basket of goods and services
Representative of consumption expenditure is called consumer price index.
Consumer Price Indices (CPI) measure changes over time in general level of prices of
goods and services that households acquire for the purpose of consumption. CPI numbers are
widely used as a macroeconomic indicator of inflation, as a tool by governments and central banks
for inflation targeting and for monitoring price stability, and as deflators in the national accounts.
CPI is also used for indexing dearness allowance to employees for increase in prices. CPI is
therefore considered as one of the most important economic indicators.
It is designed to measure the change over time in the general level of retail prices relevant
to the entire urban population in the country. The CSO is compiling Consumer Price Index for urban
areas with the base year 2010. The collection of Prices is being done by NSSO (FOD) from selected
310 towns, comprising of 1114 quotations, out of which 1078 quotations are the responsibility of
NSSO, rest 36 quotations of Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Lakshadweep are managed by CSO,
PCL unit. The CPI (U) scheme collects the prices of goods on the basis of three broad segments of
the population (viz. affluent, middle and poor). A Market Survey on CPI (U) was conducted in the
month of August, 2014 to include the new items in the commodity basket which have crossed
benchmarks as per the weighting diagram decided on the basis of NSS 68th round of CES
(Consumer Expenditure Survey) for the revision of Base year of CPI (Rural/Urban/Combined) from
2010 = 100 to 2012 = 100.
Consumer Price Index CPI in India increased to 121.60 Index Points in May of 2015 from
120.70 Index Points in April of 2015. Consumer Price Index CPI in India averaged 105.74 Index
Points from 2011 until 2015, reaching an all-time high of 121.60 Index Points in May of 2015 and a
record low of 86.81 Index Points in February of 2011. Consumer Price Index CPI in India is reported
by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI), India.
Criteria for selection of item
Multiple norms were adopted for selecting the items depending on their importance, their
popularity and suitability for pricing on a continuing basis.
Accordingly, following four-fold criteria were adopted:
 To include all PDS items
 To include all items accounting for 1% or more of total expenditure at sub-group level
 To include all items accounting for more than specified percentage of total expenditure of
all consumption items:
o Food, Housing & Miscellaneous > 0.04%
o Fuel > 0.03%
o Clothing > 0.02%
 To include all items for which more than 75% households have reported consumption
All items satisfying any of the above four conditions were retained. These are termed as weighted
items.
Price collection in urban area
Number of price schedules (quotations) that could be canvassed by the field investigators available
was fixed around 1100.These quotations were distributed to States/UTs on the basis of urban
population (Population Census 2001). Annex III giving state- wise distribution of 310 towns x
quotations is attached.
For regular price collection by NSSO (FOD)/Specified State Governments, all cities/towns
having population (2001 Population Census) more than 9 lakh and all state/UT capitals not covered
therein were selected purposively. Quotations were allotted to these cities/towns as per following
criteria.
Towns having population No. of quotations allotted
9 –25 lakh 8
25 lakh – 1 crore 12
More than 1 crore 24

26
Remaining State/UT capitals 4
After selecting the towns/cities purposively (as stated above), each State/UT was divided
into following four strata:
Stratum I Remaining Class I towns (population more than 1 lakh but less than 9 lakh)
Stratum II All Class II towns (population 50000 – 1 lakh).
Stratum III All class III towns (population 20000-50000)
Stratum IV Stratum IV All class IV towns (population less than 20000).
After allocating quotations to the towns selected purposively, remaining quotations allocated to a
state/UT were further allocated to different strata in proportion to total urban population of the towns
falling in different strata.
Number of towns to be selected from strata I and II was decided on the basis of no. of
quotations allotted to those strata taking 4 quotations per town. For Strata III and IV, no. of towns to
be selected was decided on the basis of no. of quotations allotted to those strata taking 2 quotations
per town. Towns were selected from each stratum circular systematically ensuring regional
representation.
In the selected towns, market survey was undertaken by NSSO (FOD) for (i) identification
of popular markets (ii) selection of shops/outlets for different commodities in the selected markets
and (iii) determination of specifications of commodities to be priced. Rented dwellings, from which
house rent data are to be collected, were also identified in all the selected towns during the market
survey. Prices are collected by the NSSO (FOD) every month.
Web portal for data submission
National Informatics Centre (NIC) Delhi has developed a web-portal for urban price data, to
facilitate on line data entry from different field offices of NSSO (FOD). Provision on web portal has
also been kept for (i) uploading of data entered in the off line mode (ii) generation of scrutiny tables
(Diagnostic Tables) giving price variations exceeding certain limits for verification and updation of
price data.
House Rent Data Collection
For compilation of house rent index which is a component in the Housing group of CPI (Urban), rent
data are also collected from sample rented dwellings in each of the selected town. For each
quotation, six rented dwellings units have been selected. These are selected in such a way that they
represent various categories of dwellings with different number of living rooms. Dwellings are
visited once in six months for canvassing house rent schedule.
PDS Price Data Collection
Public Distribution System (PDS) prices, also known as Fair Price Shop prices, are also collected in
respect of four items viz. Rice – PDS, Wheat/ wheat- Atta – PDS, Sugar-PDS and Kerosene- PDS.
These are collected in respect of two groups of beneficiaries’ viz. Above Poverty Line (APL) and
Below Poverty Line (BPL) households.
Commodities:
The list of commodities selected for CPI (U) is given below. Though the list is not exhaustive but we
can get slight vision about the items.
Group Subgroup Items
Food,
Cereals Rice, chira, muri, atta, noodles
Pulses & Pulse product Dal (Arhar, chola, moong, musur)
Milk & Milk products Packet milk, pasteurized milk, cow milk,
buffalo milk, curds, ghee, butter

27
Beverages,
Tobacco
Food,
Beverages,
Tobacco
Oils and Fats Dulda, mustard oil, refined oil
Egg, Fish & Meat Eggs, fish (fresh), goat meat, chicken
Vegetable Potato, onion, carrot, pumpkin,
cucumber, brinjal, lady finger, beans
Fruits Banana, watermelon, coconut, guava,
lychee, mango, ground nut, kishmish
Condiment, spices etc. Salt, turmeric, black pepper, oil seed,
jeera
Non- alcoholic
beverages
Tea, coffee, cold beve, coconut: green
Prepared meals etc. Biscuit, salted refreshments (alu chop,
singara, beguni), rassogolla, sandesh,
cake, achar, jelly
Pan, supari & tobacco Pan, supari, bidi, cigarette, khaini,
country liquor (desi mod), foreign liquor
(indian made)
Fuel and Light Fuel and light Firewood and chips, electricity(std unit),
match box, coal, LPG, candle, dung cake,
bulb
Clothing, Bedding,
Footwear
Clothing and bedding Dhuti, sari, jeans, sweater, bed sheet,
pillow, quilt
Footwear Chappal (plastic, leather), shoes
Miscellaneous
Education Secondary math book, science book,
local newspaper, national newspaper,
pen, pencil, private tuition fees
Medical care Pain killer, cough syrup, vitamin B
complex, anti-fever, X-ray, ECG, blood
sugar test, doctor’s fee
Recreation & Amusement Fool ball, cricket ball, monthly charge for
cable, television, CD/ DVD player
Transport &
Communication
Telephone charge, mobile charge, bus ,
rail, petrol
Personal care & effects Mobile set, umbrella, soap, paste, hair
oil, shaving cream ,blade, watch
Household requisites Battery, detergent, agarbati, mosquito
repellent, iron almirah, gold
Other Hair cutting charge, laundry, ironing
charge, tailoring charge
Field visit and personal experience:
Location: Dhatrigram
Date: 26.05.2015
Name of the field official: Surajit Dutta, Junior Statistical Officer.
Dhatrigram bazaar is located at a distance of 40 KM from Burdwan city. Kalna city is the nearest
important place to it. The mode of conveyance from Burdwan to Dhatrigram bazaar is bus. The
prices were collected twice every month (2nd and 4th week) from this market. The schedule consists

28
of various items, their specifications and their quantity wise prices. Firstly we went to a grocery
Shop. Then we went to Stationary shop, Clothing shop, Electronics goods selling shop, Vegetable
market, Fruit market, Fish and Meat shop, Liquor shop, Medicine shop, Hotel to collect prepared
food and lodging. We also helped by collecting prices and enjoyed very much. Lastly we went to
nearby railway colony to collect the information about house rent.

29
AGRICULTURAL SURVEY
Introduction
The Field Operations Division of NSSO has the overall responsibility of providing technical
guidance to the States in developing suitable survey techniques for obtaining timely and reliable
estimates of crop yield, bringing out uniformity in definitions and concepts and providing
assistance in training the State field personnel. India predominantly is an agrarian economy both
from the point of view of employment as well as contribution to the nation al income. Availability of
reliable and timely crop estimates is hence of paramount importance to the planners,
administrators, policy makers and research scholars. The Government depends on these data in
taking a number of policy decisions regarding pricing, processing, procurement, storage,
transport, marketing, export/ import, public distribution and many other issues like investment
planning. The system of generating annual estimates of area, yield and production of crops in India
is more than a century old. The Directorate of Economics and Statistics (DES) released estimates of
area, production and yield in respect to 51 principle crops of food grains, oil seeds, sugarcane,
fibres and important commercial and horticulture crops. The crops together accounts for nearly
87% of agriculture output.
Objective:
The primary objective of Crop Estimation Survey is to obtain fairly reliable estimates of average
yield rates of principal food and non-food crops for each State and Union
Territory and for such lower administrative unit as Block, District etc. which are important from the
point of view of crop production. The estimates of yield rates thus arrived at are generally adopted
for the purpose of planning, policy formulation and implementation.
Under the programme of Crop Estimation Survey, data on yield rates are collected through
organising and conducting crop cutting experiments by applying statistical techniques of random
sampling. The crop cutting experiment consists of identification and marking of an experimental
plot of a specified size and shape in a selected field on the principle of random sampling, harvesting
and threshing the produce and recording the weight of the produce. For a part of the experimental
produce or in some cases for the entire produce of experiment, further processing of the harvested
produce is done for determining the percentage recovery of dry grains or the marketable produce.
For paddy and cotton, the yield is expressed in terms of Rice and Lint respectively after applying
the standard recovery ratio and ginning ratio.
Area Statistics:
From the point of view of collection of area statistics, the States in the country are divided into three
broad categories:
1. States and UT’s which have been cadastrally surveyed and where area and land use
statistics are built up as part of the land records maintained by the revenue agencies (Land
Record State).
2. The states where area statistics are collected on the basis of sample survey (normally known
as Non-land record states or “Permanently Settled States” which are three in number viz.
Kerala, Orissa and West Bengal). A scheme for Establishment of Agency for Reporting
Agricultural Statistics (EARAS) has been introduced in these three states which envisages,
inter-alia, either the estimation of areas by complete enumeration or through sample survey
in a sufficiently large sample of 20% villages/ investigator zones. These states accounts for
about 9% of reporting area.
3. In hilly district of Assam, the rest of the states in North-Eastern region, Sikkim, Goa, UT’s of
Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Daman & Diu and Lakshadweep where no reporting agency
had been functioning, the work of collection of Agricultural Statistics is entrusted with the
village headman (5%).
Yield Estimates:
The second most important component of production statistics is yield rates. The yield estimates of
major crops are obtained through analysis of scientifically designed crop cutting experiment (CCE)
conducted under scientifically designed general Crop Estimation Survey (CES). During 1996-97,

30
4.91 lakhs such experiment covering 68 crops including 16 non-food crops were conducted. At
present over 95% of the production of food grains is estimated on the basis of yield rates obtained
from the CCE spread over 19 states and 4 UTs.
Design:
The sampling design generally adopted for the CES during 2009-10 is that of Stratified Multi-Stage
Random Sampling, with Tehsils/ Taluks/ RI circles/ CD Blocks/ Anchals etc. as Strata and revenue
village within a Stratum as First Stage Unit of sampling, survey number/field within each selected
village as sampling unit at the second stage and experimental plot of a specified shape and size as
the ultimate unit of sampling. In each selected primary unit of sampling, generally two survey
numbers/fields growing the experimental crop are selected for conducting crop cutting
experiments. Generally, 80-120 experiments are conducted for a crop in a major district, where a
district is considered as major for a given crop if the area under the crop in the district exceeds
80,000 hectares or lies between 40,000 and 80,000 hectares but exceeds the average area per
district in the State. Otherwise, district is considered as minor for a given crop. Experiments in
minor districts are so adjusted that the precision of the estimate is fairly high and the workload on
the field staff is manageable. On an average, about 44 or 46 experiments are planned in a minor
district. The number of experiments allotted to a district is distributed among the strata within the
district roughly in proportion to the area under the crop in the stratum.
Degree of precision:
The magnitude of standard error reflects the precision of the estimates. It is generally agreed that
desirable level of standard error (SE) for crop yield is 0% to 5%. It is to be kept in mind that SEs
should not exceed 5%.
Limitations of CES:
CES have been quite useful in providing desired estimates. However it has the following important
limitations:
 Non response
 Error in CCE
 Substitution of experiments
 Delegation of Junior Officials
 Non availability of suitable equipment
Schemes for fine tuning of crop statistics:
Availability of reliable and timely estimates of area and production assumes prime importance as
these estimates are used by the government for taking a number of policy decisions regarding
production, pricing, processing, procurement, storage, transport, export-import, public
distribution etc. In its quest for improving quality, reliability and timeliness of agricultural statistics,
DES has initiated the following importance scheme:
 TRS (Timely Reporting Scheme): Under the TRS, the primary agencies are entrusted with
the task of collecting and aggregating crop areas at village level in all the temporarily
settled states.
 ICS (Improvement of Crop Statistics): This scheme helps to find out deficiencies in the
state system of crop statistics, quantifying the amounts of deficiencies and devising
remedial policies to be jointly implemented by Central and State agencies.
 EARAS (Establishment of an agency for Reporting Agricultural Statistics): EARAS
provides for setting up, in a phased manner, a whole time agency having statistical
personnel specially trained for the purpose to cover a sample of 20% villages every year
in such a way that all villages of permanently settled state (Kerala, Orissa, West Bengal) are
covered in a time span of 5 years as there is no elaborate system of land records in these
states. Estimates of land use and area under crops are generated through random survey.
 CAPE (Crop Acreage and Production Estimation): CAPE is a scheme sponsored by the
Ministry of Agriculture but executed jointly by other departments and agencies. The

31
scheme aim at application of space technology foe making crop acreage estimates, yield
estimates at least a month before the harvest of the crop.
Co-ordination:
The Field Operations Division of NSSO has the overall responsibility of assisting the States/UTs in
developing suitable techniques for obtaining reliable and timely estimates, providing technical
guidance and ensuring adoption of uniform concepts, definitions and procedures in CES in the
States/UTs. It reviews the design, plan, details of implementation and the results of the surveys and
associates itself with the conduct of training camps organised for the State field staff and participates
in the primary field work by exercising technical supervision.
The NSSO (FOD) received plan of work of CES for the year 2009-10 from all the States and
offered comments wherever necessary in regard to planning and organisation of the survey. Some
of the earlier suggestions with regard to timely selection of sample units, improving the response
rates, ensuring adequate departmental supervision, timely communication of preliminary results
and supply of equipment were reiterated. Adoption of plot size of 5 meters x 5 meters was stressed
in the case of States where it has not so far been adopted.
Conclusion:
Given the diversities prevailing in the domain and dimension of agrarian economy of India, timely
collection of agricultural statistics has been of immense use in estimating agricultural production in
the country. Some of limitation of crop estimation survey lead to lack of precision which in turn
results in distorting of estimates. Though these schemes have made some dent on improvement of
the system of crop estimation and forecast, shortcomings in terms of delays in flow of information
from field, errors in area reporting continue to persist.

32
ANNUAL SURVEY OF INDUSTRIES
Introduction
The Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) is the principal source of industrial statistics in India. It
provides statistical information to assess and evaluate, objectively and realistically, the changes in
the growth, composition and structure of organised manufacturing sector comprising activities
related to manufacturing processes, repair services, gas and water supply and cold storage.
Industrial sector occupies an important position in the Indian economy and has a pivotal role to play
in the rapid and balanced economic development. Viewed in this context the collection and
dissemination of ASI data, on a regular basis, are of vital importance. The Survey is conducted
annually under the statutory provisions of the Collection of Statistics Act 2008, and the Rules framed
there-under in 2011, except in the State of Jammu & Kashmir where it is conducted under the State
Collection of Statistics Act, 1961 and the rules framed there-under in 1964.
Census of Manufacturing Industries (CMI)
The Directorate of Industrial Statistics launched the CMI in 1946 with the objective of studying the
structure of the Indian industry and estimating its contribution to national income. Because of
practical difficulties, the CMI could cover only 29 of the 63 industry groups specified in the
Industrial Statistics Act and extended only to 11 States of the Indian Union. It was conducted annually
up to 1958. By 1958, the geographical coverage of the CMI extended to 13 States and 2 Union
Territories (UT).
Sample Survey of Manufacturing Industries (SSMI)
Following the recommendation of the National Income Committee (1949), the Directorate of
Industrial Statistics conducted the first SSMI in 1949 for collecting data from factories falling under
the 34 industry groups left out by the CMI and defined under the Factories Act 1934. The technical
work including the survey design, sample selection, and preparation of schedules was undertaken
by the Directorate of Industrial Statistics while the tabulation and analysis of data, report writing,
etc. was carried out by the Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta. The SSMI was conducted annually
up to 1958 by the then Directorate of National Sample Survey (now the NSS Office).
Annual Survey of Industries (ASI)
The Collection of Statistics (Central) Rules, 1959 framed under the 1953 Act provided for, among
others, a comprehensive Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) in India. This survey replaced both the
CMI and SSMI. The ASI was launched in 1960 with 1959 as the reference year and is continuing since
then except for 1972. For ASI, the Collection of Statistics Act 1953 and the rules frame there-under
in 1959 provides the statutory basis. The ASI refers to the factories defined in accordance with the
Factories Act 1948, and thus has coverage wider than that of the CMI and SSMI put together.
Coverage
The survey covers all factories registered under Sections 2m(i) and 2m(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948
i.e. those factories employing 10 or more workers using power; and those employing 20 or more
workers without using power. The survey also covers bidi and cigar manufacturing establishments
registered under the Bidi & Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966 with coverage as
above. All electricity undertakings engaged in generation, transmission and distribution of
electricity registered with the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) were covered under ASI
irrespective of their employment size. Certain servicing units and activities like water supply, cold
storage, repairing of motor vehicles and other consumer durables like watches etc. are covered
under the Survey. Though servicing industries like motion picture production, personal services
like laundry services, job dyeing, etc. are covered under the Survey but data are not tabulated, as
these industries do not fall under the scope of industrial sector defined by the United Nations.
Defence establishments, oil storage and distribution depots, restaurants, hotels, cafe and computer
services and the technical training institutes and any unincorporated non-agricultural enterprise
are excluded from the purview of the Survey.
From ASI 1998-99, the electricity units registered with the CEA and the departmental units such as
railway workshops, RTC workshops, Govt. Mints, sanitary, water supply, gas storage etc. are not
covered, as there are alternative sources of their data compilation for the GDP estimates by the
National Accounts Division of CSO.

33
Frame and its update
The ASI frame is based on the lists of registered factory / units maintained by the Chief Inspector of
Factories (CIF) in each state and those maintained by registration authorities in respect of bidi and
cigar establishments and electricity undertakings. The frame is being revised and updated
periodically by the Regional Offices of the Field Operations Division of NSSO in consultation with
the Chief Inspector of Factories in the state. At the time of revision, the names of the de-registered
factories are removed from the ASI frame and those of the newly registered factories are added. In
update, only new registrations are added to the existing frame. In spite of regular updating of the
frame, quite a number of small-sized factories selected for the survey are found to be non-existing
in the field and are termed as deleted factories. However, such factories are not taken into
consideration for the purpose of tabulation and analysis in this report.
Unit of Enumeration
The primary unit of enumeration in the survey is a factory in the case of manufacturing industries, a
workshop in the case of repair services, an undertaking or a licensee in the case of electricity, gas
& water supply undertakings and an establishment in the case of bidi & cigar industries. The owner
of two or more establishments located in the same State and pertaining to the same industry group
and belonging to census scheme is, however, permitted to furnish a single consolidated return.
Such consolidated returns are common feature in the case of bidi and cigar establishments,
electricity and certain public sector undertakings.
Sample Design and Sample Allocation
ASI sample comprises two parts – Central Sample and State Sample. The Central Sample consists
of two schemes: Census and Sample. Under Census Scheme, all the units are surveyed.
(a) Census Scheme:
(i) All industrial units belonging to the six less industrially developed states/ UT’s
viz. Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura and Andaman & Nicobar
Islands.
(ii) For the rest of the states/ UT’s., (i) units having 100 or more employees, and (ii)
all factories covered under Joint Returns.
(iii) After excluding the Census scheme units, as defined above, all units belonging
to the strata (State x District x Sector x 4 digit NIC-2008) having less than or equal to
4 units are also considered under Census Scheme. It may be noted that in the
formation of stratum, the sectors are considered as Bidi, Manufacturing and
Electricity.
(b) All the remaining units in the frame are considered under Sample Scheme. For all the
states, each stratum is formed on the basis of State x District x Sector x 4-digit NIC-2008.
The units are arranged in descending order of their number of employees. Samples are
drawn as per Circular Systematic Sampling technique for this scheme. An even number of
units with a minimum of 4 units are selected and distributed in four sub-samples. It may be
noted that each of 4 sub-samples from a particular stratum may not have equal number of
units.
(c) Out of these 4 sub-samples, two pre-assigned sub-samples are given to NSSO (FOD) and
the other two-subsamples are given to State/UT for data collection.
(d) The entire census units plus all the units belonging to the two sub-samples given to NSSO
(FOD) are treated as the Central Sample.
(e) The entire census units plus all the units belonging to the two sub-samples given to
State/UT are treated as the State Sample. Hence, State/UT has to use Census Units (collected
by NSSO (FOD) and processed by CSO (IS Wing)) along with their sub-samples while
deriving the district level estimates for their respective State/UT.
(f) The entire census units plus all the units belonging to the two sub-samples given to NSSO
(FOD) plus all the units belonging to the two sub-samples given to State/UT are required
for pooling of Central Sample and State Sample.
Industrial Classification
National Industrial (Activity) Classification namely NIC plays a very vital role in maintaining
standards of data collection, processing and presentation besides its wide range of applications in

34
policy formulation and policy analysis. This classification is used in all types of censuses and sample
surveys conducted in India. The Central Statistical Organisation (CSO) in the Ministry of Statistics
and Programme Implementation is the nodal authority for bringing out the National Industrial
Classification in India. The first classification was NIC-62 followed by NIC-70, NIC-87 and NIC-98.
The latest and fifth Industrial Classification namely NIC-2004 has been developed and released by
CSO in November, 2004. NIC-2004 has been used till ASI 2007-08. From ASI 2008-09, NIC- 2008 has
been introduced. It classifies all the factories in the ASI frame in their appropriate industry groups
on the basis of the principal product manufactured. This way a unit gets classified in one and only
one industry group even though it might be manufacturing products belonging to different
industries. The estimates for different aggregates presented in this report at two or three digit level
of industry correspond to the NIC-2008 classification.
Reference period & schedule of enquiry
Reference period for ASI is the accounting year of the industrial unit ending on any day during the
fiscal year. Thus, in ASI 2012-13, the data collected from the respective industrial units relate to their
accounting year ended on any day between 1st April 2012 and 31st March 2013.
The schedule for ASI 2012-13 has undergone no changes from that of ASI 2011-12 and it has
got two parts. Part-I which is processed at the CSO (IS Wing), Kolkata, aims to collect data on assets
and liabilities, employment and labour cost, receipts, expenses, input items – indigenous and
imported, products and by-products, distributive expenses etc. Part-II, processed by the Labour
Bureau, aims to collect data on different aspects of labour statistics, namely, working days, man-
days worked, absenteeism, labour turnover, man-hours worked, earning and social security
benefits.

35
Epilogue
The process for collecting data by National Sample Survey Office is really
commendable and out of the box. The process how different rounds with their
specific objective were executing is interesting and worth learning experience. I
am lucky enough to observe two rounds (72nd and 73rd) and the round shift. I
attended the Regional Training Conference (RTC) form 16th June’15 to 19th June’15
of 73rd round. RTC held before every round were field officials are trained and
clear out doubt for that round. I also attended Statistics day (29th June’15) and came
to know about many interesting things and facts about our country.
Being placed with FOD, I had the golden opportunity to learn the way of
large sample survey and data collection. I would like to thank all senior officers,
junior officers and administrative officers for giving me respect and love like their
brother. The lessons I taught and experience I gathered from them will help me in
my future life. I also had the chance of interaction with Monali Samaddar, my co-
intern. She was from other University and other course. I would like to thank Monali
for being a good friend and helping me whenever needed. I would like to extent
my thankfulness to all officials who led me to different field surveys and patiently
cleared all doubt in field.
Lastly I am saying this from my heart that except learning I enjoyed my
internship period very much and never forget these two months in my life.
Disclaimer: All the information and data used in this report are not my self-
generated except field experiences. I take help from “Instructions to field staff”
(volume-I, volume-II), official website of MOSPI (www.mospi.nic.in), Wikipedia
and some authentic pdf published by Ministry of Statistics and Programme
Implementation.
Thank you

Satyakii_Internship_Report_

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