Hinduism considers Saraswati as the goddess of knowledge, music, and arts. She is believed to have passed all types of knowledge, from worldly to divine, to humanity. Myths in Puranas describe her origins and relationships with gods like Brahma and Vishnu. She is typically depicted as white-skinned, holding a veena (string instrument), rosary, and scriptures, seated on a lotus. Saraswati represents intelligence, consciousness, creativity, and education, guiding devotees to supreme knowledge and spiritual liberation.
This document provides an overview of Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine, and its potential applications in veterinary practice. Some key points include:
- Ayurveda takes a holistic approach focusing on balancing the doshas, dhatus, malas and agni in the body. Diagnosis examines physical signs, questioning, and touch. Treatment includes purification therapies and alleviating imbalanced doshas.
- Many Indian herbs have been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and other beneficial properties for conditions like arthritis, skin infections, and parasites. Herbs discussed include ashwagandha, boswellia, shilajit, guggul, gymnema,
Lord Krishna was an incarnation of Vishnu who displayed exemplary leadership during the Mahabharata war. As a leader, he possessed many qualities including simplicity, being a dependable friend, communicating tactfully, and managing people effectively. When Arjuna faltered on the battlefield, Krishna motivated him as a teacher by sharing the teachings of the Bhagavad Gita. Krishna achieved his goals of helping the righteous, destroying evil, and establishing Dharma. He demonstrated different leadership styles depending on the situation and adapted his approach based on the individuals. Krishna's leadership helped the Pandava army fight as a cohesive unit with a shared purpose, unlike the divided Kaurava army.
Saraswati is the Hindu goddess of knowledge, music, arts, wisdom and learning. She originated as a sacred river from the Rig Veda. As a goddess, she is depicted as holding a book, rosary and musical instrument and riding a swan or peacock. Myths from Hindu puranas associate her with Brahma as his wife or daughter, and sometimes with Vishnu. She gained prominence as a goddess during the later Puranic period of Hinduism. The ancient Saraswati river dried up around 2000-1700 BC but its course has recently been traced by archaeologists.
Krishna is an avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu who descended to restore righteousness in ancient India. As a youth in Vrindavan, Krishna displayed his divine qualities through playful pastoral acts that attracted great devotion, especially from the gopis led by Radha. As a young man in Mathura and Dwaraka, Krishna's divine nature was more overt as he destroyed evil forces. In the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna guides Arjuna and reveals himself as the supreme God. Krishna combines human and divine qualities to cultivate various forms of loving devotion among his followers.
The document provides information about the 15th International Conference on Ayurveda and Autoimmune Disorders taking place from October 9-11, 2015 in Santa Clara, California. It includes details about registration, the conference organizers and hosts, and lists 10 keynote speakers who will present on topics related to Ayurveda and autoimmune disorders.
The document discusses the salient features of Ayurveda Samhitas, which are the classical texts of Ayurveda. It notes that Samhitas systematically compile the eight clinical specialties (Ashtanga) of Ayurveda. The Samhitas exhibit characteristics like being followed by great physicians, having abundant and unambiguous subject matter, and conveying ideas clearly and without repetition. The Samhitas also establish fundamental Ayurvedic doctrines, take a nature-based and individualized approach to medicine, and enlighten on holistic living. They serve as the foundation and provide a broader view of health and treatment in Ayurveda.
Ayurveda is beneficial for the environment in several ways:
1) Ayurveda promotes forestation by cultivating herbs used for medicine and utilizing whole plants rather than extractions, which reduces environmental impact.
2) The waste produced by Ayurvedic hospitals and medicines is biodegradable and can be disposed of safely in the earth.
3) Ayurveda advocates animal conservation and uses animal products sustainably without killing animals when possible.
This document provides an overview of Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine, and its potential applications in veterinary practice. Some key points include:
- Ayurveda takes a holistic approach focusing on balancing the doshas, dhatus, malas and agni in the body. Diagnosis examines physical signs, questioning, and touch. Treatment includes purification therapies and alleviating imbalanced doshas.
- Many Indian herbs have been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and other beneficial properties for conditions like arthritis, skin infections, and parasites. Herbs discussed include ashwagandha, boswellia, shilajit, guggul, gymnema,
Lord Krishna was an incarnation of Vishnu who displayed exemplary leadership during the Mahabharata war. As a leader, he possessed many qualities including simplicity, being a dependable friend, communicating tactfully, and managing people effectively. When Arjuna faltered on the battlefield, Krishna motivated him as a teacher by sharing the teachings of the Bhagavad Gita. Krishna achieved his goals of helping the righteous, destroying evil, and establishing Dharma. He demonstrated different leadership styles depending on the situation and adapted his approach based on the individuals. Krishna's leadership helped the Pandava army fight as a cohesive unit with a shared purpose, unlike the divided Kaurava army.
Saraswati is the Hindu goddess of knowledge, music, arts, wisdom and learning. She originated as a sacred river from the Rig Veda. As a goddess, she is depicted as holding a book, rosary and musical instrument and riding a swan or peacock. Myths from Hindu puranas associate her with Brahma as his wife or daughter, and sometimes with Vishnu. She gained prominence as a goddess during the later Puranic period of Hinduism. The ancient Saraswati river dried up around 2000-1700 BC but its course has recently been traced by archaeologists.
Krishna is an avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu who descended to restore righteousness in ancient India. As a youth in Vrindavan, Krishna displayed his divine qualities through playful pastoral acts that attracted great devotion, especially from the gopis led by Radha. As a young man in Mathura and Dwaraka, Krishna's divine nature was more overt as he destroyed evil forces. In the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna guides Arjuna and reveals himself as the supreme God. Krishna combines human and divine qualities to cultivate various forms of loving devotion among his followers.
The document provides information about the 15th International Conference on Ayurveda and Autoimmune Disorders taking place from October 9-11, 2015 in Santa Clara, California. It includes details about registration, the conference organizers and hosts, and lists 10 keynote speakers who will present on topics related to Ayurveda and autoimmune disorders.
The document discusses the salient features of Ayurveda Samhitas, which are the classical texts of Ayurveda. It notes that Samhitas systematically compile the eight clinical specialties (Ashtanga) of Ayurveda. The Samhitas exhibit characteristics like being followed by great physicians, having abundant and unambiguous subject matter, and conveying ideas clearly and without repetition. The Samhitas also establish fundamental Ayurvedic doctrines, take a nature-based and individualized approach to medicine, and enlighten on holistic living. They serve as the foundation and provide a broader view of health and treatment in Ayurveda.
Ayurveda is beneficial for the environment in several ways:
1) Ayurveda promotes forestation by cultivating herbs used for medicine and utilizing whole plants rather than extractions, which reduces environmental impact.
2) The waste produced by Ayurvedic hospitals and medicines is biodegradable and can be disposed of safely in the earth.
3) Ayurveda advocates animal conservation and uses animal products sustainably without killing animals when possible.
The document discusses botanical science as described in Sanskrit literature and its contemporary relevance. It summarizes concepts from ancient Indian texts like the Vrkshayurveda, Mahabharata, Brhatsamhita related to plant anatomy, physiology, morphology. It provides classifications of plants from Caraka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita. It also discusses cognitive senses of plants with examples and references consciousness in plants based on concepts from Manusmriti and Mahabharata.
Ayurveda originated in India over 2,000 years ago. It developed from an oral tradition with roots possibly dating back to the Vedic civilization from 2800 BC. The earliest known texts are the Charaka Samhita and the Sushruta Samhita, which describe medical treatments and surgeries. Ayurvedic principles view health as a balance between the body, mind and spirit, and aim to prevent illness through healthy habits and treatments like herbs and massage. Ancient Indian physicians performed advanced surgeries and established some of the earliest hospitals. The golden age of Ayurveda spanned from 800 BC to 1000 AD, establishing it as a formalized science.
Famous people in india like Avani Chaturvedidrilers123
Flight Lieutenant Avani Chaturvedi ( 27 October 1993) is an Indian pilot from Rewa locale, Madhya Pradesh. She was pronounced as the principal battle pilot alongside two of her companions, Mohana Singh Jitarwal, and Bhawana Kanth. The trio was drafted into the Indian Air Force warrior squadron in June 2016.
The document discusses the importance of Sandhyavandanam and various aspects of performing it properly. It explains that Sandhyavandanam involves rituals like Achamanam, Pranayama, and Arghyam which have spiritual, scientific, and health benefits. Specifically, it notes that Achamanam lowers body heat, Pranayama focuses the mind and regulates breath, and Arghyam symbolically destroys negative influences while positively impacting water through mantras. Proper techniques like Anganyasa and Karanyasa in mantra japa are also emphasized for maximizing benefits.
The black mamba is Africa's most venomous snake. It can grow up to 14 feet long and weighs up to 3.5 kg. Though fast, it uses its speed to escape predators rather than hunt prey. It gets its name from the black color inside its mouth, not its skin which is typically olive to grey. Found in grasslands and woodlands of central, eastern, and southern Africa, it is mainly threatened by mongooses which prey on young snakes and eggs.
The document provides an introduction to the Caraka Samhita, a fundamental text of Ayurveda. It notes that the Caraka Samhita has 8 sections totaling 120 chapters and is primarily a text on internal medicine. It explains the basic principles of Ayurvedic science for healthy living. The summary briefly outlines some of the 8 sections and provides 3 short quotes from the text on the importance of diagnosis, the 3 doshas (vata, pitta, kapha), and the 8 branches of Ayurveda.
Charak & 50 Mahakashay – Part 2 – By Prof.Dr.R.R.deshpande
• This Topic is very Popular in Ayurvedic field .This 50 Groups are like Readyrecknor or Practical Prescriber for Ayurvedic Medical Practice. This Topic is a part of Syllabus in 2 subjects of BAMS course –1) Dravyaguna vignyan ( Paper 1 Part A ,Point 10 –Dashemani Gan 2) Charak Purvardha ( Charak Sutrasthan ,Chaper 4 –Shadvirechan Shatiya) .Each group consists of 10 Herbs .So 50 x 10 = 500 Herbs .But unfortunately many Herbs are controversial & many are not available .Students will easily now note ,which plants are not available from this PPT .Also this PPT will explain the Pharmacodynamics of these herbs .So students by their own intelligence can add other herbs also in this Group
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 9226810630
1) The document discusses the need for pharmacovigilance of Ayurvedic drugs containing metals like gold, silver, copper, and iron.
2) It provides the therapeutic and fatal doses of various metals used in Ayurveda and states that when prepared properly through processes like shodhana, they are safe for therapeutic use.
3) However, lack of knowledge about their identification, processing, and interactions necessitates pharmacovigilance to ensure their safe use and avoid adverse effects. The ultimate goal is the safe and effective use of herbo-mineral preparations to improve public health.
Ayurveda – the boon for NCD's & LSD's in public health.Kamal Sharma
This document discusses the role of Ayurveda in preventing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and lifestyle diseases. It outlines that Ayurveda's main aim is to maintain health and treat disease. It emphasizes following concepts like pathya-apathya (dos and don'ts), dinacharya (daily routines), rutucharya (seasonal routines), and rasayana (rejuvenation). Lifestyle diseases result from unhealthy lifestyle choices and can be prevented by adopting Ayurvedic principles like proper diet, cleansing practices, and stress management. Cardiovascular disease is a major global burden but Ayurvedic shodhana procedures can help clear blockages in blood vessels and
The Indian fox, also known as the Bengal fox, is a small fox species endemic to the Indian subcontinent. It inhabits grasslands, forests, and mountains from Nepal and India to Bangladesh. Indian foxes feed on small mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, and fruits. They live in pairs in burrows and give birth to litters of 4 kits after a 53 day gestation period. While widespread, Indian fox populations are declining due to habitat loss and hunting, though they remain listed as Least Concern.
This document provides a history of Ayurveda, beginning with its origins in the Vedic texts dating back to 3000 BC. It describes Ayurveda as a supplement to the Atharva Veda, which first described the eight branches of Ayurveda. The three major ancient Ayurvedic texts were Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and the works of Vagbhata in the 5th century AD. It traces the development of Ayurveda through sages like Atreya and the schools of Charaka and Sushruta.
Ayurveda defines health as a state of balance between the doshas (bodily humors), agni (digestive fire), dhatus (tissues), and malas (waste products). Agni plays an important role in digestion and metabolism. There are different types of agni in the body including jataragni (stomach fire), bhootagni (elemental fires), and dhatvagni (tissue fires). Jataragni separates food into nutrients and waste, while bhootagni and dhatvagni help nourish the tissues. A weakened or imbalanced agni can lead to the formation of ama (toxins) and disease. Proper diet, digestion
This document summarizes a pilot study on the management of generalized swelling (sarvanga sotha) with an herbal treatment called Vardhamana gudaardraka prayoga. The study aimed to assess the efficacy of this treatment in 5 patients with generalized swelling. The herbal treatment involved gradually increasing doses of ginger and jaggery over 30 days. The results showed 60% of patients experienced good or complete relief of symptoms, while 40% experienced moderate relief. No patients had poor or no relief. The treatment appeared to be an effective anti-inflammatory for generalized swelling.
Ayurveda originated over 5,000 years ago from the four main Hindu Vedas and is classified as an Up-Veda of the Atharva Veda. The earliest knowledge is contained in the Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya texts dating back 1,200 years. Ayurveda has eight branches including internal medicine, surgery, ophthalmology, toxicology, psychiatry, pediatrics/gynecology, rejuvenation, and fertility. Charaka, Sushruta, and Vagbhata were influential historical figures who wrote classical Ayurvedic texts and established schools of physicians and surgeons.
Psycho Somatic Effect of Six Tastes (Shad Ras) on Gut HealthShekhar Annambhotla
Dr. Shekhar Annambhotla, classically trained Ayurvedic Doctor (Vaidya), studied 9 years of medical school in India and practicing ayurveda over 3 decades. For more information, please visit our website: www.ojas.us or www.studyayurveda.com or www.aapna.org or www.globalayurvedaconferences.com
The term river system refers to a ‘river along with its tributaries’.
Based on their source, the Indian River system is classified in to - Himalayan Rivers and Peninsular Rivers.
The Himalayan Rivers, as the name suggests originate from the Himalayas and flow through the Northern Plains.
The major Himalayan River systems are
The Indus River System,
The Ganga River System
The Yamuna River System
The Brahmaputra River System
Peninsular River System or Peninsular Drainage emerges mainly from the Western Ghats. Since the Western Ghats form a ‘water divide’, these rivers either flow eastwards into the Bay of Bengal or into the Arabian Sea towards the west. Peninsular Rivers are basically ‘rain fed’ rivers.
The major Peninsular River Systems are:
Mahanadi
Godavari
Krishna
Cauvery
Drain into Bay of Bengal as they flow eastwards on the plateau and make ‘deltas’ at their mouths; whereas Narmada
Tapti - the west flowing rivers fall into the Arabian Sea and make ‘estuaries’.
not originate in glaciers, but are rain fed rivers. These rivers reduce considerably or dry up during summers.
This document provides stories from the traditions of Lord Jagannath in Puri, India. It begins with an index and prayers before launching into four stories:
1) The story of how Lord Jagannath, Baladeva, and Subhadra Devi appeared in their extraordinary forms to deliver the most fallen souls.
2) The story of Arjun Mishra, also known as Gita Panda, a devotee of Lord Jagannath who depended on the Lord during a famine.
3) The story of Bandhu Mohanty, a poor devotee of Lord Hari who faced hardship during a drought but maintained his devotion.
4) Additional details are provided about Lord
This document provides an overview of manuscriptology, the study of ancient manuscripts. It defines key terms like manuscripts, scripts, and preservation methods. The main points are:
1) Manuscriptology involves collecting, cataloging, transcribing, editing and publishing ancient manuscripts to preserve knowledge from the past.
2) India has over 5 million manuscripts spanning many subjects including Ayurveda. Only a small fraction have been published or digitized.
3) Challenges include preserving manuscripts from damage due to climate, pests and improper storage. New methods involve digitization and online databases.
4) Studying manuscripts requires expertise in languages, analytical methods, and specialized tasks like cataloging,
1. The document introduces Panchakarma, which are five Ayurvedic cleansing techniques used to eliminate toxins from the body. These include vomiting therapy, purgation therapy, medicated enema, oil enema, and nasal instillation of medicines.
2. Panchakarma aims to purge the vitiated doshas through natural elimination processes without incision. It is defined as treating imbalance of doshas through snehana and swedana over a period of time.
3. The document differentiates Panchakarma and shodhana, noting that while both aim to purge doshas, Panchakarma also includes therapies that do not eliminate doshas like basti.
Navratri is a nine-night festival celebrated in honor of the goddess Durga. It marks the victory of good over evil through Durga's defeat of the buffalo demon Mahishasura. During Navratri, devotees worship the nine forms of Durga over nine nights and pray for strength and blessings. The festival emphasizes virtues of morality, ethics, and equality for all people.
The document discusses the origins and nature of the Mother Goddess in Hindu theology. It states that Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva worship the Mother Goddess, who is the root of all creation and existence. She creates the universe through the interaction of different aspects of her divine power/energy. All gods are said to be her sons and derive their power from her. She is described as having many manifestations and aspects that take on different divine forms.
The document discusses botanical science as described in Sanskrit literature and its contemporary relevance. It summarizes concepts from ancient Indian texts like the Vrkshayurveda, Mahabharata, Brhatsamhita related to plant anatomy, physiology, morphology. It provides classifications of plants from Caraka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita. It also discusses cognitive senses of plants with examples and references consciousness in plants based on concepts from Manusmriti and Mahabharata.
Ayurveda originated in India over 2,000 years ago. It developed from an oral tradition with roots possibly dating back to the Vedic civilization from 2800 BC. The earliest known texts are the Charaka Samhita and the Sushruta Samhita, which describe medical treatments and surgeries. Ayurvedic principles view health as a balance between the body, mind and spirit, and aim to prevent illness through healthy habits and treatments like herbs and massage. Ancient Indian physicians performed advanced surgeries and established some of the earliest hospitals. The golden age of Ayurveda spanned from 800 BC to 1000 AD, establishing it as a formalized science.
Famous people in india like Avani Chaturvedidrilers123
Flight Lieutenant Avani Chaturvedi ( 27 October 1993) is an Indian pilot from Rewa locale, Madhya Pradesh. She was pronounced as the principal battle pilot alongside two of her companions, Mohana Singh Jitarwal, and Bhawana Kanth. The trio was drafted into the Indian Air Force warrior squadron in June 2016.
The document discusses the importance of Sandhyavandanam and various aspects of performing it properly. It explains that Sandhyavandanam involves rituals like Achamanam, Pranayama, and Arghyam which have spiritual, scientific, and health benefits. Specifically, it notes that Achamanam lowers body heat, Pranayama focuses the mind and regulates breath, and Arghyam symbolically destroys negative influences while positively impacting water through mantras. Proper techniques like Anganyasa and Karanyasa in mantra japa are also emphasized for maximizing benefits.
The black mamba is Africa's most venomous snake. It can grow up to 14 feet long and weighs up to 3.5 kg. Though fast, it uses its speed to escape predators rather than hunt prey. It gets its name from the black color inside its mouth, not its skin which is typically olive to grey. Found in grasslands and woodlands of central, eastern, and southern Africa, it is mainly threatened by mongooses which prey on young snakes and eggs.
The document provides an introduction to the Caraka Samhita, a fundamental text of Ayurveda. It notes that the Caraka Samhita has 8 sections totaling 120 chapters and is primarily a text on internal medicine. It explains the basic principles of Ayurvedic science for healthy living. The summary briefly outlines some of the 8 sections and provides 3 short quotes from the text on the importance of diagnosis, the 3 doshas (vata, pitta, kapha), and the 8 branches of Ayurveda.
Charak & 50 Mahakashay – Part 2 – By Prof.Dr.R.R.deshpande
• This Topic is very Popular in Ayurvedic field .This 50 Groups are like Readyrecknor or Practical Prescriber for Ayurvedic Medical Practice. This Topic is a part of Syllabus in 2 subjects of BAMS course –1) Dravyaguna vignyan ( Paper 1 Part A ,Point 10 –Dashemani Gan 2) Charak Purvardha ( Charak Sutrasthan ,Chaper 4 –Shadvirechan Shatiya) .Each group consists of 10 Herbs .So 50 x 10 = 500 Herbs .But unfortunately many Herbs are controversial & many are not available .Students will easily now note ,which plants are not available from this PPT .Also this PPT will explain the Pharmacodynamics of these herbs .So students by their own intelligence can add other herbs also in this Group
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 9226810630
1) The document discusses the need for pharmacovigilance of Ayurvedic drugs containing metals like gold, silver, copper, and iron.
2) It provides the therapeutic and fatal doses of various metals used in Ayurveda and states that when prepared properly through processes like shodhana, they are safe for therapeutic use.
3) However, lack of knowledge about their identification, processing, and interactions necessitates pharmacovigilance to ensure their safe use and avoid adverse effects. The ultimate goal is the safe and effective use of herbo-mineral preparations to improve public health.
Ayurveda – the boon for NCD's & LSD's in public health.Kamal Sharma
This document discusses the role of Ayurveda in preventing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and lifestyle diseases. It outlines that Ayurveda's main aim is to maintain health and treat disease. It emphasizes following concepts like pathya-apathya (dos and don'ts), dinacharya (daily routines), rutucharya (seasonal routines), and rasayana (rejuvenation). Lifestyle diseases result from unhealthy lifestyle choices and can be prevented by adopting Ayurvedic principles like proper diet, cleansing practices, and stress management. Cardiovascular disease is a major global burden but Ayurvedic shodhana procedures can help clear blockages in blood vessels and
The Indian fox, also known as the Bengal fox, is a small fox species endemic to the Indian subcontinent. It inhabits grasslands, forests, and mountains from Nepal and India to Bangladesh. Indian foxes feed on small mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, and fruits. They live in pairs in burrows and give birth to litters of 4 kits after a 53 day gestation period. While widespread, Indian fox populations are declining due to habitat loss and hunting, though they remain listed as Least Concern.
This document provides a history of Ayurveda, beginning with its origins in the Vedic texts dating back to 3000 BC. It describes Ayurveda as a supplement to the Atharva Veda, which first described the eight branches of Ayurveda. The three major ancient Ayurvedic texts were Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and the works of Vagbhata in the 5th century AD. It traces the development of Ayurveda through sages like Atreya and the schools of Charaka and Sushruta.
Ayurveda defines health as a state of balance between the doshas (bodily humors), agni (digestive fire), dhatus (tissues), and malas (waste products). Agni plays an important role in digestion and metabolism. There are different types of agni in the body including jataragni (stomach fire), bhootagni (elemental fires), and dhatvagni (tissue fires). Jataragni separates food into nutrients and waste, while bhootagni and dhatvagni help nourish the tissues. A weakened or imbalanced agni can lead to the formation of ama (toxins) and disease. Proper diet, digestion
This document summarizes a pilot study on the management of generalized swelling (sarvanga sotha) with an herbal treatment called Vardhamana gudaardraka prayoga. The study aimed to assess the efficacy of this treatment in 5 patients with generalized swelling. The herbal treatment involved gradually increasing doses of ginger and jaggery over 30 days. The results showed 60% of patients experienced good or complete relief of symptoms, while 40% experienced moderate relief. No patients had poor or no relief. The treatment appeared to be an effective anti-inflammatory for generalized swelling.
Ayurveda originated over 5,000 years ago from the four main Hindu Vedas and is classified as an Up-Veda of the Atharva Veda. The earliest knowledge is contained in the Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya texts dating back 1,200 years. Ayurveda has eight branches including internal medicine, surgery, ophthalmology, toxicology, psychiatry, pediatrics/gynecology, rejuvenation, and fertility. Charaka, Sushruta, and Vagbhata were influential historical figures who wrote classical Ayurvedic texts and established schools of physicians and surgeons.
Psycho Somatic Effect of Six Tastes (Shad Ras) on Gut HealthShekhar Annambhotla
Dr. Shekhar Annambhotla, classically trained Ayurvedic Doctor (Vaidya), studied 9 years of medical school in India and practicing ayurveda over 3 decades. For more information, please visit our website: www.ojas.us or www.studyayurveda.com or www.aapna.org or www.globalayurvedaconferences.com
The term river system refers to a ‘river along with its tributaries’.
Based on their source, the Indian River system is classified in to - Himalayan Rivers and Peninsular Rivers.
The Himalayan Rivers, as the name suggests originate from the Himalayas and flow through the Northern Plains.
The major Himalayan River systems are
The Indus River System,
The Ganga River System
The Yamuna River System
The Brahmaputra River System
Peninsular River System or Peninsular Drainage emerges mainly from the Western Ghats. Since the Western Ghats form a ‘water divide’, these rivers either flow eastwards into the Bay of Bengal or into the Arabian Sea towards the west. Peninsular Rivers are basically ‘rain fed’ rivers.
The major Peninsular River Systems are:
Mahanadi
Godavari
Krishna
Cauvery
Drain into Bay of Bengal as they flow eastwards on the plateau and make ‘deltas’ at their mouths; whereas Narmada
Tapti - the west flowing rivers fall into the Arabian Sea and make ‘estuaries’.
not originate in glaciers, but are rain fed rivers. These rivers reduce considerably or dry up during summers.
This document provides stories from the traditions of Lord Jagannath in Puri, India. It begins with an index and prayers before launching into four stories:
1) The story of how Lord Jagannath, Baladeva, and Subhadra Devi appeared in their extraordinary forms to deliver the most fallen souls.
2) The story of Arjun Mishra, also known as Gita Panda, a devotee of Lord Jagannath who depended on the Lord during a famine.
3) The story of Bandhu Mohanty, a poor devotee of Lord Hari who faced hardship during a drought but maintained his devotion.
4) Additional details are provided about Lord
This document provides an overview of manuscriptology, the study of ancient manuscripts. It defines key terms like manuscripts, scripts, and preservation methods. The main points are:
1) Manuscriptology involves collecting, cataloging, transcribing, editing and publishing ancient manuscripts to preserve knowledge from the past.
2) India has over 5 million manuscripts spanning many subjects including Ayurveda. Only a small fraction have been published or digitized.
3) Challenges include preserving manuscripts from damage due to climate, pests and improper storage. New methods involve digitization and online databases.
4) Studying manuscripts requires expertise in languages, analytical methods, and specialized tasks like cataloging,
1. The document introduces Panchakarma, which are five Ayurvedic cleansing techniques used to eliminate toxins from the body. These include vomiting therapy, purgation therapy, medicated enema, oil enema, and nasal instillation of medicines.
2. Panchakarma aims to purge the vitiated doshas through natural elimination processes without incision. It is defined as treating imbalance of doshas through snehana and swedana over a period of time.
3. The document differentiates Panchakarma and shodhana, noting that while both aim to purge doshas, Panchakarma also includes therapies that do not eliminate doshas like basti.
Navratri is a nine-night festival celebrated in honor of the goddess Durga. It marks the victory of good over evil through Durga's defeat of the buffalo demon Mahishasura. During Navratri, devotees worship the nine forms of Durga over nine nights and pray for strength and blessings. The festival emphasizes virtues of morality, ethics, and equality for all people.
The document discusses the origins and nature of the Mother Goddess in Hindu theology. It states that Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva worship the Mother Goddess, who is the root of all creation and existence. She creates the universe through the interaction of different aspects of her divine power/energy. All gods are said to be her sons and derive their power from her. She is described as having many manifestations and aspects that take on different divine forms.
1. The document discusses the status and roles of women in Hindu dharma based on ancient Hindu scriptures and traditions. It provides examples of women mentioned in the Vedas and serving as priests, sages, and deities.
2. Hinduism is described as unique among major religions for worshipping God in both masculine and feminine forms. Goddesses and female consorts of male deities are given equal importance.
3. The document highlights examples of women in history who served as warriors, queens, and social reformers, as well as women saints and spiritual leaders in Hinduism.
I. Hindu scriptures accord women a high status, with many hymns in the Vedas composed by women priests and goddesses being worshipped equally alongside male gods.
II. Hinduism is unique in worshipping the divine feminine through goddesses like Devi, Lakshmi, and Saraswati. Key Hindu concepts like Shakti and the Vedas themselves are represented through feminine symbols.
III. Throughout history, women in Hinduism have excelled as spiritual leaders, warriors, rulers and social reformers, playing multiple roles while upholding dharma.
Divine descent, known as avatara in Hinduism, refers to deities incarnating in human or other forms to restore balance. The earliest reference is in the Bhagavad Gita where Krishna explains taking births to fulfill duties. Avatars typically portray ideals like righteousness and defeating forces of chaos. The most prominent avatar is Vishnu, including his ten major descents known as the Dashavatara. These avatars symbolize human evolution from fish to enlightened man. Krishna and Rama are highly revered avatar figures celebrated in festivals like Rama Navami. Divine descent allows for devotion and helps uphold the wills of the gods.
Sheshnag: Story, method of worship, importance, and SheshnagAstroindusoot
Lord Vishnu is usually depicted resting on Sheshnag. Vishal Nag is considered to be a worshiper or devotee of Lord Vishnu. He is believed to have appeared on earth in human forms or avatars such as Lakshmana, brother of Rama, an avatar of Lord Vishnu during Treta Yuga, and Balarama, a form of Lord Vishnu during Dwapara Yuga. According to the Mahabharata, his father was believed to be sage Kashyapa and his mother was Kadru.
https://astroindusoot.com/
Sheshnag: Story, method of worship, importance, and SheshnagAstroindusoot
Lord Vishnu is usually depicted resting on Sheshnag. Vishal Nag is considered to be a worshiper or devotee of Lord Vishnu. He is believed to have appeared on earth in human forms or avatars such as Lakshmana, brother of Rama, an avatar of Lord Vishnu during Treta Yuga, and Balarama, a form of Lord Vishnu during Dwapara Yuga. According to the Mahabharata, his father was believed to be sage Kashyapa and his mother was Kadru.
https://astroindusoot.com/
This document discusses the status and roles of women in Hindu Dharma and scriptures through various examples and evidence:
- Women were respected sages and contributed to the authorship of major Hindu scriptures like the Vedas. Several mantras and hymns are attributed to women.
- Major Hindu deities include both masculine and feminine forms. God is depicted as both male and female, or as an androgynous figure. Feminine deities like Saraswati, Lakshmi, and Durga are an integral part of Hindu theology.
- Historical examples of women warriors, rulers, and spiritual figures who played important social and political roles are provided, demonstrating high status for
Durga is a Hindu goddess with many forms and aspects. She is considered a form of Parvati and the cosmic primordial mother goddess. She has numerous names that each represent a different power or pastime. Durga battles demons and destroys evil or negative tendencies. She takes forms like Mahishasuramardini who slays the buffalo demon Mahishasura. Durga represents both the material world which imprisons souls, as well as spiritual liberation through her form as Yogamaya.
Related MaterialLesson 8 (ntro to Hinduism and Shiva Stories .docxdebishakespeare
Related Material:
Lesson 8 (ntro to Hinduism and Shiva Stories )
Major aspects of the Hindu Trimurti/Shaktis
Illustrations
·
· PrintMy Notes|PreviousNextUpTopIndex
·
Brahma, the creator aspect Sarasvati, consort/wife (Shakti) of Brahma
-Often depicted with his mount, the white swan -Represents knowledge and learning
-Rarely figures in the stories -Often depicted with books/musical instruments
Lakshmi, consort/wife (Shakti) of Vishnu
-Often shown with her mount, a white elephant
-Represents beauty, etc.
-Is most often the avatar aspect, e.g. Sita
Vishnu, the preserver aspect
-Often pictured with his mount, the bird Garuda
-Is most often the avatar aspect, e.g. Rama, Krishna
Shiva, the destroyer aspect
-Often depicted with his mount, the white bull Nandi
-Often depicted with snakes and/or skulls around his neck
-Often is shown with a third eye in the middle of his forehead
-Often is shown with a blue throat (from swallowing the world poison)
Shiva's wives/consorts (Shaktis) include:
Uma, pictured here with her mount, a lion
Parvati, pictured here w/Shiva and their son, Ganesha, the elephant-headed God
and Kali, representing death and motherhood, often depicted with skulls, a bloody tongue, and standing on Shiva
The Churning of the Ocean
Remember that in this myth, the names of the members of the Trimurti change with their functions at any given time, but God is still the same. This myth is more properly called a myth of manifestation instead of a creation myth because Hinduism does not recognize an "original" creation. Creation takes place as part of a cycle of creation, destruction, re-creation. This is the destructive phase of the cycle. Shiva, the destructive aspect of the Trimuriti, is "insulted" (metaphorically representing the decline of the state of the world) and destroys the world. After the "ruin," the world is re-created. Note that even though the members of the Trimurti are one, they often speak to each other, and at times seem to be unaware that they are all part of one deity. The creation metaphor used here is the churning of milk into butter. Milk is a fertility element (hence, critical to the creation) as nourishment (breast-feeding). The "milky" ocean, with the mountain (or the churning stick) as the phallic symbol, is also the semen. In a literal sense, the churning of the ocean represented as the churning of milk into butter. In this myth, "good" and "evil" work together, as the Gods pull the snake (rope) from one side and the "demons" pull the rope from the other. Although they are pulling in opposite directions, their purpose is the same (to churn the ocean). As in the Native Am ...
The Trimurti are the three primary aspects of the divine in Hinduism - Brahma the creator, Vishnu the preserver, and Shiva the destroyer. Each has distinct iconography and roles: Brahma has four heads, Vishnu holds a conch and discus, and Shiva dances in cycles of creation and destruction. They represent different aspects of the supreme being Brahman. Hinduism differs from Islam in allowing multiple representations of the divine rather than one singular God.
Brahman is the supreme, genderless spiritual essence in Hinduism. Smarta Hinduism sees multiple gods as aspects of Brahman. The Trimurti - Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva - represent the three primary creative, preservative, and destructive functions of the divine. Brahma created the universe, Vishnu preserves it, and Shiva transforms it. While Hinduism recognizes many gods, Smarta views them as manifestations of the singular Brahman.
Sai Muruli contributed this beautiful presentation he made for Sai devotees. Kindly pray for his child's good health... Shirdi Saibaba blessings to Sai devotees who watch this presentation ! . Sai Ki jai
http://www.starsai.com/
Rasa Theory with reference to Bharatas Natyashastrana hi RAS.docxmakdul
Rasa Theory with reference to Bharata's Natyashastra
"na hi RASAdrite kaschidarthah pravartate"1
Bharata Muni very emphatically states in the Rasadhyaya of Natyashastra that "no meaningful idea is conveyed if the "Rasa" is not evoked."
The very core of the Sanskrit Natya theory is the creation of "Rasa". Every dramatic presentation was aimed at evoking in the minds of the audience a particular kind of aesthetic experience, which is described as "Rasa". The concept of "Rasa" is the most important and significant contribution of the Indian mind to aesthetics. The study of aesthetics deals with the realization of beauty in art, its relish or enjoyment, and the awareness of joy/or Ananda that accompanies an experience of beauty. Rasa has no equivalent in word or concept in any other language or art of the world hitherto known to us. The closest explanation can be 'aesthetic relish'.
We do come across the mention of Natasutras of Silalin and Krishasva by Panini, prior to Bharata's Natyashastra, yet, it is only Bharatamuni who seems to have given a scientific analysis and codification of the concept of Rasa. Bharata says that Natya is the imitation of life (lokanukruti) wherein the various human emotions have to be dramatically glorified (bhavanukirtanam) so that the spectator is able to flavor the portrayed pleasure and pain (lokasya sukhaduhkha) as Natyarasa. This Rasa experience will entertain and enlighten the spectator who hence becomes the 'Rasika'.
The word Rasa is derived from the root 'rasah' meaning sap or juice, taste, flavour, relish. The extract of a fruit is referred to as 'rasa,' which itself is the essence of it, the ultimate flavour of it. Bharata succinctly encapsulates the theory of Rasa in his most famous formula-like Rasa sutra thus: "vibhavanubhavavyabhicharisanyogatRASAnishpattih."1
The aesthetic relish is produced (rasanishpattih) by a combination of the determinants (vibhava), consequents (anubhava), and transitory states or fleeting emotions (vyabhicharibhava). He explains Rasa as the essence derived from the various ingredients. He gives the parallel of the extract, rasa, got from various condiments, having different tastes, when combined becomes delectable to taste. Hence, that which can be tasted or flavored (asvadya) can be termed as Rasa. Just as the gourmet with a refined taste relishes good food, so also cultured and learned persons taste and relish the well established dominant mood (sthayibhava) created by various bhavas and abhinaya.2 This aesthetic relish, which is possible only through mental perception, is termed as 'natyarasa'. Even the terms vibhava, anubhava, and vyabhicharibhava refer only to stage representations, not to realities of life. It naturally follows that what they produce should only be 'natya rasa' (sentiments pertaining to the dramatic spectacle). One enjoys experiencing the emotions with the artistes, and sometimes even visibly expresses it by shedding tears or laughing spontaneously. ...
THE APPEARANCE OF LORD VISHNU AND ITS SYMBOLISM.Astroindusoot
Lord Vishnu is one of the most important and revered deities of the Hindu pantheon. He is part of the holy divine trinity of Brahma, Vishnu, and Mahesh according to Hinduism, where Lord Brahma is the creator, Lord Shiva is depicted as the destroyer or transformer and Lord Vishnu is the preserver of the universe, the protector of all. field of existence. This Hindu triad signifies that all three divine powers are part of one. However, the Puranas also say that Lord Brahma came into existence from a lotus, which appeared from the navel of Lord Vishnu. So according to this legend, Lord Vishnu is the one who was responsible for Lord Brahma, the creator of the universe.
https://astroindusoot.com/
THE APPEARANCE OF LORD VISHNU AND ITS SYMBOLISM.Astroindusoot
Lord Vishnu is one of the most important and revered deities of the Hindu pantheon. He is part of the holy divine trinity of Brahma, Vishnu, and Mahesh according to Hinduism, where Lord Brahma is the creator, Lord Shiva is depicted as the destroyer or transformer and Lord Vishnu is the preserver of the universe, the protector of all. field of existence. This Hindu triad signifies that all three divine powers are part of one. However, the Puranas also say that Lord Brahma came into existence from a lotus, which appeared from the navel of Lord Vishnu. So according to this legend, Lord Vishnu is the one who was responsible for Lord Brahma, the creator of the universe.
https://astroindusoot.com/
The document discusses the female form of the Hindu deity Ganesh, known as Vinayaki or Ganeshvari. According to some Puranas, Vinayaki was considered one of the female warrior goddesses. She was particularly revered in Tantric practices, which often represented divine ideas through female forms rather than male forms. The document also notes that the fourth day after the new moon is called Vinayaki Chaturthi and is dedicated to the female form of Ganesh.
Shukra, also known as Venus, is the guru of the asuras and daityas. He is depicted as riding a crocodile or chariot pulled by seven horses. Shukra presides over Fridays and is the son of Bhrigu. He imparts knowledge of political science and revives the dead. In astrology, Shukra represents love, beauty, wealth and is considered beneficial. However, too much influence can cause indulgence without accomplishment. Shukra is significant as an indicator of marriage, spouse and prosperity in one's life.
Hinduism recognizes the equal status and important roles of women in many areas of society and spirituality according to ancient scriptures and traditions:
1) Women were respected Vedic sages and some Vedic hymns were authored by women. Key Hindu scriptures like the Upanishads also feature women sages prominently.
2) Major Hindu goddesses like Lakshmi, Saraswati, and Durga are revered as consorts of the main gods and represent important qualities like prosperity, knowledge and power.
3) Historical examples show women could be queens, warriors, philanthropists and spiritual figures like saints in Hinduism. Figures such as Rani Rashmoni
Vaishnavism and Shaivism are the two major traditions in Hinduism. Vaishnavism focuses on the worship of Vishnu and his ten avatars, believing Vishnu to be the supreme manifestation of the divine. Shaivism focuses on the worship of Shiva, who is seen as both a terrifying and mild deity that destroys and restores. Both traditions believe in worshipping God through manifestations and icons, with devotees perceiving icons as actual manifestations of the deities.
Similar to Saraswati the goddess_of_knowledge_by_dr.swanand_s._pathak (20)
Integrated teaching in medical education aims to coordinate different teaching activities to ensure effective learning. It is needed due to the growth and fragmentation of medical disciplines over time. Integration can be horizontal between disciplines of the same phase, vertical between disciplines of different phases, or both. Learning modules are planned units that take a multidisciplinary approach to a topic, problem, or task. They specify objectives, teaching methods, resources, and evaluation. Module development involves choosing a focus, identifying departments, planning teaching and assessment, and revising based on feedback. Benefits include minimizing contradictions and repetition for students while allowing collaboration for teachers. Drawbacks can include modules becoming too complex or fragmented learning.
Anomalous spiritual experiences can be both true and false, requiring differentiation. True spiritual experiences involve experiencing eternal happiness or bliss and are verified through criteria like being repeatable and causing positive life changes. False experiences may be pathological and require treatment. Spiritual experiences have been studied scientifically through fields like neurotheology, which examines brain regions involved, and transpersonal psychology, which studies transcendent experiences. Vedanta philosophy defines spiritual experience as experiencing the eternal reality or bliss of Brahman and provides methods like yoga and association with holy men to enhance experiences of the supernatural. Both science and Vedanta point to a combination of approaches involving psychiatry, psychology and philosophy to understand the nature and occurrence of anomalous spiritual experiences.
This document discusses the concepts of psychopharmacogenomics and provides examples of its applications. It begins by defining key terms like pharmacogenomics, pharmacogenetics, and psychopharmacogenomics. It then discusses the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug metabolism and response variability. The document provides examples of how genetic polymorphisms can impact drug dosage requirements and adverse reactions for medications metabolized by CYP2C9 and CYP2D6. Finally, it summarizes findings from pharmacogenomic studies on antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics in relation to specific genes.
This document discusses the concepts of chronopharmacology. It begins by defining chronology, rhythm, and chronobiology. It then defines chronopharmacology as the study of rhythmic differences in drug effects and pharmacokinetics based on biological timing. The document outlines that chronopharmacology is subdivided into chronopharmacokinetics, chronotoxicity, chronesthesy, and chronotherapy. It provides examples of applying chronopharmacology concepts to treat conditions like hypertension, asthma, peptic ulcers, and psychiatric disorders by timing drug administration to biological rhythms. The document concludes by acknowledging references used.
Essay questions can assess higher-order thinking but have disadvantages. BAQs and SAQs test restricted knowledge through short answers while LAQs require longer discussion but lack objectivity. Well-structured questions like SAQs, PMPs, and MEQs provide better coverage and validity by testing specific areas through smaller questions and examples. Creating high-quality essay questions requires more skill than answering to ensure questions adequately assess intended topics subjectively.
The document discusses the Competency-based Integrated System of Postgraduate Medical Education (CISP). It proposes shifting from a conventional to a student-centered, problem-based, integrated, community-based, elective, and systemic curriculum. CISP includes 10 modules, with 4 ready in 2013 and 4 more in the pipeline. The foundation course objectives are to orient students to the medical field and develop skills like language, relationships, communication, learning, and stress management. The foundation course would last 2 months and require communication/clinical skills labs and professional expertise.
The forces involved in this witchcraft spell will re-establish the loving bond between you and help to build a strong, loving relationship from which to start anew. Despite any previous hardships or problems, the spell work will re-establish the strong bonds of friendship and love upon which the marriage and relationship originated. Have faith, these stop divorce and stop separation spells are extremely powerful and will reconnect you and your partner in a strong and harmonious relationship.
My ritual will not only stop separation and divorce, but rebuild a strong bond between you and your partner that is based on truth, honesty, and unconditional love. For an even stronger effect, you may want to consider using the Eternal Love Bond spell to ensure your relationship and love will last through all tests of time. If you have not yet determined if your partner is considering separation or divorce, but are aware of rifts in the relationship, try the Love Spells to remove problems in a relationship or marriage. Keep in mind that all my love spells are 100% customized and that you'll only need 1 spell to address all problems/wishes.
Save your marriage from divorce & make your relationship stronger using anti divorce spells to make him or her fall back in love with you. End your marriage if you are no longer in love with your husband or wife. Permanently end your marriage using divorce spells that work fast. Protect your marriage from divorce using love spells to boost commitment, love & bind your hearts together for a stronger marriage that will last. Get your ex lover who has remarried using divorce spells to break up a couple & make your ex lost lover come back to you permanently.
Visit https://www.profbalaj.com/love-spells-loves-spells-that-work/
Call/WhatsApp +27836633417 for more info.
A Free eBook ~ Valuable LIFE Lessons to Learn ( 5 Sets of Presentations)...OH TEIK BIN
A free eBook comprising 5 sets of PowerPoint presentations of meaningful stories /Inspirational pieces that teach important Dhamma/Life lessons. For reflection and practice to develop the mind to grow in love, compassion and wisdom. The texts are in English and Chinese.
My other free eBooks can be obtained from the following Links:
https://www.slideshare.net/ohteikbin/presentations
https://www.slideshare.net/ohteikbin/documents
The Book of Samuel is a book in the Hebrew Bible, found as two books in the Old Testament. The book is part of the Deuteronomistic history, a series of books that constitute a theological history of the Israelites and that aim to explain God's law for Israel under the guidance of the prophets.
Sanatan Vastu | Experience Great Living | Vastu ExpertSanatan Vastu
Santan Vastu Provides Vedic astrology courses & Vastu remedies, If you are searching Vastu for home, Vastu for kitchen, Vastu for house, Vastu for Office & Factory. Best Vastu in Bahadurgarh. Best Vastu in Delhi NCR
A375 Example Taste the taste of the Lord, the taste of the Lord The taste of...franktsao4
It seems that current missionary work requires spending a lot of money, preparing a lot of materials, and traveling to far away places, so that it feels like missionary work. But what was the result they brought back? It's just a lot of photos of activities, fun eating, drinking and some playing games. And then we have to do the same thing next year, never ending. The church once mentioned that a certain missionary would go to the field where she used to work before the end of his life. It seemed that if she had not gone, no one would be willing to go. The reason why these missionary work is so difficult is that no one obeys God’s words, and the Bible is not the main content during missionary work, because in the eyes of those who do not obey God’s words, the Bible is just words and cannot be connected with life, so Reading out God's words is boring because it doesn't have any life experience, so it cannot be connected with human life. I will give a few examples in the hope that this situation can be changed. A375
Trusting God's Providence | Verse: Romans 8: 28-31JL de Belen
Trusting God's Providence.
Providence - God’s active preservation and care over His creation. God is both the Creator and the Sustainer of all things Heb. 1:2-3; Col. 1:17
-God keep His promises.
-God’s general providence is toward all creation
- All things were made through Him
God’s special providence is toward His children.
We may suffer now, but joy can and will come
God can see what we cannot see
The Book of Ruth is included in the third division, or the Writings, of the Hebrew Bible. In most Christian canons it is treated as one of the historical books and placed between Judges and 1 Samuel.
Protector & Destroyer: Agni Dev (The Hindu God of Fire)Exotic India
So let us turn the pages of ancient Indian literature and get to know more about Agni, the mighty purifier of all things, worshipped in Indian culture as a God since the Vedic time.
The Enchantment and Shadows_ Unveiling the Mysteries of Magic and Black Magic...Phoenix O
This manual will guide you through basic skills and tasks to help you get started with various aspects of Magic. Each section is designed to be easy to follow, with step-by-step instructions.
Heartfulness Magazine - June 2024 (Volume 9, Issue 6)heartfulness
Dear readers,
This month we continue with more inspiring talks from the Global Spirituality Mahotsav that was held from March 14 to 17, 2024, at Kanha Shanti Vanam.
We hear from Daaji on lifestyle and yoga in honor of International Day of Yoga, June 21, 2024. We also hear from Professor Bhavani Rao, Dean at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, on spirituality in action, the Venerable BhikkuSanghasena on how to be an ambassador for compassion, Dr. Tony Nader on the Maharishi Effect, Swami Mukundananda on the crossroads of modernization, Tejinder Kaur Basra on the purpose of work, the Venerable GesheDorjiDamdul on the psychology of peace, the Rt. Hon. Patricia Scotland, KC, Secretary-General of the Commonwealth, on how we are all related, and world-renowned violinist KumareshRajagopalan on the uplifting mysteries of music.
Dr. Prasad Veluthanar shares an Ayurvedic perspective on treating autism, Dr. IchakAdizes helps us navigate disagreements at work, Sravan Banda celebrates World Environment Day by sharing some tips on land restoration, and Sara Bubber tells our children another inspiring story and challenges them with some fun facts and riddles.
Happy reading,
The editors
The Hope of Salvation - Jude 1:24-25 - MessageCole Hartman
Jude gives us hope at the end of a dark letter. In a dark world like today, we need the light of Christ to shine brighter and brighter. Jude shows us where to fix our focus so we can be filled with God's goodness and glory. Join us to explore this incredible passage.
2. 1
SARASWATI THE GODDESS OF
KNOWLEDGE
3451678989A1B8CD8E
1
2
1
3. 1
Preface
It is believed that any intellectual endeavor
should begin with the blessings of goddess
Saraswati. Here is a small effort on my part to
compile and write about Goddess Saraswati so
as to spread the message of worship of the
goddess for the benefit of those who want to
utilize the knowledge to attain moksha. I
greatly acknowledge the help rendered by
Shri. S. T. Pathak and Smt. M. A. Borkar in
editing the booklet. Let me very humbly offer
the book at the lotus feet of goddess Saraswati.
Dr. Swanand S. Pathak
Wardha
26th November 2010.
1
F
1
4. 1
Hinduism considers Saraswati as the goddess
of knowledge, music and arts. It is considered
that all the types of knowledge may it be the
bookish knowledge or the ultimate divine
knowledge about Brahman it is passed to the
human race by Saraswati. Considered as one of
the many aspects of adi Shakti, Saraswati is the
embodiment of existence itself. In the folklore
of Durga Puja in Bengal, Saraswati is
considered to be a daughter of Shiva along with
her sister Lakshmi and her brothers Ganesha
and Karthikeya but in some Puranas (like
Skanda Purana) she is sister of Shiva
(Shivaanujaa).
We get the reference of Saraswati in various
other Puranas with some interesting accounts
associated.
The Puranas relate Saraswati to Brahma and
Vishnu. Most frequently, she is associated with
Brahma. Her connection with him dates earlier
than to any other God. She is portrayed mostly
as his wife and occasionally as his daughter.
When Vishnu’s popularity in India increased,
myths relating Saraswati to him appeared.
Saraswati and Brahma
When Saraswati is pictured as a wife of
Brahma, she is usually portrayed as white
1
1
5. 1
complexioned, wearing white or yellow
garments, and accompanied by a peacock or a
swan or both (symbols of Brahma).
Story of origin of Brahma’s five heads due to
Saraswati (From the Matsya Purana)
Brahma created Satarupa (Saraswati) out of his
own body, and got charmed with her. He was
looking at her affectionately. In order to avoid
his glances, Satarupa turned to the right side
from his gaze. In order to see her then, Brahma
created a second head. As she passed to his left
and his rear, in order to avoid his lustful
glances, two other heads of the god
successively appeared. At last she sprang to the
sky, and following her, a fifth head of Brahma
was also formed.
Brahma’s Great Sacrifice and origination of
Saraswati (From the Skanda Purana)
Brahma decided to perform a great sacrifice
and for that purpose he and his wife Savitri
went to Pushkara. When all the preparations
were made with due rites and ceremonies for
performing the sacrifice, Savitri, detained by
some household affairs, was not in attendance.
A priest was immediately advised to call her.
But she replied that she had not yet completed
her dress, nor arranged several affairs. Since
1
1
6. 1
without a wife no advantage could be derived
by performing a sacrifice, Brahma advised
Indra to bring a wife from wherever he could
find one. Indra proceeded accordingly and, he
found a milkmaid Gayatri (another name for
Saraswati) who was young, beautiful. Indra
seized her and brought to the assembly. Then
Brahma told that he would take up the
milkmaid and she would be regarded as the
mother of the Vedas. Thus Brahma was united
with Gayatri. At this time Savitri, accompanied
by the wives of Vishnu, Rudra and other Gods,
come to the place of sacrifice. Seeing the
milkmaid in the bride’s dress, Savitri became
furious and cursed Brahma and all the other
Gods and left. But Gayatri repaired most of the
curses by performing proper sacrifices.
Origin of Saraswati and her marriage to
Vishnu (From the Brahma-Vaivarta
Purana)
Once Krishna felt an inclination to create and
thus sprang from him Radha, his shakti. Their
union produced an egg, which Radha threw
into the waters. Krishna was angry at this
unmotherly conduct of Radha and cursed her
with everlasting youth and barrenness. At this
point, suddenly from the lip of Radha sprang
forth a lovely daughter Saraswati of white
1
8. 1
complexion wearing yellow dress, decorated
with jewels and holding a veena and a book in
her hands. Radha again parted herself into two
and her left half was transformed into Kamala
or Lakshmi. At this, Krishna also parted into
two and produced the four-armed Vishnu from
the left side of his body. Krishna gave
Saraswati and Lakshmi to Vishnu as wives.
Fight between Saraswati and Ganga (From
the Brahma-Vaivarta Purana)
Besides Saraswati, Vishnu married Ganga. One
day Ganga was looking lovingly at her
husband, and Vishnu was reciprocating the
glances. This was too much for Saraswati who
began to accuse Vishnu of partiality. Vishnu
left the place to give Saraswati time to calm
down. But this only served to anger Saraswati
more. She advanced threateningly to Ganga
when Lakshmi intervened. Lakshmi held
Saraswati away from Ganga. Saraswati then
cursed Lakshmi. Vishnu, having found out
about what happened, cursed both Saraswati
and Ganga with transformation into rivers, and
also gave both of them to other husbands.
Saraswati was given to Brahma and Ganga to
Shiva.
1
1
9. 1
Whatever may be the mythological reference,
Saraswati enjoys the highest seat of knowledge
in Hinduism. Not only in Hinduism Saraswati
has an important place in Buddhism too. She is
respected as a Guardian Deity in Buddhism
who upholds the teachings of Gautam Buddha
by offering protection and assistance to
practitioners along their spiritual path towards
liberation.
Meaning of Saraswati
The name Saraswati is a combination of two
words ‘Saras’ meaning flow and ‘Wati’
meaning a woman. Here the flow depicts the
flow of knowledge, music and arts. In fact in
the ancient scriptures we have the mythological
river Saraswati along with other sacred rivers
Ganga, Yamuna, Sindhu and Kaveri. In
Hinduism, Saraswati represents intelligence,
consciousness, cosmic knowledge, creativity,
education.
Description
The idol of goddess Saraswati itself is the
origination of most pure and serene vibrations.
Saraswati’s female form demonstrates the great
respect and recognition that women held in the
vedic tradition. She stands for tolerance, as well
1
1
10. 1
as moral and spiritual strength. She can
withstand roughness and bear pain.
Clad in simple white robes with very minimal
jewels she sits on the white lotus supporting
veena with one hand and playing it with
another , a mala or rosary of crystals held in
third and Vedas in fourth hand. Her four arms
denote four sides suggesting her omnipresence.1
She is never shown giving Ashirvaad or
blessings. This reconfirms the Gita saar, “Just
do your karma don’t wait for results.” She
hands no weapon to prove that knowledge is all
powerful51 She is always seated next to a stream
clean flowing river. She is very fond of hamsa
the white swan and peacock. The swan is
considered as her vahana (hamsa vahini)
sometimes she is also shown riding the peacock
(mayur vahini)
The white color associated with goddess
represents absolute truth and purity of true
knowledge. The scarcity of jewels suggests her
preference of knowledge over the worldly
things as gold and money. This might be one
reason of goddesses Lakshmi and Saraswati
very rarely coming together. Besides denoting
four sides her four arms also represent the four
aspects of human personality in learning
namely mind (mana), intellect (buddhi),
alertness (chitta), and ego (ahankara).
1
1
11. 1
The lotus represents supreme knowledge in
activity. It is a symbol of evolution and
detachment. It makes its way through the ocean
of life by rising above its surface–it is the path
from the outer being to the inner being.
She is offering Vedas to her devotees
suggesting she is the composer of Vedas and all
the knowledge with letters. Placing it in the left
hand means that acquisition and application of
knowledge should be controlled by the softer
side of the human personality. Saraswati gives
the essence of one’s self. She provides us with
the divine and spiritual knowledge of our lives.
She is a representation of the science of life, or
the vedanta, which attempts to unravel the
essentials of human existence and the universe
concealed within. She points to the ultimate
aim of human life which is to realize the true
nature of the self even if it requires an
enormous amount of determination,
perseverance and patience.
The rosary or mala represents the poetic form,
it also symbolizes concentration or the
meditative process involved in the acquisition
of knowledge.
Veena represents the eternal cosmic music. The
Veena points to the collective sound of all our
thoughts and actions as it is manifest as music
in the cosmic universe. It marks the withdrawal
1
1
12. 1
of the senses and the focus needed to attain
knowledge. Placing the left hand on top of the
veena closer to the heart shows that knowledge
should be used for the good of others. Placing
the right hand on the bottom shows that
negative knowledge should be kept under
control. The veena points to the potential for
the negative and positive purposes of
knowledge–the choice is left to the person as to
which type of knowledge is used. In fact there
is a special type of veena called Saraswati
veena. The Saraswati veena is considered as
one of the oldest instruments known to the
mankind.
The sacred water flowing in the river represents
purity of thought and action and her close
association with the river Saraswati. The
Saraswati River is one of the chief Rig Vedic
rivers mentioned in ancient Hindu texts. The
Nadistuti hymn in the Rig-Veda mentions the
Saraswati between the Yamuna in the east and
the Sutlej in the west, and later Vedic texts like
Tandya and Jaiminiya Brahmanas as well as the
Mahabharata mention that the Saraswati dried
up in a desert. According to some; goddess
Saraswati was originally a personification of
this river, but later developed an independent
identity and meaning.
1
21
1
13. 1
Devi Saraswati is very fond of Hamsa a symbol
of paramahamsa a person with perfect
discrimination. As the swan is supposed to
separate milk from the water paramahamsa are
supposed to take only the Brahman the reality
in life discarding all the maya or illusion
altogether.
Peacock represents arrogance and pride and by
mounting the peacock the goddess tells to
overcome arrogance and pride of knowledge
and skills.
Other names of Saraswati
Bharati – eloquence; Mahavidya – transcendent
knowledge; Vac – speech; Mahavani –
transcendent word; Arya – the noble one;
Brahmi – power of the immense being; wife of
Brahma Kamadhenu – the wish cow;
Bijagarbha – womb of the seed or womb of the
elements of speech; Vacdevi – divinity of
speech; Vinapani – the one that holds the vina;
Sarada – giver of essence; Satarupa-with seven
forms; Vageshvari – goddess of speech; and
Gayatri- song or hymn.
Forms
Saraswati is worshiped in three main forms in
Hinduism namely maha Saraswati, Mahavidya
Nila Saraswati Sarada devi.
1
221
1
14. 1
Saraswati is well known in a variety of other
religions outside of Hinduism. She appears in
Jainism and Buddhism, and has made her way
from India to Japan as well as to other places
around the world. Thurathadi in Burmese,
Biancaitian in Chinese, Surasawadee in Thai
and Benzaiten in Japan.
In Jainism, Saraswati has been given many
titles, a few of these include: The dispeller of
darkness ignorance, the remover of
infatuations, the destroyer of miseries and the
giver of Knowledge. As in Hinduism, she also
stands as a symbol of purity.
In the transition from early (Theravada)
Buddhism to Mahayana Buddhism, many
elements of Hinduism were transplanted into
Buddhism. In early Buddhist mandalas, various
divinities were depicted of Mahayana
Buddhism. In those early Buddhist mandalas,
Saraswati is located in the south-west of the
innermost circle, between Brahma and Vishnu,
symbolizing her close connection with these
two deities. In Buddhism, Saraswati is the giver
of knowledge, intelligence, memory; and she
confers wisdom and learning upon her
worshippers. She possesses many forms within
Buddhism, including Vajra-Sarasvati, Vajrana-
Sarasvati, Vajra-Sarada and Mahasarasvati.
During a period of Tantric dominance within
1
2F1
1
15. 1
Buddhism, many of the Mahayana Buddhist
texts were transmitted through the Himalayan
passes to Nepal, Tibet, Java, China and
eventually Japan.
In Tibet, she is known as Vajra-Sarasvati and is
often depicted as carrying a thunderbolt (vajra).
In Japan, the goddess Benten is seen as a
manifestation of Saraswati. Her full name in
Japanese is Dai-Ben-Zai-Ten or the Great
Divinity of Reasoning Faculty. She is believed
to bestow power, happiness, riches, long life,
fame and reasoning powers. In later times she
came to be regarded as one of the seven deities
of good fortune. A myth in Japan speaks of a
hideous pond dwelling serpent that terrorized
the villages and devoured the children for miles
around. Benten could not bear to witness such
destruction. Therefore she stirred up an
earthquake and hovered above the serpent’s lair
in the dust clouds. At first Benten was filled
with hate but the serpent king wooed her with
soft and tender words until her heart was
melted, and–making him promise to mend his
savage ways–she married him. It is interesting
to note that Benten, as goddess of speech was
won by words.
1
2
1
1
16. 1
Temples dedicated to Saraswati
There are two ancient Saraswati temples; one in
Basara and the other in Kashmir.
Basara
Situated 50 Kms from Nizamabad at Basara, on
the banks of river Godavari, the Sri Gyana
Saraswati temple is the main temple in South
India dedicated to the goddess of learning.
According to the legend Maharishi Vyasa and
his disciples and sage Suka decided to settle
down in a cool and serene atmosphere after the
Kurukshetra war. In the quest for the peaceful
abode, he came to Dandaka forest and pleased
with serenity of the region selected this place.
After his ablutions in the river Godavari
Maharishi Vyasa used to bring three fistful of
sand and place it in three small heaps and made
images Sarada, Lakshmi, Kali with his mystic
power and later conducted prayers. This idol
made of sand has its face smeared with
turmeric. Eating a little bit of this turmeric
paste, it is believed, will enhance one’s wisdom
and knowledge. The idol of Saraswati at Basara
is holding a pot of sacred water representing
creative and purification powers.
1
21
1
17. 1
How ever, according to Brahmandapuranam,
Adikavi Valmiki installed Saraswati and wrote
Ramayana here. There is a marble image of
Valmiki and his samadhi near the temple. It is
believed that this temple is one of the three
temples constructed near the confluence of
Manjira and Godavari rivers by Ashtrakutas.
According to another school of thought
‘Bijialudu’ a Karnataka king, who ruled the
province of Nandagiri with Nanded as his
capital in the sixth century, constructed the
temple at Basara. The image of Lakshmi stands
besides Goddess Saraswati in the sanctum
sanctorum. Due to the presence of Saraswati,
Lakshmi and Kali, Basara is considered as the
abode of the divine trinity on the Bank of the
River Godavari.
Now a days there is heavy rush of pilgrims
coming to Basara to perform “Akshara
abhyasam” for the children. Many people, in
fact, take their kids to Basara for “Akshara
abhyasam” before commencing formal school
education. Special poojas and celebrations are
held at the temple during Maha Sivaratri,
beginning 15 days before (Vasantha Panchami)
and continuing 3 days after the festival. Devi
Navarathrulu is celebrated for ten days. Since
Maharishi Vyasa spent considerable time in
prayers, the place was then called “Vasara” and
1
2
19. 1
turned into Basara due to the influence of the
Marathi language in the region.
Sharada Peeth
Was the famous temple of the goddess
Saraswati (Sharda) in Northern Kashmir on the
banks of what is known as the Neelum river in
Pakistan and Kashmir (referred to as
Kishenganga river in India) Its ruins are now in
the Neelum District of Pakistan Administered
Kashmir near the Line of Control (LoC)
.Kashmir was sometimes called Sharada Desh
because of this temple.
The place was once a celebrated centre of
learning headed by Kashmiri Brahmins. It is at
this temple that Sankaracharya received the
right to sit on the Sarvajnanapeetham (throne of
wisdom). It was a centre of great Sanskrit
scholars and Kashmiri Pundits and was a
famous centre of Buddhism and later
Hinduism. Sharada script and Takri (from
which Gurmukhi is derived) is supposed to be
originated from the Sharada Peeth. Originally
more widespread, its use became later restricted
to Kashmir, and it is now rarely used except by
the Kashmiri Pundit community for ceremonial
purposes.
1
2
1
1
20. 1
There are other temples dedicated to Saraswati
in Deupatan, Kamalakshi, Thimi, Bhadrakali
and Swyambhu, Neel Saraswati at Gairidhara,
in the Kathmandu Valley. Saraswati Temple in
Roorkee, Prthudakeshwara Temples in Pehowa,
Haryana were built by the Marathas in honor of
Saraswati. Saradamba Temple is there in
Sringeri.
Saraswati Puja and festivals
Saraswati Puja is celebrated with enthusiasm in
various parts in India in festive mood
Saraswati Puja in Eastern India
In the eastern part of India, West Bengal, Bihar
and Assam, Saraswati Puja is celebrated in the
Magha month (January-February). It coincides
with Vasant Panchami i.e. the 5th day of the
bright fortnight of the lunar month of Magha.
This 'Panchami' is also known as Saraswati
Day, because it is believed that on this day the
goddess was born. People place books near the
Goddess' statue or picture and worship the
Goddess. Book reading is not allowed on this
day.
The color yellow is given special importance
on Vasant Panchami. On this day, Saraswati is
dressed in yellow garments and worshipped.
People prefer to wear yellow clothes on this
1
21
1
21. 1
holy day. Sweetmeats of yellowish hue are
distributed among relations and friends. The
goddess is also offered honey on this day.
Some people feed Brahmins, some perform
Pitri-Tarpan (ancestor worship) and many
worship Kamadeva, the god of love on this day.
However, the most significant aspect of this
day is that children are taught their first words
on this day, for it is considered an auspicious
day to begin how to read and write. Educational
institutions organize special prayer for
Saraswati. The great Indian guru Pandit Madan
Mohan Malviya laid the foundations of the
world class academic institution of Kashi
Hindu Vishwa Vidyalaya on Vasant Panchami.
Saintly people and individuals inclined towards
spiritual progress attach great importance to the
worship of goddess Saraswati. As a practice,
only educated people and men of principle
worship goddess Saraswati for spiritual
enlightenment. In their opinion, there can be no
comparison between the king and the learned or
the spiritually advanced. The king is honored
within his kingdom, whereas the learned is
respected or worshipped throughout the world.
1
21
1
22. 1
Ritual worship of Saraswati in the Bengali
tradition
The idol is in white, symbolizing purity. The
sari of the deity is white or yellow dyed in the
natural dye made from “Shiuli” flowers. The
place where the idol is kept for the puja is
decorated with rangoli and the design of a fish
is considered auspicious. A flat low stool made
of wood is covered with yellow cloth and the
idol is placed on it, facing east. Then, the face
of the idol remains covered till the priest begins
chanting the mantras at the commencement of
the puja. A green coconut is placed on an
earthen pot with a red checked cotton cloth
called “Gamcha”. For the actual puja, flowers
are used but the most significant is the Palash
or flame of the forest and marigold flowers.
Students place their books in front of the
goddess. The offerings to the goddess are
mainly fruits: most significant are berries from
the wild plum tree. Other fruits include tapioca.
Sweets must include puffed rice, jaggery and
yogurt. Family members bathe early and dress
in yellow attire and assemble in front of the
Goddess. The earthen pot is tied with a string
which will be untied only on the next day by
the priest before Bisarjan. A havan puja is done
by the priest using special wood, ghee, joss
sticks and incense. There absence of a burnt
smell signifies the success of the puja. A diya
1
21
1
23. 1
or lamp is also kept lit along with the prasad. A
handful of flowers particularly marigolds and
flame of the forest are given to each devotee to
offer to the goddess as “pushpanjali”–Pushp,
meaning flowers and Anjali meaning offering.
The offering is done in batches of devotees
who repeat mantras after the priest. Arati is
performed by the priest in the morning and
again in the evening. This is done while
chanting Sanskrit slokas and accompanied by
the blowing of conch shells and the beating of
drums. The lit lamp used during the Arati is
passed around for each devotee to warm his/
her hand and touch their heads. Nobody
touches books on that day. This signifies that
the goddess is blessing the books placed in
front of her that day.
Saraswati Puja in South India
In the southern states of India, Saraswati Puja is
conducted during the Navaratri. In Tamil Nadu,
Saraswati Puja is conducted along with the
Ayudha Puja (the worship of weapons, and
implements including machines). On the ninth
day of Navaratri, i.e. the Mahanavami day,
books and all musical instruments are
ceremoniously kept in front of the Goddess
Saraswati early at dawn and worshipped with
special prayers. No studies or any performance
of arts is carried out; as it is considered that the
1
F1
1
24. 1
Goddess herself is blessing the books and the
instruments. The festival concludes on the tenth
day of Navaratri (Vijaya Dashami) and the
Goddess is worshipped again before the books
and the musical instruments are removed. It is
customary to start the study afresh on this day,
which is called Vidyarambham (literally,
Commencement of Knowledge).
In Kerala, the last three days of the Navaratri
festival, i.e. Ashtami, Navami, and Dashami are
celebrated as Saraswati Puja. The celebrations
start with the Puja Veypu (Placing for
Worship). It consists of placing the books for
Puja on the Ashtami day. It may be in one’s
own house, in the local Nursery School run by
traditional teachers, or in the local temple. The
books will be taken out for reading, after
worship, only on the morning of the third day
(Vijaya Dashami). Children are happy since
they are not expected to study on these days.
On the Vijaya Dashami day, Kerala celebrates
the Ezhuthiniruthu or Initiation of Writing for
the little children before they are admitted to
nursery schools. This is also called
Vidyarambham. The child is made to write for
the first time on the rice spread in a plate with
the index finger, guided by an elder of the
family or by a reputed teacher. The little ones
will have to write “Hari Shri Ganapataye
1
F21
1
25. 1
Namah” and recite the same to mark the
auspicious entry in to the world of education.
In some parts of Maharashtra especially
vidarbha region Saraswati, also known as
Sharada Devi, is worshiped in the form of idol
sitting on peacock. The festival is known as
Shardotsav after Navaratri festival.
Saraswati vandana and its meaning
It is believed that every intellectual work
should begin with Saraswati vandana and the
blessings of the goddess. Saraswati vandana is
a beautiful hymn composed in Sanskrit which
depicts Saraswati in a beautiful manner. At the
end; a boon is asked by the devotees of this
goddess of knowledge for the protection and
removal of all the lethargy
“Ya Kundendu Tushaara Haara Dhavalaa
Ya Shubhra Vastraavrita
Ya Veena Vara Danda Manditakara
Ya Shveta Padmaasana
Ya Brahma Achyutaha Shankara Prabrithibhih
Devai Sadaa vandita
Saa Maam Paatu Saraswati Bhagavati
Nishyesha Jyaadyaapaha”
1
FF1
1
26. 1
Meaning
“Oh Goddess Saraswati,
Who is fair as a jasmine flower
The moon or a snow flake,
Who is dressed in white
And whose hands are adorned by veena
Who is seated on a white lotus,
To whom Brahma, Vishnu and Maheshwara
pray,
Please protect us and remove our mental
inertia”
Om! Peace Peace Peace….
1
F
1
1