social science project ppt on Water Resources
Contents:
Introduction.
Prior Knoledge.
About Water resources.
Division of water resources.
Source of Water resources.
Uses of Water.
The document discusses reasons for water shortages such as population increase, industrialization, urbanization, and deforestation. It then defines rainwater harvesting as the direct collection of rainwater that can be stored for use or recharged into groundwater. There are two main types of rainwater harvesting: rooftop rainwater harvesting, where rainwater is collected from building roofs, and surface runoff harvesting, where urban rainwater runoff is caught. The advantages of rainwater harvesting include being easy to maintain, reducing water bills and flood risk, and lessening groundwater demand.
This document provides an overview of water management issues in Bengaluru, India. It discusses Bengaluru's natural water sources like lakes historically managed by local communities. As the population grew from 5.1 million in 2001 to 8.4 million in 2011, demand outpaced supply. Bengaluru now gets water from the Cauvery River 95km away. However, losses from leakages and groundwater extraction of around 700 MLD are needed to meet the growing demand of 1485 MLD. Water quality in lakes and groundwater is deteriorating due to pollution. Drinking water standards and treatment methods to purify water are discussed.
This document discusses waste management, particularly biomedical waste. It begins by defining waste and providing a brief history of waste management. It then outlines various authorities and regulations involved in waste management. It classifies different types of industries and wastes, including domestic, construction, industrial, infectious, and hazardous wastes. The document primarily focuses on proper procedures for handling, segregating, storing, and disposing of biomedical waste to prevent health risks, with a focus on following color-coded systems and treating different categories of waste appropriately. It emphasizes the importance of social responsibility in properly disposing of waste.
This document discusses solid waste management in India. It defines different types of solid waste and how waste generation is increasing rapidly in India. The types of wastes include domestic waste, industrial waste, e-waste, plastic waste, and nuclear waste. It notes that waste collection is low in most Indian cities and waste is dumped in landfills. It also discusses the problems of hazardous waste dumping from developed countries in developing countries like India due to lax regulations. Recycling and adopting a zero waste system are presented as potential solutions to better manage the growing waste problem.
social science project ppt on Water Resources
Contents:
Introduction.
Prior Knoledge.
About Water resources.
Division of water resources.
Source of Water resources.
Uses of Water.
The document discusses reasons for water shortages such as population increase, industrialization, urbanization, and deforestation. It then defines rainwater harvesting as the direct collection of rainwater that can be stored for use or recharged into groundwater. There are two main types of rainwater harvesting: rooftop rainwater harvesting, where rainwater is collected from building roofs, and surface runoff harvesting, where urban rainwater runoff is caught. The advantages of rainwater harvesting include being easy to maintain, reducing water bills and flood risk, and lessening groundwater demand.
This document provides an overview of water management issues in Bengaluru, India. It discusses Bengaluru's natural water sources like lakes historically managed by local communities. As the population grew from 5.1 million in 2001 to 8.4 million in 2011, demand outpaced supply. Bengaluru now gets water from the Cauvery River 95km away. However, losses from leakages and groundwater extraction of around 700 MLD are needed to meet the growing demand of 1485 MLD. Water quality in lakes and groundwater is deteriorating due to pollution. Drinking water standards and treatment methods to purify water are discussed.
This document discusses waste management, particularly biomedical waste. It begins by defining waste and providing a brief history of waste management. It then outlines various authorities and regulations involved in waste management. It classifies different types of industries and wastes, including domestic, construction, industrial, infectious, and hazardous wastes. The document primarily focuses on proper procedures for handling, segregating, storing, and disposing of biomedical waste to prevent health risks, with a focus on following color-coded systems and treating different categories of waste appropriately. It emphasizes the importance of social responsibility in properly disposing of waste.
This document discusses solid waste management in India. It defines different types of solid waste and how waste generation is increasing rapidly in India. The types of wastes include domestic waste, industrial waste, e-waste, plastic waste, and nuclear waste. It notes that waste collection is low in most Indian cities and waste is dumped in landfills. It also discusses the problems of hazardous waste dumping from developed countries in developing countries like India due to lax regulations. Recycling and adopting a zero waste system are presented as potential solutions to better manage the growing waste problem.
Rain water harvesting is the process of collecting and storing rainwater from rooftops or surfaces. It helps conserve surface runoff during monsoons and recharge groundwater levels. Some key techniques include rooftop harvesting, where rainwater is collected from building roofs, and surface runoff harvesting, where water flowing along the ground is collected. Rainwater harvesting provides multiple benefits like increasing water availability, reducing soil erosion, and lowering water bills. While it has high initial costs, rainwater harvesting is economical and helps alleviate water scarcity issues to some extent.
This document discusses rainwater harvesting, which involves collecting rainwater runoff from roofs or other impervious surfaces and storing it for later use. Traditionally this involves collecting rainwater from roofs into gutters and downspouts that channel water into storage vessels like rain barrels or cisterns. Rainwater harvesting systems can range from simple rain barrels to more complex systems that supply an entire household's water needs. The document outlines the benefits of rainwater harvesting and provides details on different collection methods, components, sizing rainwater systems, and uses for harvested rainwater.
Rainwater harvesting is the process of accumulating and storing rainwater before it reaches aquifers by capturing it from catchment surfaces like rooftops. Rooftop rainwater harvesting involves collecting rainwater from rooftops and storing it in reservoirs to meet household needs, while surface runoff harvesting collects rainwater from surfaces on the ground.
RMC Water and Environment provides consultation and planning services from its headquarters in Walnut Creek, California. An advocate of environmental stewardship, RMC Water and Environment maintains an affiliation with the WaterReuse Research Foundation. The organization emphasizes the importance of water reuse, as explored in the following list.
The document discusses rainwater harvesting, including its objectives, techniques, models, and advantages/disadvantages. Specifically, the key objectives of rainwater harvesting are to conserve surface run-off, recharge groundwater, and overcome flooding and water scarcity issues. The main techniques covered are roof top harvesting and surface runoff collection. Rural and urban models are also outlined, along with the components involved in typical urban systems. Overall benefits include increased groundwater levels and reduced flooding, soil erosion, and water bills, though seasonal supply issues and maintenance costs are also noted.
This document discusses rainwater harvesting (RWH), which involves collecting and storing rainwater. RWH can be done through various techniques from simple jars and pots to underground check dams. The main uses of harvested rainwater are for recharging groundwater, irrigation, drinking, industry, gardening, and livestock. RWH has advantages like being inexpensive and easy to implement using local materials and labor. Roof top RWH involves collecting rainwater from rooftops through pipes to storage tanks and can filter the water before various uses. The document provides examples of RWH being implemented in places like Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, and Pune to combat issues like water scarcity and groundwater depletion.
This document discusses techniques for rainwater harvesting, including surface storage and groundwater recharge. There are two main techniques - storing rainwater on the surface for future use through structures like tanks, ponds, check dams and weirs, and recharging groundwater by directing rainwater into the subsurface through methods like recharge pits, trenches, dug wells, and recharge shafts filled with gravel and sand. Rainwater harvesting has several advantages, including providing sustainable and reliable water supplies, recharging groundwater aquifers, and overcoming water scarcity issues.
Waste management refers to the activities of collecting, transporting, and disposing of or recycling waste materials. In India, 62 million tons of waste is generated annually, much of which is improperly disposed of. Effective waste management systems follow the waste hierarchy of reducing, reusing, recycling, and properly disposing of or converting remaining waste. Improving waste management practices can help curb pollution, health impacts, and other environmental issues caused by unchecked waste generation and disposal.
Municipal solid waste management of gwalior, m.p., indiaNiladri Roy
The document summarizes a study on municipal solid waste management in Gwalior, India. It discusses that waste management is conducted in two steps by the Gwalior Municipality and a private company. The municipality collects waste and dumps it, while the company then segregates recyclables, composts biodegradable waste, and sends the outputs to appropriate sectors. The study observed issues like irregular collection, open dumping, and lack of awareness. It recommends improving workers, attention to sensitive areas, awareness programs, and following a waste management hierarchy.
Solid waste includes both hazardous and non-hazardous materials that are non-soluble and include items like garbage, demolition debris, and industrial waste. The types of solid waste include domestic, factory, e-waste, construction, agricultural, and food processing waste. India generates over 7 million tons of hazardous waste per year and industries discharge over 150 million tons of low hazard waste. As populations and economies grow, the amount of solid waste is also increasing dramatically. Improper waste management can threaten public health and the environment. Effective management methods include reducing, recycling, composting, landfilling, and technologies like incineration and plasma gasification.
This document provides an overview of waste-to-energy technologies and discusses their viability and use in India. It begins with definitions of waste-to-energy and discusses why these systems are used to address environmental issues from landfills and fossil fuels. It then covers the technological processes, current statistics on waste generation in major Indian cities, and considerations for technology selection. The document also discusses the commercial viability and key government policies supporting waste-to-energy in India. It analyzes the environmental performance and provides a case study on a large waste-to-energy project in Delhi.
The document discusses low-cost sanitation systems, specifically septic tanks. It describes how septic tanks work and the situations where they are suitable. Septic tanks are underground structures that use anaerobic bacteria to treat wastewater and are used where sewer systems are not available. The document outlines the components, design considerations, and disposal methods for effluent from septic tanks, including soak pits and dispersion trenches which allow the liquid to absorb into the soil. Design examples are provided to demonstrate how to size a septic tank and calculate the area required for effluent disposal trenches.
Pune generates over 1600 tons of solid waste per day. It has implemented an integrated solid waste management system that focuses on source segregation, door-to-door collection, transportation, processing and scientific disposal. Key aspects include partnering with waste picker organizations, operating decentralized biogas plants, constructing a 300 TPD bio-CNG plant, and a 300 TPD waste-to-energy plant utilizing pyrolysis gasification. The goal is to attain better service delivery, enhance infrastructure, achieve financial sustainability, and eventually make Pune a zero garbage city.
This document discusses municipal solid waste management. It defines municipal solid waste and provides classifications. It describes the different types of waste generated from domestic, commercial, industrial, construction and other sources. The key methods of municipal solid waste treatment discussed are composting, incineration, landfilling and recycling. It provides details on collection and transportation of waste as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment and disposal methods.
The Environment Ministry has revised the Solid Waste Management Rules for the first time in 16 years. The new rules extend the scope of waste management beyond municipal areas to urban and industrial areas. They mandate source segregation of waste into wet, dry and hazardous categories. Local bodies are responsible for setting up waste processing facilities and sanitary landfills within set timeframes. A Central Monitoring Committee has been formed to oversee implementation of the new rules nationwide.
This document discusses the importance and methods of rainwater harvesting. It notes that rainwater is the ultimate source of fresh water and rainwater harvesting helps augment groundwater levels. There are two main methods of rainwater harvesting - surface runoff harvesting and rooftop rainwater harvesting. Rooftop rainwater harvesting involves collecting rainwater from building roofs and storing it in tanks, which can then be used for non-potable purposes. Alternatively, the harvested rainwater can be used to recharge groundwater aquifers through various structures like recharge pits and trenches. The document outlines the key components of a rooftop rainwater harvesting system, including catchments, transportation pipes, first flush devices, and filters.
Rain water harvesting is the process of collecting and storing rainwater from rooftops or surfaces. It helps conserve surface runoff during monsoons and recharge groundwater levels. Some key techniques include rooftop harvesting, where rainwater is collected from building roofs, and surface runoff harvesting, where water flowing along the ground is collected. Rainwater harvesting provides multiple benefits like increasing water availability, reducing soil erosion, and lowering water bills. While it has high initial costs, rainwater harvesting is economical and helps alleviate water scarcity issues to some extent.
This document discusses rainwater harvesting, which involves collecting rainwater runoff from roofs or other impervious surfaces and storing it for later use. Traditionally this involves collecting rainwater from roofs into gutters and downspouts that channel water into storage vessels like rain barrels or cisterns. Rainwater harvesting systems can range from simple rain barrels to more complex systems that supply an entire household's water needs. The document outlines the benefits of rainwater harvesting and provides details on different collection methods, components, sizing rainwater systems, and uses for harvested rainwater.
Rainwater harvesting is the process of accumulating and storing rainwater before it reaches aquifers by capturing it from catchment surfaces like rooftops. Rooftop rainwater harvesting involves collecting rainwater from rooftops and storing it in reservoirs to meet household needs, while surface runoff harvesting collects rainwater from surfaces on the ground.
RMC Water and Environment provides consultation and planning services from its headquarters in Walnut Creek, California. An advocate of environmental stewardship, RMC Water and Environment maintains an affiliation with the WaterReuse Research Foundation. The organization emphasizes the importance of water reuse, as explored in the following list.
The document discusses rainwater harvesting, including its objectives, techniques, models, and advantages/disadvantages. Specifically, the key objectives of rainwater harvesting are to conserve surface run-off, recharge groundwater, and overcome flooding and water scarcity issues. The main techniques covered are roof top harvesting and surface runoff collection. Rural and urban models are also outlined, along with the components involved in typical urban systems. Overall benefits include increased groundwater levels and reduced flooding, soil erosion, and water bills, though seasonal supply issues and maintenance costs are also noted.
This document discusses rainwater harvesting (RWH), which involves collecting and storing rainwater. RWH can be done through various techniques from simple jars and pots to underground check dams. The main uses of harvested rainwater are for recharging groundwater, irrigation, drinking, industry, gardening, and livestock. RWH has advantages like being inexpensive and easy to implement using local materials and labor. Roof top RWH involves collecting rainwater from rooftops through pipes to storage tanks and can filter the water before various uses. The document provides examples of RWH being implemented in places like Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, and Pune to combat issues like water scarcity and groundwater depletion.
This document discusses techniques for rainwater harvesting, including surface storage and groundwater recharge. There are two main techniques - storing rainwater on the surface for future use through structures like tanks, ponds, check dams and weirs, and recharging groundwater by directing rainwater into the subsurface through methods like recharge pits, trenches, dug wells, and recharge shafts filled with gravel and sand. Rainwater harvesting has several advantages, including providing sustainable and reliable water supplies, recharging groundwater aquifers, and overcoming water scarcity issues.
Waste management refers to the activities of collecting, transporting, and disposing of or recycling waste materials. In India, 62 million tons of waste is generated annually, much of which is improperly disposed of. Effective waste management systems follow the waste hierarchy of reducing, reusing, recycling, and properly disposing of or converting remaining waste. Improving waste management practices can help curb pollution, health impacts, and other environmental issues caused by unchecked waste generation and disposal.
Municipal solid waste management of gwalior, m.p., indiaNiladri Roy
The document summarizes a study on municipal solid waste management in Gwalior, India. It discusses that waste management is conducted in two steps by the Gwalior Municipality and a private company. The municipality collects waste and dumps it, while the company then segregates recyclables, composts biodegradable waste, and sends the outputs to appropriate sectors. The study observed issues like irregular collection, open dumping, and lack of awareness. It recommends improving workers, attention to sensitive areas, awareness programs, and following a waste management hierarchy.
Solid waste includes both hazardous and non-hazardous materials that are non-soluble and include items like garbage, demolition debris, and industrial waste. The types of solid waste include domestic, factory, e-waste, construction, agricultural, and food processing waste. India generates over 7 million tons of hazardous waste per year and industries discharge over 150 million tons of low hazard waste. As populations and economies grow, the amount of solid waste is also increasing dramatically. Improper waste management can threaten public health and the environment. Effective management methods include reducing, recycling, composting, landfilling, and technologies like incineration and plasma gasification.
This document provides an overview of waste-to-energy technologies and discusses their viability and use in India. It begins with definitions of waste-to-energy and discusses why these systems are used to address environmental issues from landfills and fossil fuels. It then covers the technological processes, current statistics on waste generation in major Indian cities, and considerations for technology selection. The document also discusses the commercial viability and key government policies supporting waste-to-energy in India. It analyzes the environmental performance and provides a case study on a large waste-to-energy project in Delhi.
The document discusses low-cost sanitation systems, specifically septic tanks. It describes how septic tanks work and the situations where they are suitable. Septic tanks are underground structures that use anaerobic bacteria to treat wastewater and are used where sewer systems are not available. The document outlines the components, design considerations, and disposal methods for effluent from septic tanks, including soak pits and dispersion trenches which allow the liquid to absorb into the soil. Design examples are provided to demonstrate how to size a septic tank and calculate the area required for effluent disposal trenches.
Pune generates over 1600 tons of solid waste per day. It has implemented an integrated solid waste management system that focuses on source segregation, door-to-door collection, transportation, processing and scientific disposal. Key aspects include partnering with waste picker organizations, operating decentralized biogas plants, constructing a 300 TPD bio-CNG plant, and a 300 TPD waste-to-energy plant utilizing pyrolysis gasification. The goal is to attain better service delivery, enhance infrastructure, achieve financial sustainability, and eventually make Pune a zero garbage city.
This document discusses municipal solid waste management. It defines municipal solid waste and provides classifications. It describes the different types of waste generated from domestic, commercial, industrial, construction and other sources. The key methods of municipal solid waste treatment discussed are composting, incineration, landfilling and recycling. It provides details on collection and transportation of waste as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment and disposal methods.
The Environment Ministry has revised the Solid Waste Management Rules for the first time in 16 years. The new rules extend the scope of waste management beyond municipal areas to urban and industrial areas. They mandate source segregation of waste into wet, dry and hazardous categories. Local bodies are responsible for setting up waste processing facilities and sanitary landfills within set timeframes. A Central Monitoring Committee has been formed to oversee implementation of the new rules nationwide.
This document discusses the importance and methods of rainwater harvesting. It notes that rainwater is the ultimate source of fresh water and rainwater harvesting helps augment groundwater levels. There are two main methods of rainwater harvesting - surface runoff harvesting and rooftop rainwater harvesting. Rooftop rainwater harvesting involves collecting rainwater from building roofs and storing it in tanks, which can then be used for non-potable purposes. Alternatively, the harvested rainwater can be used to recharge groundwater aquifers through various structures like recharge pits and trenches. The document outlines the key components of a rooftop rainwater harvesting system, including catchments, transportation pipes, first flush devices, and filters.
2. પ્રસ્તાવના
• આપણે બધા જાણીએ છીએ કે અત્યારે પ્રદુષણ ના કારણે સમગ્ર વાતાવરણ,આ ધરતી અને તેના
ઉપર નભતી તમામ જીવ સૃષ્ટિ જોખમમાાં મુકાય છે માનવીની ગતતતવતધથી રોજ બરોજના
ઉપયોગ માાં લેવાતી ચીજ વસ્તુઓ માાંથી નીકળતી બબન ઉપયોગી ચીજો નો કચરો
જમીન,હવા,પાણી ને પ્રદુતષત કરે છે પરરણામે આપણુાં પોતાનુાં સ્વાસ્્ય જોખમમાાં મુકાય છે
• માનવ દ્વારા પણ પૃ્વી પર પ્રદુષણ થતુાં જોવા મળે છે.ખુલ્લામાાં માનવ મળત્યાગ ની પ્રરિયા
માિે જાય છે અને ઘરઆંગણા માાંથી જે ઘન કચરો નીકળે છે તેના શેરીઓમાજ ઉકરડાઓ બનાવે
છે તેમજ ઘર વપરાશ નુાં ગાંદુ પાણી પણ જમીન પર છોડી દેવામાાં આવે છે તેના કારણે સ્વસ્છતા
જળવાતી નથી અને પ્રદુષણ નુાં પ્રમાણ વધવાથી અનેક નવા નવા રોગો ઉત્પન થતા જોવા મળે
છે
3. પ્રદુષણ એટલે શુ ?
પ્રદુષણ એિલે પાણી અને હવામાાં
માનવીય પ્રવૃતિઓ ને લીધે બબન જરૂરી
ઘિકો દાખલથાય છે જેના પરરણામે તેની
ઉપયોગીતા ઘિે છે
“80% બીમારીઓ દુતષત પાણી અને
સ્વસ્છતા ના અભાવેથતી ગાંદકી ના કારણે
થાય છે માિે આપની આસપાસ નુાં
વાતાવરણ પ્રદુષણ રરહત અને સ્વસ્છ રહે
તે જરૂરી છે”
4. દરેક માનવીની એક દદવસની જરૂદરયાત
• શ્વાસોશ્વાસ ની રિયા = 22000 વખત
• હવા = 16 Kg
• પાણી = 2 Kg
• ખોરાક = 500 G
• “જીવનનુાં અસ્સ્તત્વ િકાવી રાખવા માિે હવા પાણી ખોરાક અંતયન્ત આવશ્યક છે”
• હવા તવના....૩ તમનીિથી વધારે જીવવુાં અશક્ય છે.
• પાણી તવના...૩ રદવસથી વાધારે જીવવુાં અશક્ય છે.
• ખોરાક તવના..૩ અઠવારડયાથી વધારે જીવવુાં અશક્ય છે.
5. સ્વસ્છતાના સાત સોપાન
સ્વસ્છતા ની
સાત
સોપાન
પીવાના
પાણીની
જાળવણી
ગંદા પાણી
નો નનકાલ
કચરો અને
છાણ
વાસીદાનો
નનકાલ
માનવ
મળમૂત્રનો
નનકાલ
વ્યક્તતગત
ચોખ્ખાઈ
ઘરની
ચોખ્ખાઈ
ગ્રામસફાઈ
6. કચરો એટલે શુ ?
માનવીની ગતતતવતધથી રોજબરોજના
ઉપયોગમાાં લેવાતી તમામ ચીજ
વસ્તુઓમાાંથી નીકળતી બબન ઉપયોગી
ચીજો અને ઉત્પાદકીય પ્રવૃતત માાંથી
નીકળતો બબન ઉપયોગી કચરો અથવા
નક્કામી રદી ઉપયોગમાાં ન લઇ શકાય
તેવી અને યોગ્ય તનકાલ કરવાની ચીજ
વસ્તુઓને કચરો કહેવાય છે
7. કચરો એક ગંભીર સમસ્યા છે
• કચરો જમીન પાણી અને હવાને પ્રદુતષત કરે છે જેથી પૃ્વી ઉપર નભતી તમામ જીવ સૃષ્ટિ જોખમમાાં મુકાય છે.
• ભીનો કચરો સડે છે,કોહવાય છે અને માખીઓનુાં ઉત્પાદન સ્થાન બની જાય છે.
• વપરાયેલુાં ગાંદુ પાણી પયાાવરણ ને પ્રદુતષત કરે છે.પ્રવાહી કચરામાાં ખાબોચીયા મચ્છરો ના ઉત્પતી સ્થાન બની
જાય છે.
• પશુઓના છાણ ધનુરવા જેવા રોગ માિે જવાબદાર બની રહે છે.
• મરેલા જાનવરોના કારણે માનવ જગતમાાં ‘એન્થેક્સ’ રોગ ફેલાય શકે છે.
• અતવઘિનકારી પ્લાષ્સ્િક પયાાવરણ માિે હાનીકારક નીવડે છે.
• કચરામાાં જવ્લનશીલ પદાથા હોય તો આગ લાગવાની દહેશત લાગે છે.
• “ઘન કચરાની માથાદીઠ દૈતનક ઉત્પતત 200 થી 600 ગ્રામ છે.જેનો યોગ્ય તનકાલ ન થાય તો ‘કચરો’ આપણા માિે
હાનીકારક બની શકે છે”.
13. કચરો ક્ાં ક્ાં પેદા થાય છે ?
• ઘર અને રહેણાાંક માાંથી ઘરેલુાં કચરો
• ઢોર ઢાાંખર અને ખેતીવાડી ની પ્રવૃતિથી નીપજતો કચરો.
• કુિીર ગૃહઉદ્યોગ અને કારખાનાઓ માાંથી નીપજતો કચરો.
• ઈમારતો મકાનો અને માગોના બાાંધકામ તેમજ સમારકામ માાંથી નીપજતો કચરો.
• હોિલ,ધાબા,લોજ તેમજ સામુરહક ભોજન સમારાંભના રસોડામાાંથી નીપજતો કચરો.
• હાિ,માકેિ,સાવાજતનક સ્થળો,જાહેર રસ્તાઓનો કચરો.
• કુદરતી પરિયાને પરરણામે નીપજતા ખરેલાપાન,વુક્ષ,વનસ્પતત જન્ય કચરો.
• ખુલ્લામાાં થતો માનવ મળમૂત્ર તનકાલ નો કચરો.
• મરેલા પશુ પક્ષીઓ પ્રાણીઓ તેમજ કતલખાના માાંથી નીપજતો કચરો.
14. કચરાની નવશેષતા
• કેિલોક સુકો કચરો તવઘરિત થઇ જમીનમાાં ભળી શકતો નથી.તનકાલ ન કરીએ તો જયાાં પડયો હોય ત્યાાં
લાાંબા સમય સુધી એમનો એમજ પડી રહે છે.તેના ઉપર પડેલો બીજો કચરો પણ તવઘરિત થઇ સહેલાઇ
થી નાશ પામતો નથી અને પ્રદુષણ ફેલાવે છે.
• 40 માઈિોન થી ઓછા માઈિોનનો પ્લાસ્િીકના ઝબલા જમીનમાાં ઓગળીને માિીમાાં ભળી જતા નથી
તેના પર પડેલો કચરો પણ જમીન પર જેમ છે તેમ પડયો રહે છે પ્રદુષણ ફેલાવે છે અને જમીનને
બબન ઉપજાવ બનાવે છે.
• કેિલાક કચરાનુાં રૂપાાંતર થઇ શકતુાં નથી.દા.ત-થમોકોલ,કાબાનપેપર,િેટ્રા પેક્સ
21. કચરાનુ એકત્રીકરણ અને પુથ્થકરણ
• ગ્રાતમણ તવસ્તારમાાં કચરાના તનકાલનો હેતુ કૃતષ ઉપયોગી ખાતર પેદા કરવાનો હોવો
જોઈએ
• જયાને ત્યાાં કચરો ફેકવા પર પ્રતતબાંધ મુકવો સુકા અને ભીના કચરાને બે અલગ કચરાપેિી
માાં ભેગો કરવો.
• રસોડામાાં નીસ્પત થતો ભીનો કચરો અને ઘરમાાં નીસ્પત થતો સુકો કચરો કદાપી ભેગો
થવો જોઈએ નરહ કારણ કે બાંને ની તનકાલ વ્યવસ્થા અલગ અલગ છે.
• જાહેર માગોનો બાંને બાજુએ શાળા આંગણવાડી,પાંચાયત,દવાખાનુાં,બસસ્િેશન,ગામચોરો
માંરદર વગેરે સાવાજતનક સ્થળોએ અવૈજ્ઞાતનક પિતતએ થતા કચરાના ઢગલા અને ઉકરડા
તેમજ વૃક્ષોના ખરેલા પાાંદડા તેમજ અન્ય તવઘિનકારી જૈતવક કચરાના તનકાલની વ્યવસ્થા
22. • કચરાનુાં ઉત્પતત સ્થાન ઘર અને આંગણુાં છે.રહેણાાંક કક્ષાએથી કચરો એકતત્રત કરવો
જોઈએ.
• કાગળ,પ્લાષ્સ્િક,કાચ ધાતુ જેવા સુકા કચરાને અલગ રાખી રૂપાાંતરની પ્રરિયા માિે
સુરબક્ષત રાખવો જોઈએ.
• કચરો પસ્તીવાળાને આપવો જેથી યોગ્ય રીતે કચરો તનકાલ કરી શકાશે અને આતથિક
આવક થઇ શકશે.
• પ્રવાહી કચરો યોગ્ય પ્રરિયા માાંથી પસાર કરી પુનઃ ઉપયોગમાાં લઇ શકાય છે.
Conti…
25. ખાતર ખાડાના ફાયદા
• આ પ્રરિયા પયાાવરણ માિે તમત્ર જેવી છે
• બબન આરોગ્યપ્રદ રીતે કચરાનો તનકાલ કરવાથી થતી હાની સામે પયાાવરણ ને અને
સમુદાયને રક્ષણ આપે છે.
• માખીની ઉત્પતત અિકાવે છે અને ઉંદર નો ઉપદ્રવ પણ રોકે છે.
• આ ખાડામાાંથી મળતુાં સેન્દ્રીય ખાતર રાસાયબણક ખાતરની તુલનાએ જમીનની ફળદ્ર ુપતામાાં
સુધારો લાવે છે.
• ખાતરનો ખાડો તૈયાર કરવા માિે ખુબ થોડી જમીનની જરૂર પડે છે.