STEPS INVOLVED IN SAMPLING FOR WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS -GIVEN

1. SAMPLING DESIGN

2. Objective Definition
• For example, if the objective is to assess the impact of industrial
discharge on water quality in a river, the sampling design would focus
on locations downstream of the discharge point to capture potential
pollution effects.

3. Target Population
• The target population includes the water bodies or locations of
interest for the investigation

4. Sampling Strategy
• The sampling strategy determines how sampling locations are
selected and the method of sampling
Sampling Locations-Identify the specific locations within the target
population where water samples will be collected. These locations
should be representative of the water body

5. • Sampling Frequency: Determine the frequency of sampling, including
the number of sampling events and the timing of sampling
throughout the year.
• Sample Collection Methods
• Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC):
• Implement QA/QC measures to ensure the reliability and accuracy of
the collected data. This may include calibration of equipment,
duplicate samples, and adherence to standard operating procedures
• Data Management: How efficiently carry out analysis-interpret and
document it.

6. Samplers-Types
• Grab Samplers: Grab samplers are
simple devices used to collect
instantaneous water samples from a
specific location and depth.
• They typically consist of a container or
bottle attached to a handle that can be
manually lowered into the water to
collect a sample.

7. Pole Samplers:
• Pole samplers are long poles with a
sample collection container at the
end, allowing operators to collect
samples from hard-to-reach
locations such as deep water bodies
or areas with restricted access.

8. • Integrated Samplers: Integrated samplers are designed to
continuously collect water samples over a specified time period or
depth range.
• They may include automated pumps or suction devices to draw water
into a sample collection container

9. Automatic Samplers
Programmable devices designed to automatically collect water samples
at predetermined intervals or in response to specific triggers
Advantages:
Unattended Operation-no need of frequent monitoring –used for long
sampling duration
Precise Timing-can collect at frequent intervals-without any deviation
Remote Monitoring- allowing operators to remotely monitor sampling
activities and receive real-time data updates

10. USAGE
• long-term water quality monitoring programs & research studies -
where continuous, unattended sampling is required