The United States has made progress on environmental protection through laws and regulations since the 1970s, but still has work to do. While manufacturing companies now comply with environmental regulations and recycling has increased, issues like conserving water and protecting wildlife still require long-term comprehensive planning. In response, many cities and universities have formed sustainability offices and adopted green plans using new technologies. However, continued highway expansion promotes sprawl and vehicle emissions, threatening species through habitat loss and collisions. More sustainable transportation options like light rail are needed.
The Watershed Protection & Flood Prevention ActMariah Harrod
The Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act was passed in 1954 to address flooding in the US. It arose from environmentalist efforts and a history of devastating floods in the early 20th century. The Act aims to conserve and manage water resources through projects that prevent flooding and erosion. It has been amended over time to further goals like resource conservation, water quality improvement, and fish and wildlife protection. Today the Act supports over 2,000 watershed programs across the US and has helped reduce flooding impacts and deaths. Future amendments may further promote ecological preservation alongside flood control.
hazards of industrialisation and urbanisationArvind Kumar
This document discusses the environmental hazards caused by industrialization and urbanization, including pollution of water, air, soil and biodiversity loss. Rapid urban population growth and increased resource consumption have caused issues like water scarcity, pollution from industries and vehicles, and climate change. Proper management of waste, conservation of resources, and sustainable practices are needed to balance environmental protection and development.
Making Gods Own country truly Green | MBAtiousaneesh p
A presentation on making Kerala - Gods own country truly green. Kerala is one of the 10 paradises on earth for its natural beauty, greenery rich cultural heritage and tranquility - National geographical traveler.
Weekly Wetlands Sustainability Report - NET Africa (www.netafrica.be)NET Africa
This week we focus on SDG 13 Climate Action, SDG 11 sustainable cities and communities and SD6’ Clean water and sanitation, SDG 4 Education. We also focus on World Environment Day.
This document provides an overview of various environmental issues around the world in the year 2000, including:
- Rapid population growth and poverty putting pressure on resources
- High levels of water pollution, loss of wetlands, and depletion of aquifers
- Increased greenhouse gases leading to impacts like rising sea levels and temperature
- Accelerating loss of biodiversity and damage to ecosystems
- Unsustainable use of resources like soils, forests, and fossil fuels
- Growing waste problems and difficulty finding new landfill sites
It also discusses the principles of ecologically sustainable development.
The document summarizes key aspects of environmentalism including its roots in the 19th century conservation movement and influential events and publications that helped shape modern environmentalism such as Rachel Carson's Silent Spring. It also discusses concepts important to environmentalism such as sustainability, sustainable development, and humanity's varying interactions with and impacts on the natural environment throughout history.
The document discusses the Ramsar Convention, which is an intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for wetland conservation and management. Some key details:
- The Ramsar Convention was signed in 1971 in Ramsar, Iran and focuses specifically on wetland protection. There are currently 171 signatory countries.
- The Ramsar Secretariat coordinates the treaty's implementation from its headquarters in Gland, Switzerland.
- The Convention encourages designation of Ramsar sites, which are wetlands of international importance that receive protections. There are currently over 2,400 Ramsar sites globally covering over 250 million hectares.
Millennium ecosystem services and millennium development goals by aabid mirAabid Hussain Mir
The document discusses the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The MA was the largest assessment of the health of ecosystems and their impact on human well-being. It found that changes to ecosystems over the past 50 years increased provision of some services but exacerbated poverty and risks nonlinear changes. The MDGs established targets for reducing poverty, hunger, disease, and improving health, education by 2015. Both the MA and MDGs recognize the importance of ecosystems for achieving sustainable development and reducing poverty.
The Watershed Protection & Flood Prevention ActMariah Harrod
The Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act was passed in 1954 to address flooding in the US. It arose from environmentalist efforts and a history of devastating floods in the early 20th century. The Act aims to conserve and manage water resources through projects that prevent flooding and erosion. It has been amended over time to further goals like resource conservation, water quality improvement, and fish and wildlife protection. Today the Act supports over 2,000 watershed programs across the US and has helped reduce flooding impacts and deaths. Future amendments may further promote ecological preservation alongside flood control.
hazards of industrialisation and urbanisationArvind Kumar
This document discusses the environmental hazards caused by industrialization and urbanization, including pollution of water, air, soil and biodiversity loss. Rapid urban population growth and increased resource consumption have caused issues like water scarcity, pollution from industries and vehicles, and climate change. Proper management of waste, conservation of resources, and sustainable practices are needed to balance environmental protection and development.
Making Gods Own country truly Green | MBAtiousaneesh p
A presentation on making Kerala - Gods own country truly green. Kerala is one of the 10 paradises on earth for its natural beauty, greenery rich cultural heritage and tranquility - National geographical traveler.
Weekly Wetlands Sustainability Report - NET Africa (www.netafrica.be)NET Africa
This week we focus on SDG 13 Climate Action, SDG 11 sustainable cities and communities and SD6’ Clean water and sanitation, SDG 4 Education. We also focus on World Environment Day.
This document provides an overview of various environmental issues around the world in the year 2000, including:
- Rapid population growth and poverty putting pressure on resources
- High levels of water pollution, loss of wetlands, and depletion of aquifers
- Increased greenhouse gases leading to impacts like rising sea levels and temperature
- Accelerating loss of biodiversity and damage to ecosystems
- Unsustainable use of resources like soils, forests, and fossil fuels
- Growing waste problems and difficulty finding new landfill sites
It also discusses the principles of ecologically sustainable development.
The document summarizes key aspects of environmentalism including its roots in the 19th century conservation movement and influential events and publications that helped shape modern environmentalism such as Rachel Carson's Silent Spring. It also discusses concepts important to environmentalism such as sustainability, sustainable development, and humanity's varying interactions with and impacts on the natural environment throughout history.
The document discusses the Ramsar Convention, which is an intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for wetland conservation and management. Some key details:
- The Ramsar Convention was signed in 1971 in Ramsar, Iran and focuses specifically on wetland protection. There are currently 171 signatory countries.
- The Ramsar Secretariat coordinates the treaty's implementation from its headquarters in Gland, Switzerland.
- The Convention encourages designation of Ramsar sites, which are wetlands of international importance that receive protections. There are currently over 2,400 Ramsar sites globally covering over 250 million hectares.
Millennium ecosystem services and millennium development goals by aabid mirAabid Hussain Mir
The document discusses the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The MA was the largest assessment of the health of ecosystems and their impact on human well-being. It found that changes to ecosystems over the past 50 years increased provision of some services but exacerbated poverty and risks nonlinear changes. The MDGs established targets for reducing poverty, hunger, disease, and improving health, education by 2015. Both the MA and MDGs recognize the importance of ecosystems for achieving sustainable development and reducing poverty.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in environmental science, including:
1) It outlines current environmental conditions such as issues related to population, water, food, climate change, air pollution, and biodiversity.
2) It discusses the historical development of environmentalism in four stages from pragmatic conservation to global environmental citizenship.
3) It describes the divided state of the world between the rich and poor and issues of sustainable development, indigenous people, environmental ethics, and environmental justice.
New Study: Mediterranean countries fall short of achieving region's vision of sustainable development. Food and cities offer opportunities to manage resources more sustainably.
This document discusses several key issues relating to the environment and natural resources in global politics. It covers topics such as declining agriculture and forests, pollution problems like coastal pollution and the ozone hole, challenges in protecting global commons, differing responsibilities between developed and developing countries, pressures on common property resources, important environmental movements, resource geopolitics concerning items like oil and water, and rights of indigenous peoples.
Determinants of Households Willingness to Pay for Conservation of Natural Koo...AI Publications
Most natural resources or environmental goods and services are exposed to degradation, society over utilize them for only their current benefits without thinking the future life span of these resources. The study analyzed determinants of households’ willingness to pay for conservation of natural Kool water (Burie Kool Wuha, W/Gojjam, Ethiopia). The contingent valuation method and Heckman two step model was employed. The results indicates that sex of the household head, education of the household, value attached to the resource by households as source of income, value attached to the resource by households reserving for future generation and wealth of the households has a significant and positive correlation with households WTP, and family size of households, education of the household and wealth of the households has a significant and positive correlation with the households payment levels. On the other hand, initial bid value has a negative correlation with the level of payments. Therefore, by taking the importance of the resource for the society and the households WTP, the policy makers need to focus on identified factors in designing strategies for the conservation of the resource.
This document discusses key environmental issues and conservation efforts. It provides facts on issues like access to clean water and the impacts of deforestation and climate change. It then summarizes challenges in South Africa, including high biodiversity threatened by habitat loss, water scarcity exacerbated by population growth, and an energy system reliant on coal. Conservation efforts in the country aim to protect natural resources and transition to renewable energy, but implementation of laws and policies remains a challenge. Supporting environmental sustainability through projects that enlist leadership and develop local expertise can help address issues in a sustainable way.
This document discusses environmental psychology and various environmental issues affecting the earth. It defines environmental psychology as the study of how humans interact with and affect their surrounding environment. It then covers several topics within environmental psychology, including water pollution, deforestation, man-made disasters, overpopulation, and global warming. For each topic, it provides background information on causes and effects, as well as potential solutions to address these environmental problems.
State of the States Report: A new perspective on the wealth of our nationKatelin Breck
The report, “State of the States: A New Perspective on the Wealth of Our Nation,” details the Ecological Footprint and resource availability of 50 states and the District of Columbia. Created in collaboration with Earth Economics in Tacoma, Washington, the report finds that resource consumption and availability varies dramatically state by state.
2015 has been a very important year for humanity and the health of our planet. With your generous support, we made substantial strides advancing global sustainability in 2015. Click on the slideshow below for highlights from the year.
Weekly Wetlands Sustainability Report - NET Africa (www.netafrica.be)NET Africa
The aim of these weekly research
reports is to raise awareness about
African wetlands. This week the
Ondiri Wetland is our focus. The
need to raise awareness about the
wetland is critical. We also launch
the SDG Young Ambassadors
Educational Program for school aged
young people across Europe to learn
more about wetlands in Africa. The
microsite is currently being
translated into different languages
and will be fully accessible by the
end of June. We also review the
World Environment Day in Kenya,
Nairobi.
Sustainable development aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. It requires balancing social progress, environmental protection, prudent resource use, and economic growth. However, continued economic growth risks depleting natural capital like forests, fisheries, water, and causing environmental degradation like climate change. Measuring wealth in terms of inclusive capital, including natural capital, shows lower growth rates than GDP in many countries due to resource depletion and pollution. Urgent action is needed to transition to more sustainable and equitable models of development and green growth.
11.exploring the link between poverty pollution-population (0003www.iiste.org...Alexander Decker
This document examines the link between poverty, population growth, and air pollution (carbon dioxide emissions) in Pakistan from 1975 to 2009. It finds:
1) Population growth and air pollution significantly contribute to increasing poverty in Pakistan based on OLS regression analysis. However, poverty is not found to be a major direct cause of environmental degradation.
2) There is a stable long-run relationship between population, poverty, and pollution in Pakistan according to bounds testing.
3) Unidirectional causality is found from population to carbon dioxide emissions based on causality testing.
4) Poverty in Pakistan increased during the post-reform period due to ineffective pro-poor policies, and population growth also
This document discusses funding for stormwater controls in Maryland. It summarizes that urban stormwater runoff is a major source of pollution to the Chesapeake Bay, and controlling it is critical for improving bay health. However, developing stable funding programs for stormwater mitigation is challenging and controversial, as seen with the "Rain Tax." As populations and urban areas grow, so do impervious surfaces and stormwater runoff pollution loads to local waterways. Effective funding policies and public education are needed to address this issue.
Human population growth and increased affluence are placing major stresses on the environment and society's limited resources. Technology and engineering will be central to monitoring and addressing these problems, as well as creating sustainable solutions. However, predicting the future remains difficult due to uncertainties. The next 25-50 years will be decisive for mitigating stresses on the planet.
the delicate topic of Sustainable Development through a
book which I have co-authored and give to the audience also a perspective on
how Education can sensitively provide support for this framework.
I will participate in my role of affiliate professor of management and behavior
for Grenoble Graduate School of Business, France ( www.ggsb.com)
by mark esposito (m.esposito@ht.umass.edu)
This document summarizes barriers that indigenous communities in Cape York Peninsula, Australia face in participating in Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) markets. It argues that the current environmental management framework delivers suboptimal outcomes and constrains indigenous economic development. Insufficient funding and lack of indigenous involvement have led to increased environmental risks. Multiple layers of environmental legislation greatly restrict indigenous land use without improving outcomes. Weak indigenous land and property rights also limit PES participation. A new approach is needed that recognizes local conditions and history, reconciles development and conservation, and enables indigenous communities to benefit from environmental stewardship of their lands through PES market participation.
This document discusses several human dimensions of environmental science including population growth, poverty, affluence, and wasteful use of resources. It notes that population growth and higher consumption levels strain natural resources and increase pollution. Poverty also negatively impacts the environment as poor people are often forced to overexploit forests and land for survival. Affluent societies consume far more resources per person than those in poverty. Examples of wasteful resource use include auto racing, military exercises, and inefficient production processes. Accounting for ecological footprints can help evaluate resource consumption and sustainability across countries.
Wetlands sustainability report2 - East Africa Region ReportNET Africa
The aim of these weekly research reports is to raise awareness about African wetlands. This week the Ondiri Wetland is our focus. The need to raise awareness about the wetland is critical. We also launch the SDG Young Ambassadors Educational Program for school aged young people across Europe to learn more about wetlands in Africa. The microsite is currently being translated into different languages and will be fully accessible by the end of June. We also review the World Environment Day in Kenya, Nairobi.
El documento discute cómo prevenir la violencia en la escuela Vicente Guerrero. Identifica que el problema es más común entre los grupos mayores y que algunos niños son vulnerables porque viven solos mientras sus padres trabajan. Ofrece sugerencias como pedir pláticas especializadas, seguir el reglamento de la escuela y no seguir ejemplos de familias sin valores. Concluye que los niños deben evitar comportamientos agresivos como empujarse o formar grupos para molestar a otros.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in environmental science, including:
1) It outlines current environmental conditions such as issues related to population, water, food, climate change, air pollution, and biodiversity.
2) It discusses the historical development of environmentalism in four stages from pragmatic conservation to global environmental citizenship.
3) It describes the divided state of the world between the rich and poor and issues of sustainable development, indigenous people, environmental ethics, and environmental justice.
New Study: Mediterranean countries fall short of achieving region's vision of sustainable development. Food and cities offer opportunities to manage resources more sustainably.
This document discusses several key issues relating to the environment and natural resources in global politics. It covers topics such as declining agriculture and forests, pollution problems like coastal pollution and the ozone hole, challenges in protecting global commons, differing responsibilities between developed and developing countries, pressures on common property resources, important environmental movements, resource geopolitics concerning items like oil and water, and rights of indigenous peoples.
Determinants of Households Willingness to Pay for Conservation of Natural Koo...AI Publications
Most natural resources or environmental goods and services are exposed to degradation, society over utilize them for only their current benefits without thinking the future life span of these resources. The study analyzed determinants of households’ willingness to pay for conservation of natural Kool water (Burie Kool Wuha, W/Gojjam, Ethiopia). The contingent valuation method and Heckman two step model was employed. The results indicates that sex of the household head, education of the household, value attached to the resource by households as source of income, value attached to the resource by households reserving for future generation and wealth of the households has a significant and positive correlation with households WTP, and family size of households, education of the household and wealth of the households has a significant and positive correlation with the households payment levels. On the other hand, initial bid value has a negative correlation with the level of payments. Therefore, by taking the importance of the resource for the society and the households WTP, the policy makers need to focus on identified factors in designing strategies for the conservation of the resource.
This document discusses key environmental issues and conservation efforts. It provides facts on issues like access to clean water and the impacts of deforestation and climate change. It then summarizes challenges in South Africa, including high biodiversity threatened by habitat loss, water scarcity exacerbated by population growth, and an energy system reliant on coal. Conservation efforts in the country aim to protect natural resources and transition to renewable energy, but implementation of laws and policies remains a challenge. Supporting environmental sustainability through projects that enlist leadership and develop local expertise can help address issues in a sustainable way.
This document discusses environmental psychology and various environmental issues affecting the earth. It defines environmental psychology as the study of how humans interact with and affect their surrounding environment. It then covers several topics within environmental psychology, including water pollution, deforestation, man-made disasters, overpopulation, and global warming. For each topic, it provides background information on causes and effects, as well as potential solutions to address these environmental problems.
State of the States Report: A new perspective on the wealth of our nationKatelin Breck
The report, “State of the States: A New Perspective on the Wealth of Our Nation,” details the Ecological Footprint and resource availability of 50 states and the District of Columbia. Created in collaboration with Earth Economics in Tacoma, Washington, the report finds that resource consumption and availability varies dramatically state by state.
2015 has been a very important year for humanity and the health of our planet. With your generous support, we made substantial strides advancing global sustainability in 2015. Click on the slideshow below for highlights from the year.
Weekly Wetlands Sustainability Report - NET Africa (www.netafrica.be)NET Africa
The aim of these weekly research
reports is to raise awareness about
African wetlands. This week the
Ondiri Wetland is our focus. The
need to raise awareness about the
wetland is critical. We also launch
the SDG Young Ambassadors
Educational Program for school aged
young people across Europe to learn
more about wetlands in Africa. The
microsite is currently being
translated into different languages
and will be fully accessible by the
end of June. We also review the
World Environment Day in Kenya,
Nairobi.
Sustainable development aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. It requires balancing social progress, environmental protection, prudent resource use, and economic growth. However, continued economic growth risks depleting natural capital like forests, fisheries, water, and causing environmental degradation like climate change. Measuring wealth in terms of inclusive capital, including natural capital, shows lower growth rates than GDP in many countries due to resource depletion and pollution. Urgent action is needed to transition to more sustainable and equitable models of development and green growth.
11.exploring the link between poverty pollution-population (0003www.iiste.org...Alexander Decker
This document examines the link between poverty, population growth, and air pollution (carbon dioxide emissions) in Pakistan from 1975 to 2009. It finds:
1) Population growth and air pollution significantly contribute to increasing poverty in Pakistan based on OLS regression analysis. However, poverty is not found to be a major direct cause of environmental degradation.
2) There is a stable long-run relationship between population, poverty, and pollution in Pakistan according to bounds testing.
3) Unidirectional causality is found from population to carbon dioxide emissions based on causality testing.
4) Poverty in Pakistan increased during the post-reform period due to ineffective pro-poor policies, and population growth also
This document discusses funding for stormwater controls in Maryland. It summarizes that urban stormwater runoff is a major source of pollution to the Chesapeake Bay, and controlling it is critical for improving bay health. However, developing stable funding programs for stormwater mitigation is challenging and controversial, as seen with the "Rain Tax." As populations and urban areas grow, so do impervious surfaces and stormwater runoff pollution loads to local waterways. Effective funding policies and public education are needed to address this issue.
Human population growth and increased affluence are placing major stresses on the environment and society's limited resources. Technology and engineering will be central to monitoring and addressing these problems, as well as creating sustainable solutions. However, predicting the future remains difficult due to uncertainties. The next 25-50 years will be decisive for mitigating stresses on the planet.
the delicate topic of Sustainable Development through a
book which I have co-authored and give to the audience also a perspective on
how Education can sensitively provide support for this framework.
I will participate in my role of affiliate professor of management and behavior
for Grenoble Graduate School of Business, France ( www.ggsb.com)
by mark esposito (m.esposito@ht.umass.edu)
This document summarizes barriers that indigenous communities in Cape York Peninsula, Australia face in participating in Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) markets. It argues that the current environmental management framework delivers suboptimal outcomes and constrains indigenous economic development. Insufficient funding and lack of indigenous involvement have led to increased environmental risks. Multiple layers of environmental legislation greatly restrict indigenous land use without improving outcomes. Weak indigenous land and property rights also limit PES participation. A new approach is needed that recognizes local conditions and history, reconciles development and conservation, and enables indigenous communities to benefit from environmental stewardship of their lands through PES market participation.
This document discusses several human dimensions of environmental science including population growth, poverty, affluence, and wasteful use of resources. It notes that population growth and higher consumption levels strain natural resources and increase pollution. Poverty also negatively impacts the environment as poor people are often forced to overexploit forests and land for survival. Affluent societies consume far more resources per person than those in poverty. Examples of wasteful resource use include auto racing, military exercises, and inefficient production processes. Accounting for ecological footprints can help evaluate resource consumption and sustainability across countries.
Wetlands sustainability report2 - East Africa Region ReportNET Africa
The aim of these weekly research reports is to raise awareness about African wetlands. This week the Ondiri Wetland is our focus. The need to raise awareness about the wetland is critical. We also launch the SDG Young Ambassadors Educational Program for school aged young people across Europe to learn more about wetlands in Africa. The microsite is currently being translated into different languages and will be fully accessible by the end of June. We also review the World Environment Day in Kenya, Nairobi.
El documento discute cómo prevenir la violencia en la escuela Vicente Guerrero. Identifica que el problema es más común entre los grupos mayores y que algunos niños son vulnerables porque viven solos mientras sus padres trabajan. Ofrece sugerencias como pedir pláticas especializadas, seguir el reglamento de la escuela y no seguir ejemplos de familias sin valores. Concluye que los niños deben evitar comportamientos agresivos como empujarse o formar grupos para molestar a otros.
The JESS3 Start-Up Challenge is a new type of reality game where groups are assembled virtually to start a business quickly using a $10,000 investment, with the goal of selling the business for more than the startup cost. Participants vote on leadership and compensation, and work together remotely to hire talent, resources, and sell the business for profit within a limited time frame.
El documento describe los diferentes tipos y partes de los gatos hidráulicos. Explica que los gatos hidráulicos usan un líquido, generalmente aceite, para transmitir presión a través de cilindros y levantar objetos pesados con poca fuerza. También cubre el principio de Pascal que los gatos hidráulicos usan para multiplicar la fuerza aplicada. Finalmente, menciona algunos usos comunes de los gatos hidráulicos como cambiar llantas y operar frenos de automóviles.
Netiquette guidelines include:
1) Be conservative in what you send and do not respond to heated messages, even if provoked.
2) Make it easy for recipients to identify you by including contact information at the end of messages.
3) Be careful when addressing groups, as the address may reach more people than intended.
Este documento presenta una lección sobre recursos naturales para estudiantes de tercer grado de primaria. La lección incluye conceptos sobre recursos naturales renovables y no renovables, actividades como visitar lugares para identificar recursos y sus usos, y una evaluación con preguntas sobre los temas cubiertos.
Web-enabling Mainframe Applications discusses five methods for extending legacy mainframe applications: refacing, repurposing, restructuring, reengineering, and replacing. Refacing involves putting a graphical user interface on green screens. Repurposing changes an application's purpose using business rules. Restructuring breaks applications into presentation, data, and connectivity layers. Reengineering completely rewrites applications. Replacing substitutes applications with ERP packages. The document describes Attachmate products that implement these methods like e-Vantage for refacing, repurposing, and integrating applications.
Introduction to Environmental Science.pptxPapuKumarNaik1
The document summarizes several key environmental issues and concepts:
1) It discusses resource depletion and pollution as major environmental problems exacerbated by human population growth and consumption. 2) Environmental ethics considers humanity's moral responsibility regarding these issues and balancing human and environmental needs. 3) While progress has been made, debates continue around balancing short-term economic interests versus long-term sustainability and planetary interests.
Introduction to Environmental Science.pptxkriztianibaos3
The document discusses environmental issues related to resource use and sustainability. It begins by discussing the gold rush population boom in San Francisco and the 1906 earthquake and fire that damaged infrastructure. To address water issues, city planners sought to dam Hetch Hetchy valley in Yosemite National Park, igniting a debate between anthropocentric and ecocentric views. The document then covers various environmental topics like nonrenewable resources, pollution, biodiversity loss, and ethics. It examines tensions between short-term economic gains and long-term sustainability, and differences between developed and developing nations in standards of living and environmental impacts. Throughout, it emphasizes that human society and the environment are interlinked systems that must achieve balance to allow for continued
This document discusses several key topics in environmental science, including resource depletion, pollution, biodiversity loss, environmental ethics, and sustainability. It notes that while renewable resources can regrow within a human lifetime, nonrenewable resources like coal are finite and will eventually run out if usage is not reduced. It also explores how pollution from industry can spread globally and harm ecosystems far from the source. Developing countries often face more severe environmental problems due to lower regulations and protections. Achieving sustainability will require meeting human needs without compromising the environment for future generations on our limited planet.
The document summarizes key concepts in environmental science through a series of sections:
1. It discusses the debate around building a dam in Hetch Hetchy valley in Yosemite National Park to provide water for San Francisco. This was one of the first major debates between anthropocentric and ecocentric views.
2. It then covers broader environmental topics like resource depletion, pollution, loss of biodiversity, and environmental ethics. Developed and developing countries are also compared in their impact and approach to the environment.
3. Sustainability and the closed system of the Earth are discussed as major challenges given the planet's limited resources and growing population. Meeting needs today without compromising the future is emphasized
Environmental science is the study of the interaction of humans with the natural environment.
The environment includes all conditions that surround living organisms:
Climate
Air and water quality
Soil and landforms
Presence of other living organisms
The document summarizes key topics in environmental science, including:
- The debate around building a dam in Hetch Hetchy valley of Yosemite National Park to provide water for San Francisco.
- Major issues like resource depletion, pollution, loss of biodiversity, and different approaches to environmental ethics between anthropocentrism and ecocentrism.
- The development of environmentalism from conservation to modern activism in response to events like oil spills and toxic pollution.
History of environmental planning and management since mid 20th centuryGeofrey Yator
Environmental planning and management began in the mid-20th century due to increasing environmental degradation from industrialization and population growth. Several major pollution events in the 1940s-1960s caused health issues and brought environmental problems into focus. In 1972 the UN held its first global environmental convention, outlining 26 principles including that humans impact and rely on the environment, and international cooperation is needed to protect the environment for human well-being. Numerous national environmental laws were subsequently passed through the 1970s-1990s to regulate air, water, and hazardous waste pollution.
THERE IS NO REASON TO CELEBRATE TODAY THE INTERNATIONAL DAY OF MOTHER EARTH.pdfFaga1939
The document discusses the need for urgent action to address environmental degradation and climate change based on evidence from recent UN reports. It notes that humanity is losing the battle against forces exacerbating issues like resource depletion, pollution, pandemics, and global warming. The Paris Agreement's goal of limiting warming to 1.5C is still possible but will require immediate, deep emissions reductions across all sectors. Recent UN climate reports warn that the world is on a fast track to disaster if warming isn't curbed through transitioning to renewable energy and more sustainable practices.
Environmental issues emerging from increase in populationDevansh Tiwari
More people require more resources, which means that as the population increases, the Earth’s resources deplete more rapidly. The result of this depletion is deforestation and loss of biodiversity as humans strip the Earth of resources to accommodate rising population numbers
This document discusses the global water crisis and its social, economic, political, and environmental consequences. It notes that over 1 billion people lack access to safe drinking water. Key facts provided include that 3900 children die daily from water-borne diseases. The document then discusses specific examples of water issues and consequences in countries like China, India, Israel, Egypt, and Mexico. Potential solutions to the crisis mentioned include increased conservation efforts, wastewater recycling, and desalination.
The document discusses the major increases in human population and consumption that are putting significant stress on the environment. The growth of the human population from millions to billions in just a few centuries due to technology and medicine is depleting resources and damaging ecosystems. Continued population and economic growth will further degrade the environment unless new technologies can be developed to mitigate these problems. Engineers have a key role to play in measuring environmental impacts, creating sustainable technologies, and helping develop solutions to address the challenges of supporting the human population while protecting the planet.
This chapter discusses water resources and issues related to water availability, use, and pollution. It begins by explaining where water comes from and how it is distributed and used. It then discusses current and future water shortages due to overuse and climate factors. Water management strategies like conservation and infrastructure projects are described. The chapter also covers sources and impacts of water pollution including from industry, agriculture, and municipalities. It concludes by discussing regulations and strategies to control water pollution.
The document discusses the global challenges of water resource management. It notes that rapid population growth, increasing water demands, deteriorating water quality, and climate change are exacerbating a global water crisis. While there have been many international agreements regarding this crisis, little progress has been made in implementing solutions. Achieving targets for access to safe drinking water and sanitation by 2015 will require significant increases in funding from national governments, international donors, and private sector investment. Pricing water appropriately and utilizing public-private partnerships could help address the crisis by increasing investment while protecting access for poor communities.
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Environmental conservation Essay example
1. The document discusses how population growth and land usage impact the environment. As the human population increases, more natural resources are consumed and waste is produced, potentially damaging the environment.
2. Methods of conserving resources include reducing consumption, reusing materials, recycling, and setting aside natural preserves. Recycling paper saves water and reduces air pollution compared to producing new paper.
3. Careful use of land resources through practices like no-till farming, contour plowing, and phytoremediation can reduce soil erosion, break down pollutants, and clean contaminated soil. Most countries set aside some land for preservation to benefit future generations.
This document provides an overview of environmental engineering as a course within the 4th year water resources engineering program. It discusses key topics that will be covered including environmental policies and legislation, sources and control of various types of pollution, and solid and hazardous waste management. The introduction defines important environmental terms and outlines some of the major environmental problems facing Ethiopia, such as climate change, land degradation, deforestation, indoor air pollution, and water pollution. It also provides a brief history of environmental engineering as an outgrowth of various disciplines including civil engineering and public health.
Soil is fundamental, fragile and finite. It impacts everything from food and health to conflict and migration. Deeper understanding of its degradation raises the significance of soil to equal that of climate change and biodiversity loss.
We know that the quality of our soil is the key to the food we grow, the clothes we wear and the water we drink. It recycles nutrients, sequesters carbon, is fundamental to biodiversity, helps keep our ecosystems in balance and is an essential part of our general wellbeing. But, although soil represents the difference between survival and extinction for most terrestrial life, human activities have caused it harm leading to compaction, loss of structure, nutrient degradation, increasing salinity and denuding landscapes. Furthermore, the urgent need to preserve soil receives relatively little attention from governments. An unsung hero of our planet, it is fragile, infinitely important and finite. Why do we treat it with such disregard?
As part of the World in 2030 programme, this foresight explores the future of soil and the stresses ahead https://www.futureagenda.org/foresights/peaksoil/
l̂̂̂ î;The environmental revolution has been almost.docxSHIVA101531
l̂̂̂ î;
The environmental revolution has been almost
three decades in the making, and it has changed for-
ever how companies do business. In the 1960s and
1970s, corporations were in a state of denial regard-
ing their impact on the environment. Then a series
of highly visible ecological problems created a
groundswell of support for strict government regu-
lation. In the United States, Lake Erie was dead. In
Europe, the Rhine was on fire. In Japan, people were
dying of mercury poisoning.
Today many companies have accepted their re-
sponsibility to do no harm to the environment.
Products and production processes are becoming
cleaner; and where sueh change is under way, the
environment is on the mend. In the industrialized
nations, more and more companies are "going
green" as they realize that they can reduce pollu-
tion and increase profits simultaneously. We have
come a long way.
fer to as its carrying capacity. Increasingly, the
scourges of the late twentieth century-depleted
farmland, fisheries, and forests,- choking urban pol-
lution,- poverty; infectious disease; and migration-
are spilling over geopolitical borders. The simple
fact is this: in meeting our needs, we are destroying
the ability of future generations to meet theirs.
The roots of the problem-explosive population
growth and rapid economic development in the
emerging economies - are political and social issues
that exceed the mandate and the capabilities of any
corporation. At the same time, corporations are the
only organizations with the resources, the technol-
ogy, the global reach, and, ultimately, the motiva-
tion to achieve sustainability.
It is easy to state the case in the negative: faced
with impoverished customers, degraded environ-
ments, failing political systems, and unraveling
societies, it will be increasingly difficult for cor-
Strateqies for a Sustainable World
But the distance we've traveled will seem small
when, in 30 years, we look hack at the 1990s. Be-
yond greening lies an enormous challenge-and an
enormous opportunity. The challenge is to develop
a sustainable global economy: an economy that the
planet is capable of supporting indefinitely. Al-
though we may be approaching ecological recovery
in the developed world, the planet as a whole re-
mains on an unsustainable course. Those who
think that sustainability is only a matter of pollu-
tion control are missing the bigger picture. Even if
all the companies in the developed world were to
achieve zero emissions by the year 2000, the earth
would still be stressed beyond what biologists re-
porations to do business. But the positive case is
even more powerful. The more we learn about the
challenges of sustainability, the clearer it is that we
are poised at the threshold of a historic moment
in which many of the world's industries may be
transformed.
To date, the business logic for greening has been
largely operational or technical: bottom-up pollu-
tion-prevention programs have saved companies
S ...
This document analyzes the feasibility of a year-round farmer's market in Bay City, Michigan. It examines two potential sites for the market - the existing Bay County Market site and a riverfront site. It also reviews three nearby existing seasonal farmers markets in Saginaw, Midland, and Bay City. The Kellogg Foundation is cited stating main difficulties farmers markets face. Recommendations include joining the Michigan Farmers Market Association, coordinating market times, increasing social media presence, accepting SNAP/WIC payments, recruiting vendors, hiring a full-time manager, and pursuing the riverfront site.
Local Economic Development by Promoting Cultural Events and TourismKevin Choi
This document discusses several cultural events and tourism promotions in East Lansing, Michigan and how they benefit the local economy. It describes annual events like the Summer Solstice Jazz Festival, Great Lakes Folk Festival, and East Lansing Arts Festival. These events attract thousands of visitors each year and support local businesses through increased spending. The document also analyzes the demographic characteristics of the local population and visitors to determine what types of events would be most successful.
Year Round Farmers Market Feasibility Study Bay City2Kevin Choi
The report analyzes the feasibility of a year-round farmers market in Bay City, Michigan. It examines the socioeconomic conditions and demographics of the area, reviews the two existing markets, studies other successful year-round Michigan markets as case studies, and assesses two potential market sites. Based on the research, the report recommends pursuing a year-round market, which could revitalize the downtown area and bring social, health, and economic benefits to the community.
Global climate change is causing several health impacts:
- The greenhouse effect is trapping heat and causing sea levels to rise, melting glaciers. Sea levels have risen 3.2 mm in 2013 and are predicted to be 7 feet higher by 2100, flooding coastal cities.
- Increased carbon dioxide and other pollutants from vehicles and power plants are exacerbating respiratory illnesses, especially in children and seniors.
- Ocean acidification from absorbed carbon dioxide is damaging shells and skeletons of aquatic organisms.
- Floods spread water-borne and vector-borne diseases like typhoid, cholera, malaria and dengue through contaminated water and increased mosquito breeding grounds.
- Smart road initiatives using solar and wind energy and
The document discusses a planning director's dilemma regarding a proposed redevelopment project in Farmers Twig, Texas. The project aims to revitalize an aging neighborhood by replacing affordable houses with expensive ones, raising property taxes. This risks reducing affordable housing. The director must choose between economic growth and preserving affordability. They decide to advocate for the project in their staff report if a companion program replaces lost affordable units, such as including some studio apartments. This balances revitalization with maintaining housing choices for disadvantaged residents.
The Red Cedar Watershed is located in the southeast region of the Clinton-Eaton-Ingham area in Michigan and covers 461 square miles. It originates in Livingston County and flows north and west for 40 miles before entering the Grand River in Ingham County. The document examines the current condition of the watershed, how it impacts the local community's public health, how the local communities impact the watershed, and potential solutions that could benefit both the watershed and local communities. Water quality testing has found the water to be contaminated with E. coli bacteria, which can cause diseases like diarrhea, anemia, and kidney failure in humans. Agricultural runoff, urban development, and buried pipes that drain
The document discusses energy issues in the United States and strategies to address them. It notes that the US heavily relies on non-renewable fossil fuels that cause pollution and climate change. Various energy sources like coal, oil and gas are examined in terms of their environmental impacts. The goals of securing energy supply, improving efficiency and reducing pollution are outlined. Actions at the federal, state and individual level to transition to cleaner energy and more sustainable practices are also reviewed.
The climatology researchers in Mendoza, Argentina gathered data on the Mendoza River watershed to develop a hydrological model of the region and simulate impacts of climate change on water resources. They used the SWAT model, which accurately simulated river flows. The model projected decreases in river flows of 3.5-11.8% under scenarios of increased temperature and decreased precipitation. This would severely impact the region's viticulture and agriculture industries, as grape and crop yields would decline with less water availability. To prevent worse outcomes, the researchers recommended transitioning to renewable energy and developing drought-resistant grape varieties through genome sequencing.
The document proposes building a movie theater in East Lansing, Michigan to benefit stressed college students at Michigan State University. It identifies criteria for selecting an appropriate location, including zoning that allows theaters, a parcel size over 500 square meters, proximity to populations aged 18-21, and access within a half mile of public bus stops. Maps show potential building sites that meet these criteria in the B-2 and B-3 commercial districts near MSU dormitories and bus routes.
This document presents a comparative analysis of solar energy potential across the continental United States. The objectives are to identify main factors for potentially fruitful solar sites, analyze classified factors based on their influence, and represent potentially fruitful solar sites. Various data layers are analyzed using GIS, including elevation, solar radiation, distance to towns and roads, land cover, and cloud cover. Maps are produced to show global radiation, accessibility, available lands, and potential solar energy sites across the U.S.
This document discusses strategies for promoting local economic development through cultural events and tourism in East Lansing, Michigan. It provides details on the local economy, including diverse businesses and a low commercial vacancy rate. It argues that small businesses can benefit from cultural events and tourism by advertising and making profits from local residents and visitors. Specifically, it examines using festivals like the Summer Solstice Jazz Festival to increase economic activity, exploit arts/culture assets, and promote place making. The festival has grown since 1996 and now has many local sponsors who can advertise to attendees.
1. Choi 1
What the U.S. Has done, What Is It Doing, and What Needs to Be Done for Environmental
Sustainability
Since the modern environmental movement in the 1960s, the U.S. has been improved its air
and water quality with environmental laws and regulations. Since 1970, the U.S. has spent more
money on environmental protection than any other nation.I Manufacturing companies added
environmental compliance departments to avoid running afoul of environmental laws and
regulation and reduce pollution, energy consumption, and waste by altering their product and
manufacturing process. Social media deliberately informed environmental impacts from
extracting common natural resources over their carrying capacities around the world through
newspapers and internet. Demands of living and working in safe, healthy and attractive places
with sustainable water supplies and air quality were increased. Recently, American households
recycled more wastes, consumed less water, and bought more local products. However, the
U.S. still has a long way to go for environmental sustainability because sustainable
environments depend on the continuous efforts of businesses, governments, and households
to improve and protect damaged environments from Laissez-faire.1 Laissez-faire is a French
phrase which can be translated as “let it do” in English and it refers the economic system or
social engineering that was free from government interferences such
as regulations, privileges, tariffs, and subsidies in the 19th century and it is the one of major
factors of the industrial revolution.II
Major environmental issues such as conserving water supplies, mitigating natural hazards,
retaining forests and farms in sustainable ways, and protecting wildlife habitats require more
than twenty years with current technology to be effectively managed in terms of quality and
quantity, but the usual comprehensive planning process has 10 to 20 years of time horizon. The
regional government in Portland, Oregon recognized the need for long-term planning and
adopted a comprehensive plan that has 45 years of time horizon in 1995.1 What else the U.S.
has done, what is it doing, and what needs to be done for environmental sustainability?
The concerned scholars, citizens, government officials formed offices of sustainability in cities
and universities. More than 1,700 land trusts were formed. Land trusts are non-profit
organizations that actively work to conserve lands and resources. They created their own green
comprehensive plans, climate action plans, green infrastructure plans, and sustainability plans
with excessive geographic information and analyses from geographic information system (GIS)
and light detection and ranging (LIDAR) remote sensing technology. These technologies allowed
planners, developers, local officials, and the public to reason where development should be
done and constrained by identifying physical and cultural landscape features and approximate
amount of natural resources. Recently, 50 million acres of land for wildlife habitat, recreation,
farming, and forestry are preserved.III Some states became more proactive than the federal
government. California’s motor vehicle and air-quality standards are stricter than the federal
standards. Pennsylvania pioneered a brownfields cleanup. Oregon has stringent agricultural and
timber land zoning with urban growth boundaries.1 The federal government did not enforced to
have a certain amount of electricity from renewable sources. Voluntarily, some states adopted
renewable portfolio standards which require utilities to have a certain amount of electricity
2. Choi 2
from renewable sources.IV Public participation and activism were increased by social media,
land trusts, governments, and technology. The 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act were
partially written by representatives from non-profit organizations such as the Natural Resources
Defense Council (NRDC), the Environmental Defense Fund, the Sierra Club, the National Wildlife
Federation, and the National Audubon Society.V Sometimes, non-profit organizations regulate
governments. The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) sued the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) to require states to undertake the cleanup of polluted waters through
the Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) process under the 1972 Clean Water Act.
The U.S. voters approved more than $50 billion for land conservation from 1998 to 2010.VI In
New Jersey, more than 200 municipalities and 23 counties drafted open space plans and
established open space trust funds to buy lands.VII With the investments on nature conservation
and green infrastructures, states, countries, and communities across America are buying private
working landscapes and natural areas and building green infrastructures in order to improve
water quality, storm water and sewer management, wildlife habitat, perpetuate healthy
forests, scenic vistas from public areas, and sustainable agriculture.VIII The U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) estimated that the economic benefits of the 1990 Clean Air Act
exceeded the costs more than twelve times in 2010. Increasing awareness of green structures’
benefits even allowed local governments to require green infrastructures in development
projects and give incentives for green roofs, rain gardens, and swales.1 A green roof is a roof
that covered with plants in order to absorb rainwater, provide insulation, create a habitat for
wildlife, lower urban air temperatures, and mitigate the heat island effect.IX A rain garden is a
garden positioned near a downspout, driveway or sump pump to capture rainwater runoff and
stop the water from reaching the sewer system.X A swale is a moist or marshy low tract of land
that designed to manage water runoff, filter pollutants, and increase rainwater infiltration.XI
Contrary, some technologies are not leading the U.S. to more sustainable environments. The
U.S. congress spent approximately $1 trillion dollars on new highway construction and road and
bridge repairs between 1991 and 2012. New highways promoted suburban developments into
the countryside and more vehicle travels.1 Carbon dioxide emission from motorized vehicles
accelerated glaciers melting. Also, carbon Dioxide dissolves calciumcarbonate which is the one
of substances in the shells and skeletons of aquatic organisms and fishes, one of major food
sources in the U.S., are in danger of collapse. More than one-quarter of World’s coral reefs
have been destroyed and 6 of the 10 largest marine ecosystems were being fished at
unsustainable rates.XII Sea water level was increased 3.2 mm in 2013 and climate scientists are
predicting that the sea level can be 7 feet higher by 2100 if mankind does not reduce its
greenhouse gas emission.XIII The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the world body
for assessing the science related to climate change, ranked coastal flooding death as one of the
major threats and approximately 40% of U.S. population is living on coastal areas.XIV According
to the World Health Organization, floods can kill or traumatize living organisms by
drowning. Also, they can increase water-borne or vector-borne communicable disease
infection by serving breeding sites for infectious disease causing mosquitos, contaminating
drinking water facilities, and spreading rodents’ urine in the soil. The rodents are mammals
that have leptospires, infectious bacterial disease causing pathogens, in their urine. They
3. Choi 3
urinate on the ground and floods spread those pathogens. This transmission is the only
water-borne epidemic-prone infection which transmits pathogens directly from
contaminated water. Transmission occurs through contact of the skin and mucous
membranes with water, wet soil, and plants. Major water-borne diseases that related
flooding are typhoid fever, cholera, leptospirosis and hepatitis A. Major Vector-borne diseases
that related flooding are malaria, dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever, yellow fever, and
West Nile Fever.XV Therefore, mitigating greenhouse emission by using more sustainable energy
sources and finding ways to accelerate dispersed carbon dioxide’s absorbing process is crucial
for public health.
What are other disadvantages of constructing more highways? Highways have been blocked
wildlife animals’ natural paths and caused massive damages on vehicles and endangered animal
species. Vehicle-animals collisions costs about $8 Billion per year and about a million animals
die by motor vehicles per day in the U.S. 21 endangered species are in risk of extinction by road
kills. They are: key deer, bighorn sheep, ocelot, red wolves, desert tortoises, American
crocodiles, and Florida panthers.XVI Wildlife crossing structures have been built in the past 30
years. These have been used to protect mountain goats in Montana, spotted salamanders in
Massachusetts, bighorn sheep in Colorado, desert tortoises in California, and endangered
Florida panthers in Florida.XVII However, the U.S. is still spending about $8 billion per year for
animal collisions on highways. 25 state departments of transportations reported that
construction of wildlife crossings range from $1 million to $8.5 million. The average cost is $2.3
million.XVIII With $2 billion, U.S. can build about 200 wildlife crossing structures and the
problems of road kills can be eliminated within a generation.XIX However, the U.S. cannot just
keep building more and more highways and wildlife crossings. Petroleum is not going to last
forever and petroleum demands surpassed the supply.XX In order to deal with air quality,
substantial population growth and increasing traffic congestion in sustainable way, light-rail
systems need to be implemented on metropolitan areas. Portland, Oregon successfully
promoted light rail system. San Diego, California adopted a law which links land-use planning,
transportation, and the reduction of greenhouse gas emission and made a regional plan based
on that law in order to accommodate up to 1 million additional residents.1
Even though the U.S. has spent more money on environmental protection than any other
nation since 1970, it is the second largest greenhouse gas contributor for current climate
change. The investment on green infrastructures, mass transits, and smart growth for
minimizing negative impacts of climate change has fallen well short of the target after the
subprime mortgage crisis according to Bloomberg New Energy Finance.XXI Human health and
well-being are both dependent on ecosystems and are important outcomes of ecosystem
management.XXII We should raise the fund to protect foods, water supplies, lands, plants,
wildlife, and humanity with careful planning, regulation, diligence, and trusts.
I DanielTom. 2014. “The Environmental Planning Handbook.” Chicago & Washington: the
Amercican Planning Association
II Wikipedia. December 3, 2015. “Laissez-faire” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laissez-faire.
Retrieved November 27, 2015
4. Choi 4
III LandTrustAlliance. 2010. “Land Trust Census.” https://www.landtrustalliance.org/land-
trusts/land-trust-census. Retrieved November 27, 2015
IV National Conference of State Legislatures. October 2015. “TATE RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO
STANDARDS AND GOALS”http://www.ncsl.org/research/energy/renewable-portfolio-
standards.aspx. Retrieved November 27, 2015
V Dowie, M. American Environmentalism at the End of the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, MA:
MIT Press, 1995, p. 87.
VI Trust for Public Land. “LandVote.” 2012. http://www.tpl.org/what-we-do/policy-
/landvote.html. Retrieved November 27, 2015
VII State of New Jersey. 2007 State Hazard Mitigation Plan. Appendix t, New Jersey Open Space
Programs Potential Funding Sources. 2007.
http://www.nj.gov/njoem/pdf/mitigation/appendix.pdf. Retrieved November 27, 2015
VIII Wikipedia. November 6, 2015. “conservation easement”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_easement Retrieved November 27, 2015
IX Wikipedia. November 16, 2015. “Green roof” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_roof
Retrieved November 27, 2015
X Rain garden network. “What is a rain garden?” http://www.raingardennetwork.com/
Retrieved November 27, 2015
XI U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Washington, DC (1999). "Storm Water
Technology Fact Sheet: Vegetated Swales." EPA Document No. 832-F-99-006. Retrieved
November 27, 2015
XII Burke, L., K. Reytar, M. Spaulding, and A. Perry. Reefs at Risk Revisited. Washington,
DC: World Resources Institute, 2011. http://www .wri.org/publication/reefs-at-risk-
revisited. Retrieved November 28, 2015
XIII NOAA. (July 12, 2014). “2013 State of the Climate: Sea level”. climate.gov:
http://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/2013-state-climate-sea-level.
Retrieved November 28, 2015
XIV KintischEli. (April 4, 2014). In New Report, IPCC Gets More Specific About Warming Risks.
“Science”,
Page: 21.
XV World Health Organization. “Flooding and communicable diseases fact sheet”. Humanitarian
Health Action: http://www.who.int/hac/techguidance/ems/flood_cds/en/ Retrieved November
28, 2015
XVI Twisted Shifter. 2013. Amazing Animal Bridges Around the World. “Twisted Shifter”
XVII Kaushik. 2012. Wildcrossings Around The World . “Amusing Planet”.
XVIII AASHTO. 2014. “Center for Environmental Excellence”. One Stop Source of Environmental
Information for Transportation Professionals:
http://environment.transportation.org/environmental_issues/wildlife_roads/decision_guide/m
anual/2_1.aspx. Retrieved November 28, 2015
XIX ARC. 2014. “WHAT’S BEEN DONE ABOUT ROADKILL, AND WHY ISN’T IT ENOUGH?” NEW
SOLUTIONS : http://arc-solutions.org/new-solutions/ Retrieved November 28, 2015
5. Choi 5
XX Nick A. OwenR. Inderwildi, David A. KingOliver. March 10, 2010. “The status of conventional
world oil reserves—Hype or cause for concern”. ScienceDriect:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421510001072. Retrieved November
29, 2015
XXI Bloomberg New Energy Finance. April 14, 2015. “Fossil Fuels Just Lost the Race Against
Renewables”. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-14/fossil-fuels-just-lost-the-
race-against-renewables. Retrieved November 30, 2015
XXII Bunch, M. J., K. E. Morrison, M. W. Parkes, and H. D. Venema. 2011. Promoting health and
well-being by managing for social–ecological resilience: the potential of integrating ecohealth
and water resources management approaches. Ecology and Society 16(1): 6. [online] URL:
http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol16/iss1/art6/