This document provides an overview of artificial intelligence (AI), including its history, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. It discusses early milestones in AI like the Turing Test (1950) and Logic Theorist (1956). Applications mentioned include agriculture, astronomy, gaming, robotics, and more. Advantages are high speed, reliability in risky situations. Disadvantages include high costs, inability to think outside programmed tasks, and lack of emotions. The conclusion states AI could solve many problems and unlock a future where computers make more informed decisions based on understanding our world through data.

1. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGANCE
BY
SARAN

2. CONTENTS
Introduction
History
Applications ofAI
Advantages of AI
Disadvantages of AI
Growth ofAI
Conclusion

3.  INTRODUCTION
• AI (Artificial Intelligence) is a machine's ability to perform cognitive functions as
humans do, such as perceiving, learning, reasoning, and solving problems.
• Artificial Intelligence is composed of two words Artificial and Intelligence, where
Artificial defines "man-made," and intelligence defines "thinking power", hence AI
means "a man-made thinking power.“
• AlanTuring who was an English mathematician and pioneered Machine learning
in 1950. AlanTuring publishes "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" in which
he proposed a test.The test can check the machine's ability to exhibit intelligent
behavior equivalent to human intelligence, called a Turing test.

4.  History

5.  TURING TEST
• The Turing test, originally called the imitation game by Alan Turing in
1950
• The Turing Test is a method of inquiry in artificial intelligence (AI)
for determining whether or not a computer is capable of thinking
like a human being.

6.  LOGICTHEORIST
• Logic Theorist is a computer program written in 1956 by Allen Newell,
Herbert A. Simon, and Cliff Shaw . It was the first program deliberately
engineered to perform automated reasoning and is called "the first artificial
intelligence program.

7.  ELIZA
• ELIZA is an early natural language processing computer program created
from 1964 to 1966 at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory by Joseph
weizenbaum.
• Created to demonstrate the superficiality of communication between
humans and machines, Eliza simulated conversation by using a pattern
matching and substitution methodology that gave users an illusion of
understanding on the part of the program, but had no built in framework for
contextualizing events

8.  SHAKEY
• Shakey the Robot was the first general-purpose mobile robot able to
reason about its own actions.
• While other robots would have to be instructed on each individual step
of completing a larger task, Shakey could analyze commands and
break them down into basic chunks by itself.

9.  KISMET
• Kismet is a robot head made in the 1990s at Massachusetts Institute
of Technology by Dr. Cynthia Breazeal as an experiment in affective
computing; a machine that can recognize and simulate emotions.
• The name Kismet comes from a Turkish word meaning fate or
sometimes luck.

10.  Applications of AI
Applications of Artificial IntelligenceAgriculture
• Agriculture is an area which requires various resources, labor, money, and time
for best result.
• Now a day's agriculture is becoming digital, and AI is emerging in this field.
Agriculture is applying AI as agriculture robotics, solid and crop monitoring,
predictive analysis.
• AI in agriculture can be very helpful for farmers.

11. Applications of Artificial IntelligenceAstronomy
• Artificial Intelligence can be very useful to solve complex universe problems. AI
technology can be helpful for understanding the universe such as how it works,
origin, etc.

12. Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Gaming
• Another sector where Artificial Intelligence applications have found
prominence is the gaming sector. AI can be used to create smart, human-
like NPCs to interact with the players.
• It can also be used to predict human behavior using which game design and
testing can be improved.

13. Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Robotics
• Artificial Intelligence has a remarkable role in Robotics. Usually, general robots
are programmed such that they can perform some repetitive task, but with the
help of AI, we can create intelligent robots which can perform tasks with their
own experiences without pre-programmed.
• Humanoid Robots are best examples for AI in robotics, recently the intelligent
Humanoid robot named as Erica and Sophia has been developed which can talk
and behave like humans.

14. Sophia (robot)
• Sophia is a social humanoid robot developed
by the Hong Kong based company Hanson Robotics.
• Sophia was activated on February 14, 2016, and made her first public appearance
in mid-March 2016 at South by southwest (SXSW) in Austin,Texas, United States.
• An AI system designed for general reasoning. Sophia imitates human gestures
and facial expressions and is able to answer certain questions and to make simple
conversations on predefined topics
• She is the world's first robot citizen and the first robot Innovation Ambassador for
the United Nations Development Programe.

15.  The Growth of AI
• Since AI is applicable in almost all fiesd, they become the needs of our life. It is the
reason behind the explosive growth of AI.
• The growth can be divided into two parts based on the application area and what
purpose they serve, they are as follows:
 Growth in positive sense (useful to society)
 Growth in negative sense (harmful to society)

16.  Advantages of Artificial Intelligence
• AI in risky situations Human safety is always the primary thing that is also taken
care by machines. Whenever we need to explore the deepest part of the ocean or
study space, scientists use AI-enabled machines in risky situations where human
survival becomes difficult. AI can reach at every place where humans can't reach.
• High-Speed: AI systems can be very high-speed and fast-decision making,
because of that AI systems can beat a chess champion in the Chess game.
• High reliability: AI machines are highly reliable and can perform the same action
multiple times with high accuracy.

17. Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence
• High Cost: The hardware and software requirement of AI is very costly as it
requires lots of maintenance to meet current world requirements.
• Can't think out of the box: Even we are making smarter machines with AI, but
still they cannot work out of the box, as the robot will only do that work for which
they are trained, or programmed.
• No feelings and emotions: AI machines can be an outstanding performer, but
still it does not have the feeling so it cannot make any kind of emotional
attachment with human, and may sometime be harmful for users if the proper
care is not taken.

18.  Conclusion
• We have discussed some of its principles, its application, its achievements etc.
• The ultimate goal of the institutions and scientists working on AI is to solve
majority of the problems or to achieve the task.
• AI holds the key to unlocking a magnificent future where, driven by data and
computers that understand our world, we will all make more informed decisions.
These computers of the future will understand not just how to turn on the switches
but why the switches need to be turned on.

20. THANKYOU FORYOUR ATTENTION