This document outlines the key components of a sampling design for assessing water quality, including: 1) Defining the objective and focusing sampling locations downstream of any discharge points. 2) Identifying the target population of water bodies of interest. 3) Determining the sampling strategy by selecting locations, frequency, collection methods, and implementing quality assurance practices. 4) Describing different types of samplers like grab samplers, pole samplers, integrated samplers, and automatic samplers to efficiently collect representative water samples.

1. SAMPLING DESIGN

2. Objective Definition
• For example, if the objective is to assess the impact of industrial
discharge on water quality in a river, the sampling design would focus
on locations downstream of the discharge point to capture potential
pollution effects.

3. Target Population
• The target population includes the water bodies or locations of
interest for the investigation

4. Sampling Strategy
• The sampling strategy determines how sampling locations are
selected and the method of sampling
Sampling Locations-Identify the specific locations within the target
population where water samples will be collected. These locations
should be representative of the water body

5. • Sampling Frequency: Determine the frequency of sampling, including
the number of sampling events and the timing of sampling
throughout the year.
• Sample Collection Methods
• Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC):
• Implement QA/QC measures to ensure the reliability and accuracy of
the collected data. This may include calibration of equipment,
duplicate samples, and adherence to standard operating procedures
• Data Management: How efficiently carry out analysis-interpret and
document it.

6. Samplers-Types
• Grab Samplers: Grab samplers are
simple devices used to collect
instantaneous water samples from a
specific location and depth.
• They typically consist of a container or
bottle attached to a handle that can be
manually lowered into the water to
collect a sample.

7. Pole Samplers:
• Pole samplers are long poles with a
sample collection container at the
end, allowing operators to collect
samples from hard-to-reach
locations such as deep water bodies
or areas with restricted access.

8. • Integrated Samplers: Integrated samplers are designed to
continuously collect water samples over a specified time period or
depth range.
• They may include automated pumps or suction devices to draw water
into a sample collection container

9. Automatic Samplers
Programmable devices designed to automatically collect water samples
at predetermined intervals or in response to specific triggers
Advantages:
Unattended Operation-no need of frequent monitoring –used for long
sampling duration
Precise Timing-can collect at frequent intervals-without any deviation
Remote Monitoring- allowing operators to remotely monitor sampling
activities and receive real-time data updates

10. USAGE
• long-term water quality monitoring programs & research studies -
where continuous, unattended sampling is required