This document discusses the importance of sanitation services in buildings. It defines sanitation as facilities and services for the safe disposal of human waste. Sanitation systems include excreta management, wastewater management, solid waste management, and stormwater drainage. Proper sanitation provides health benefits and protects resources by preventing diseases transmitted through feces and wastewater. Inadequate sanitation is responsible for many deaths and diseases worldwide. Investing in sanitation also provides economic benefits, with an estimated $5.5 return for every $1 spent on sanitation services and infrastructure. The document then describes various components of wastewater treatment systems and processes.

1. ASSIGNMENT
BUILDING SERVICES
TOPIC : Importance of sanitary services in
the economics of buildings.
SUBMITTED BY:SUBMITTED TO:
->PUNEET CHHONKER
->B.ARCH 3rd YR , 5th SEM.
-> Ar. SURJEET SINGH

2. Sanitation…
• "Sanitation generally refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human
urine and feces. The word 'sanitation' also refers to the maintenance of hygienic conditions, through
services such as garbage collection and wastewater disposal."
Sanitation includes four infrastructure….
• Excreta management systems.
• wastewater management systems.
• Solid waste management systems.
• Drainage systems for rainwater, also called stormwater
drainage.
The overall purposes of sanitation are…
• To provide a healthy living environment for everyone.
• To protect the natural resources (such as surface
water, groundwater, soil).
• To provide safety, security and dignity for people when
they defecate or urinate.

3. Diseases caused by lack of sanitation
• Waterborne diseases, which can contaminate drinking water
• Diseases transmitted by the fecal-oral route
• Infections with intestinal helminths (worms) - approximately two billion people are infected
with soil-transmitted helminths worldwide; they are transmitted by eggs present in human
feces which in turn contaminate soil in areas where sanitation is poor.
• Stunted growth in children
• Malnutrition, particularly in children
Adequate sanitation in conjunction with good hygiene and
safe water are essential to good health. Lack of proper
sanitation causes diseases. Most of the diseases resulting
from sanitation have a direct relation to poverty. The lack
of clean water and poor sanitation causes many diseases
and the spread of diseases. It is estimated that inadequate
sanitation is responsible for 4.0 percent of deaths and 5.7
percent of disease burden worldwide.
Economic benefits…
• The benefits to society of managing human excreta are
considerable, for public health as well as for the environment. For
every US$1 spent on sanitation, the estimated return to society is
US$5.5.
• It is also help in increasing economy of country.
For any social and
economic development

4. WASTEWATER
• Wastewater is water that has been contaminated to the degree that it is no longer beneficial,
and therefore must be treated before it can be used or released back into the environment.
• Four major types of wastewater are :
• 1. Domestic/Municipal wastewater
• 2. Industrial
• 3. Urban runoff and
• 4. Agricultural runoff
• Wastewater Recycling
• Wastewater recycling is emerging as an integral part of water demand
management.
• Promoting as it does the preservation of high-quality fresh water supplies as
well as potentially reducing the pollutant in the environment and reducing
overall costs.
Wastewater Contaminants
• Wastewater Contaminants
• Suspended solids
• Biodegradable organics (e.g., BOD)
• Pathogenic bacteria
• Nutrients (N & P)
Why treat wastewater?
• Causes a demand for dissolved oxygen (lower DO levels of streams)
• Adds nutrients (nitrate and phosphate) to cause excessive growth
• Increases suspended solids or sediments in streams (turbidity
increase)

5. Levels of Treatment
Primary – removal by physical separation of grit and
large objects (material to landfill for disposal) –
Sedimentation and screening of large debris
Secondary – Biological and chemical treatment –
aerobic microbiological process (sludge) organic matter
+ O2  CO2 + NH3 + H2O NH3  NO3 - aquatic nutrient
Mostly dead microbes
Treatment stages
• Primary treatment
• typical materials that are removed during primary treatment include – fats, oils, and greases – sand,
gravels and rocks – larger settle-able solids including human waste, and – floating materials
• Methods used in primary treatment
• Bar screens
• Grinding
• Grit Chamber
• Sedimentation Tank- primary Settling tank
• Chlorination of effluent
Sedimentation Tank
• primary Settling tank
• Remove grease, oil
• Fecal solid settle, floating material rise to
the surface
• Produce a homologous liquid for later
biological treatment
• Fecal sludge are pumped to sludge
treatment plant

6. 5 physical components
• Aeration tank
• oxygen is introduced into the system
• Aeration source
• ensure that adequate oxygen is fed into the tank
• provided pure oxygen or compressed air
• Secondary clarifiers
• activated-sludge solids separate from the surrounding wastewater
• Activated sludge outflow line
• Pump activated sludge back to the aeration tank
• Effluent outflow line
• discharged effluent into bay or tertiary treatment plant
STUDY OF CHUTES
• Chutes are in common use in tall buildings to allow the rapid
transport of items from the upper floors to a central location
on one of the lower floors or basement. Chutes may be
round, square or rectangular at the top and/or the bottom.
• Laundry chutes in hotels are placed on each floor to allow
the expedient transfer and collection of dirty laundry to the
hotel's laundry facility without having to use elevators or
stairs. In stories, laundry chutes are commonly used as means
for the protagonist to quickly escape, the laundry at the
chute's base often serving to cushion the hero's fall. These
chutes are generally aluminized steel and welded together
to avoid any extruding parts that may rip or damage the
materials.

7. System on each floor means that trash should
not build up in a condo suite where it can attract
pests or become a health hazard. It is an integral
component of condo building garbage
management.
A garbage chute system is a long vertical space
passing by each floor in a building. It includes a
door on each floor where residents can dispose
of their garbage into the chute. This door is
usually contained in a small room on each floor.
Garbage placed in the chute drops to a
compactor or dumpster at the bottom.
A garbage chute
REFUSE CHUTE
• A means of transporting waste materials by chute
, from the point of disposal in HIGH- RISE
residential (or office building)to a refuse collectio
n room at the base of the chute.
• Refuse chute for multistory building comprises
shaft with loading gates at each story and
damping device, which reduces gravitational
speed of solid refuse loaded in the chute. The
damping device is installed along chute axis at
intermediate building story and retained with
support. The damping device is shaped as semi-
loop smoothly bending from chute shaft axis. The
semi-loop has diameter and flexure equal to
shaft diameter. The semi-loop is formed of
separate singly-type branches provided with
flanges to connect sections with each other,
refuse chute and support.
~Puneet Chhonker