Medical investigations in gynecological patientsMuni Venkatesh
ย
This document outlines methods for investigating and examining gynecological patients. It discusses obtaining a thorough patient history, performing a physical exam including pelvic and breast exams, conducting diagnostic tests and procedures in the office like STI testing and Pap smears, and ordering diagnostic lab tests. The goal is to properly evaluate, diagnose, and treat women's health issues.
The 15-year-old boy presented with gradually worsening lower right abdominal pain for 4 days, along with nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. On examination, he had tenderness in the right iliac fossa and rebound tenderness. Acute appendicitis should be considered, as the presentation is consistent with the classic progression of abdominal pain from periumbilical to localized right lower quadrant pain, along with common associated symptoms of anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. Laboratory tests such as a CBC can help evaluate for elevated white blood cells, though the diagnosis of appendicitis is primarily based on the history and physical exam findings.
Preparing for Pregnancy? Beware of These 3 Factors Linked to Blocked Fallopia...FFragrant
ย
Women should notice 3 factors linked to blocked fallopian tubes when preparing for pregnancy. And they can choose herbal medicine Fuyan Pill to achieve positive results.
This document discusses acute appendicitis in pregnant women. It defines appendicitis as inflammation of the appendix during pregnancy, which can cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and fever. The document classifies appendicitis severity and describes etiological factors like hormonal changes, anatomical shifts and immune system alterations in pregnancy. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation, imaging like ultrasound or MRI, and ruling out other conditions. Treatment options include conservative management with antibiotics, or surgical intervention like laparoscopic appendectomy if appendicitis is complicated.
PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE (PID)
This presentation is prepared as a case based discussion.
References include American Academy of Family Physicians AAFP
I WOULD LIKE TO DEDICATE SPECIAL THANKS TO
DR ALI AL KHALAF FOR REVISING THIS MATERIAL
Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix that requires emergency removal of the inflamed appendix, either through laparotomy or laparoscopy surgery. Left untreated, appendicitis can lead to peritonitis and shock which are life threatening. The main symptoms are pain in the lower right abdomen, diarrhea, and tenderness upon palpation. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and physical exam supported by blood tests. Computed tomography (CT) scan is the most accurate test for diagnosis. Treatment involves surgery to remove the appendix, with most patients recovering fully within 10 to 28 days.
Medical investigations in gynecological patientsMuni Venkatesh
ย
This document outlines methods for investigating and examining gynecological patients. It discusses obtaining a thorough patient history, performing a physical exam including pelvic and breast exams, conducting diagnostic tests and procedures in the office like STI testing and Pap smears, and ordering diagnostic lab tests. The goal is to properly evaluate, diagnose, and treat women's health issues.
The 15-year-old boy presented with gradually worsening lower right abdominal pain for 4 days, along with nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. On examination, he had tenderness in the right iliac fossa and rebound tenderness. Acute appendicitis should be considered, as the presentation is consistent with the classic progression of abdominal pain from periumbilical to localized right lower quadrant pain, along with common associated symptoms of anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. Laboratory tests such as a CBC can help evaluate for elevated white blood cells, though the diagnosis of appendicitis is primarily based on the history and physical exam findings.
Preparing for Pregnancy? Beware of These 3 Factors Linked to Blocked Fallopia...FFragrant
ย
Women should notice 3 factors linked to blocked fallopian tubes when preparing for pregnancy. And they can choose herbal medicine Fuyan Pill to achieve positive results.
This document discusses acute appendicitis in pregnant women. It defines appendicitis as inflammation of the appendix during pregnancy, which can cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and fever. The document classifies appendicitis severity and describes etiological factors like hormonal changes, anatomical shifts and immune system alterations in pregnancy. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation, imaging like ultrasound or MRI, and ruling out other conditions. Treatment options include conservative management with antibiotics, or surgical intervention like laparoscopic appendectomy if appendicitis is complicated.
PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE (PID)
This presentation is prepared as a case based discussion.
References include American Academy of Family Physicians AAFP
I WOULD LIKE TO DEDICATE SPECIAL THANKS TO
DR ALI AL KHALAF FOR REVISING THIS MATERIAL
Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix that requires emergency removal of the inflamed appendix, either through laparotomy or laparoscopy surgery. Left untreated, appendicitis can lead to peritonitis and shock which are life threatening. The main symptoms are pain in the lower right abdomen, diarrhea, and tenderness upon palpation. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and physical exam supported by blood tests. Computed tomography (CT) scan is the most accurate test for diagnosis. Treatment involves surgery to remove the appendix, with most patients recovering fully within 10 to 28 days.
A urinary tract infection (UTI) during pregnancy occurs when bacteria enter the urinary tract, leading to an infection. This condition is relatively common during pregnancy due to hormonal changes that can affect the urinary system, as well as the physical changes that occur as the uterus expands and puts pressure on the bladder. UTIs in pregnancy require prompt attention and treatment to prevent complications for both the mother and the baby
The document provides information about acute appendicitis including:
1. Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix and remains a common acute surgical condition. It has a lifetime occurrence of approximately 12% in men and 25% in women.
2. The cause is unclear but obstruction is thought to play a main role by causing inflammation. This can lead to perforation or gangrene if not treated.
3. The diagnosis is typically based on the patient's history and symptoms of abdominal pain migrating to the lower right quadrant, as well as signs on examination like tenderness at McBurney's point. Imaging studies like CT scans can help diagnose unclear cases.
Genital tuberculosis is a significant cause of infertility globally, affecting an estimated 8-10 million women. It commonly involves the fallopian tubes, causing scarring and blockages that impair fertility. Diagnosis is challenging due to the paucibacillary nature of the infection and low sensitivity of diagnostic tests. Investigations include histopathology of endometrial tissue, nucleic acid amplification tests, culture, and imaging. Treatment involves a prolonged course of anti-tuberculosis medications, with surgery reserved for complications. Fertility outcomes are generally poor due to permanent tubal damage, but IVF may offer an option for conceiving.
This document summarizes spontaneous and recurrent abortion, including etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. It discusses risk factors like maternal age and chromosomal abnormalities. Diagnosis involves history, exam, ultrasound, and hCG levels. Treatment depends on severity but may include manual vacuum aspiration, medications, or expectant management. It also covers ectopic pregnancy, noting risk factors and clinical signs like abdominal pain and bleeding. Diagnosis involves ultrasound and hCG levels. Treatment is typically surgical or medical with methotrexate depending on stability and hCG levels.
A 39-year-old woman presented with severe lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding for one day along with passing products of conception. On examination, she was in pain and had mild pallor. Her cervix was dilated to 5 cm. She was diagnosed with incomplete abortion. She was given misoprostol to expel the remaining products, but required dilatation and curettage when this failed. An ultrasound later confirmed complete removal of tissue. Incomplete abortion occurs when vaginal bleeding and cervical dilation begin but some pregnancy tissue remains in the uterus, requiring surgical evacuation to remove it.
This document discusses the case of a 31-year-old woman, G3P2, who presented at 12 weeks and 1 day post-amnenorrhea with a suspected molar pregnancy. Ultrasound findings showed multiple cysts in the uterine cavity with no fetal echo, and her hCG level was 7513 IU/ml. She was diagnosed with a leaking ectopic pregnancy and underwent a laparoscopic left salpingectomy. Intraoperatively, 700cc of hemoperitoneum was found along with a left tubal ectopic pregnancy, while the right fallopian tube and ovaries were normal. The patient was discharged well with advice on contraception.
A 23-year-old woman has experienced 5 recurrent urinary tract infections over the past year characterized by dysuria, increased frequency, and urgency, with lab tests confirming infections caused by various bacteria including E. coli; she now has returned with the same symptoms and preliminary diagnosis is another case of acute cystitis, with lab results supporting staphylococcal infection as the likely cause. Her history of recurrent UTIs is likely due to reinfections rather than anatomical abnormalities, and treatment will require long-term antibiotic prophylaxis to interrupt the cycle of colonization and infection.
Medicine (non resp) treatment guidelines Govt of India Dr Jitu Lal Meena
ย
This document provides guidelines for the treatment of endocervicitis (mucopurulent cervicitis). It describes the signs and symptoms of endocervicitis as well as its typical causative organisms. It recommends presumptive treatment with cefixime and azithromycin or ceftriaxone and doxycycline. It stresses educating and treating patients and partners, promoting condom use, and follow up after one week to ensure compliance and check test results. For recurrent or persistent cervicitis, it recommends reevaluating for possible reexposure or infection and considering alternative treatment courses.
This document discusses appendicitis, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. The appendix is a small pouch connected to the cecum in the digestive system. Appendicitis occurs when the appendix becomes blocked and infected, causing swelling. Common symptoms include abdominal pain localized to the lower right side, nausea, loss of appetite, and fever. Doctors use physical exams, blood tests, imaging like CT scans, and ultrasounds to diagnose appendicitis and rule out other potential causes of abdominal pain. Untreated appendicitis can lead to a burst appendix, so surgical removal of the inflamed appendix (appendectomy) is usually required to treat appendicitis.
Who are in Blocked Fallopian Tubes High-risk Groups?FFragrant
ย
Women can get blocked fallopian tubes due to diseases, bad habits, or other reasons. Fortunately, they can seek herbal medicine Fuyan Pill to get a cure.
Acute appendicitis.. Saudi med students .pptxvwpctuy
ย
The document provides an overview of acute appendicitis including:
1) The anatomy and pathophysiology of appendicitis involving inflammation of the appendix from causes like lymphoid tissue hyperplasia or fecaliths.
2) The clinical presentation of appendicitis including symptoms like right lower quadrant pain and signs found on physical examination.
3) The diagnosis and evaluation of appendicitis using tests like bloodwork, ultrasound, CT scan and the Alvarado score to determine the likelihood of appendicitis.
4) The treatment options which include non-operative management with antibiotics or operative management through open, laparoscopic or natural orifice surgery to remove the appendix.
Urinary Tract Infection with Nursing ManagementSwatilekha Das
ย
Urinary Tract Infection introduction, definition, common microorganisms, classification, predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, diagnostic studies, medical management and nursing management along with assessment, nursing diagnosis, goal, nursing interventions and expected outcome after the intervention.
This document provides information on Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), including its definition, epidemiology, microbiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and staging. PID is defined as an inflammatory process involving the upper female genital tract, including the endometrium, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and pelvic peritoneum. Sexually transmitted infections such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the most common causes. Clinical presentation can vary from asymptomatic to severe symptoms like pelvic pain and fever. Diagnosis is based on patient history, physical exam findings, and ruling out other potential causes through tests and imaging. Untreated PID can lead
Intussusception is the invagination of one part of the intestine into another. It most commonly occurs in infants and children between 6 months and 2 years of age. Ultrasound is the preferred method of diagnosis as it can clearly visualize the "coiled-spring" or "bull's-eye" pattern of intussusception. Non-operative reduction using hydrostatic or pneumatic enema under fluoroscopic or ultrasound guidance is the first-line treatment and has high success rates of 80-95%. Surgical intervention is needed if non-operative reduction fails or if there is evidence of intestinal ischemia or perforation.
Back pain is one of the most common forms of body pain. Back
pain can be felt in many ways. It can range from mild to severe
pain that can affect the ability to move. Back pain can be felt as
muscle pain, stabbing pain, pain that spreads down the legs, and
as reduced flexibility or range of motion. Back pain can be felt as
tingling or pricking, a dull feeling of pain or sharp pain. Back pain
has a number of causes. Back pain can affect your quality of life.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an infection and inflammation of the upper female genital tract involving the fallopian tubes and ovaries. It is usually caused by ascending infection from the cervix or vagina, often due to bacteria like Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis. Risk factors include multiple sexual partners and IUD use. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain and tenderness. Diagnosis involves clinical examination and testing for sexually transmitted infections. Treatment aims to cover common causative bacteria with antibiotic regimens. Without treatment, PID can cause long-term complications like infertility or ectopic pregnancy.
The document discusses appendicitis, including what it is, its causes and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. The appendix is a small pouch attached to the large intestine that can become inflamed due to obstruction. Common symptoms include abdominal pain that starts near the belly button and moves to the lower right. Doctors diagnose appendicitis through examination, history, and sometimes imaging tests. Treatment is generally surgical removal of the appendix, though antibiotics may sometimes be used. Anyone experiencing symptoms should see a doctor immediately as prompt treatment is important.
Diagnosed with Endometriosis While Preparing for Pregnancy- What Steps to Tak...FFragrant
ย
When you are diagnosed with endometriosis while preparing for pregnancy, it's best to take treatment. And herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can be a nice option.
A urinary tract infection (UTI) during pregnancy occurs when bacteria enter the urinary tract, leading to an infection. This condition is relatively common during pregnancy due to hormonal changes that can affect the urinary system, as well as the physical changes that occur as the uterus expands and puts pressure on the bladder. UTIs in pregnancy require prompt attention and treatment to prevent complications for both the mother and the baby
The document provides information about acute appendicitis including:
1. Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix and remains a common acute surgical condition. It has a lifetime occurrence of approximately 12% in men and 25% in women.
2. The cause is unclear but obstruction is thought to play a main role by causing inflammation. This can lead to perforation or gangrene if not treated.
3. The diagnosis is typically based on the patient's history and symptoms of abdominal pain migrating to the lower right quadrant, as well as signs on examination like tenderness at McBurney's point. Imaging studies like CT scans can help diagnose unclear cases.
Genital tuberculosis is a significant cause of infertility globally, affecting an estimated 8-10 million women. It commonly involves the fallopian tubes, causing scarring and blockages that impair fertility. Diagnosis is challenging due to the paucibacillary nature of the infection and low sensitivity of diagnostic tests. Investigations include histopathology of endometrial tissue, nucleic acid amplification tests, culture, and imaging. Treatment involves a prolonged course of anti-tuberculosis medications, with surgery reserved for complications. Fertility outcomes are generally poor due to permanent tubal damage, but IVF may offer an option for conceiving.
This document summarizes spontaneous and recurrent abortion, including etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. It discusses risk factors like maternal age and chromosomal abnormalities. Diagnosis involves history, exam, ultrasound, and hCG levels. Treatment depends on severity but may include manual vacuum aspiration, medications, or expectant management. It also covers ectopic pregnancy, noting risk factors and clinical signs like abdominal pain and bleeding. Diagnosis involves ultrasound and hCG levels. Treatment is typically surgical or medical with methotrexate depending on stability and hCG levels.
A 39-year-old woman presented with severe lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding for one day along with passing products of conception. On examination, she was in pain and had mild pallor. Her cervix was dilated to 5 cm. She was diagnosed with incomplete abortion. She was given misoprostol to expel the remaining products, but required dilatation and curettage when this failed. An ultrasound later confirmed complete removal of tissue. Incomplete abortion occurs when vaginal bleeding and cervical dilation begin but some pregnancy tissue remains in the uterus, requiring surgical evacuation to remove it.
This document discusses the case of a 31-year-old woman, G3P2, who presented at 12 weeks and 1 day post-amnenorrhea with a suspected molar pregnancy. Ultrasound findings showed multiple cysts in the uterine cavity with no fetal echo, and her hCG level was 7513 IU/ml. She was diagnosed with a leaking ectopic pregnancy and underwent a laparoscopic left salpingectomy. Intraoperatively, 700cc of hemoperitoneum was found along with a left tubal ectopic pregnancy, while the right fallopian tube and ovaries were normal. The patient was discharged well with advice on contraception.
A 23-year-old woman has experienced 5 recurrent urinary tract infections over the past year characterized by dysuria, increased frequency, and urgency, with lab tests confirming infections caused by various bacteria including E. coli; she now has returned with the same symptoms and preliminary diagnosis is another case of acute cystitis, with lab results supporting staphylococcal infection as the likely cause. Her history of recurrent UTIs is likely due to reinfections rather than anatomical abnormalities, and treatment will require long-term antibiotic prophylaxis to interrupt the cycle of colonization and infection.
Medicine (non resp) treatment guidelines Govt of India Dr Jitu Lal Meena
ย
This document provides guidelines for the treatment of endocervicitis (mucopurulent cervicitis). It describes the signs and symptoms of endocervicitis as well as its typical causative organisms. It recommends presumptive treatment with cefixime and azithromycin or ceftriaxone and doxycycline. It stresses educating and treating patients and partners, promoting condom use, and follow up after one week to ensure compliance and check test results. For recurrent or persistent cervicitis, it recommends reevaluating for possible reexposure or infection and considering alternative treatment courses.
This document discusses appendicitis, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. The appendix is a small pouch connected to the cecum in the digestive system. Appendicitis occurs when the appendix becomes blocked and infected, causing swelling. Common symptoms include abdominal pain localized to the lower right side, nausea, loss of appetite, and fever. Doctors use physical exams, blood tests, imaging like CT scans, and ultrasounds to diagnose appendicitis and rule out other potential causes of abdominal pain. Untreated appendicitis can lead to a burst appendix, so surgical removal of the inflamed appendix (appendectomy) is usually required to treat appendicitis.
Who are in Blocked Fallopian Tubes High-risk Groups?FFragrant
ย
Women can get blocked fallopian tubes due to diseases, bad habits, or other reasons. Fortunately, they can seek herbal medicine Fuyan Pill to get a cure.
Acute appendicitis.. Saudi med students .pptxvwpctuy
ย
The document provides an overview of acute appendicitis including:
1) The anatomy and pathophysiology of appendicitis involving inflammation of the appendix from causes like lymphoid tissue hyperplasia or fecaliths.
2) The clinical presentation of appendicitis including symptoms like right lower quadrant pain and signs found on physical examination.
3) The diagnosis and evaluation of appendicitis using tests like bloodwork, ultrasound, CT scan and the Alvarado score to determine the likelihood of appendicitis.
4) The treatment options which include non-operative management with antibiotics or operative management through open, laparoscopic or natural orifice surgery to remove the appendix.
Urinary Tract Infection with Nursing ManagementSwatilekha Das
ย
Urinary Tract Infection introduction, definition, common microorganisms, classification, predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, diagnostic studies, medical management and nursing management along with assessment, nursing diagnosis, goal, nursing interventions and expected outcome after the intervention.
This document provides information on Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), including its definition, epidemiology, microbiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and staging. PID is defined as an inflammatory process involving the upper female genital tract, including the endometrium, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and pelvic peritoneum. Sexually transmitted infections such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the most common causes. Clinical presentation can vary from asymptomatic to severe symptoms like pelvic pain and fever. Diagnosis is based on patient history, physical exam findings, and ruling out other potential causes through tests and imaging. Untreated PID can lead
Intussusception is the invagination of one part of the intestine into another. It most commonly occurs in infants and children between 6 months and 2 years of age. Ultrasound is the preferred method of diagnosis as it can clearly visualize the "coiled-spring" or "bull's-eye" pattern of intussusception. Non-operative reduction using hydrostatic or pneumatic enema under fluoroscopic or ultrasound guidance is the first-line treatment and has high success rates of 80-95%. Surgical intervention is needed if non-operative reduction fails or if there is evidence of intestinal ischemia or perforation.
Back pain is one of the most common forms of body pain. Back
pain can be felt in many ways. It can range from mild to severe
pain that can affect the ability to move. Back pain can be felt as
muscle pain, stabbing pain, pain that spreads down the legs, and
as reduced flexibility or range of motion. Back pain can be felt as
tingling or pricking, a dull feeling of pain or sharp pain. Back pain
has a number of causes. Back pain can affect your quality of life.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an infection and inflammation of the upper female genital tract involving the fallopian tubes and ovaries. It is usually caused by ascending infection from the cervix or vagina, often due to bacteria like Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis. Risk factors include multiple sexual partners and IUD use. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain and tenderness. Diagnosis involves clinical examination and testing for sexually transmitted infections. Treatment aims to cover common causative bacteria with antibiotic regimens. Without treatment, PID can cause long-term complications like infertility or ectopic pregnancy.
The document discusses appendicitis, including what it is, its causes and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. The appendix is a small pouch attached to the large intestine that can become inflamed due to obstruction. Common symptoms include abdominal pain that starts near the belly button and moves to the lower right. Doctors diagnose appendicitis through examination, history, and sometimes imaging tests. Treatment is generally surgical removal of the appendix, though antibiotics may sometimes be used. Anyone experiencing symptoms should see a doctor immediately as prompt treatment is important.
Diagnosed with Endometriosis While Preparing for Pregnancy- What Steps to Tak...FFragrant
ย
When you are diagnosed with endometriosis while preparing for pregnancy, it's best to take treatment. And herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can be a nice option.
Can Traditional Chinese Medicine Treat Blocked Fallopian Tubes.pptxFFragrant
ย
There are many traditional Chinese medicine therapies to treat blocked fallopian tubes. And herbal medicine Fuyan Pill is one of the more effective choices.
Understanding the Relationship- Endometriosis and Ovarian Cancer.pptxFFragrant
ย
Endometriosis rarely cause ovarian cancer. However, it can bring many harms to women. Generally, women can seek herbal medicine Fuyan Pill to get a cure.
Managing Adenomyosis- Optimal Duration for Short-Acting Contraceptive Pills.pptxFFragrant
ย
Adenomyosis needs lonig-time managment. And herbal medicine Fuyan Pill should be more effective than short-acting contraceptive pills due to its fewer side effects.
Allopurinol, a uric acid synthesis inhibitor acts by inhibiting Xanthine oxidase competitively as well as non- competitively, Whereas Oxypurinol is a non-competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.
Receptor Discordance in Breast Carcinoma During the Course of Life
Definition:
Receptor discordance refers to changes in the status of hormone receptors (estrogen receptor ERฮฑ, progesterone receptor PgR, and HER2) in breast cancer tumors over time or between primary and metastatic sites.
Causes:
Tumor Evolution:
Genetic and epigenetic changes during tumor progression can lead to alterations in receptor status.
Treatment Effects:
Therapies, especially endocrine and targeted therapies, can selectively pressure tumor cells, causing shifts in receptor expression.
Heterogeneity:
Inherent heterogeneity within the tumor can result in subpopulations of cells with different receptor statuses.
Impact on Treatment:
Therapeutic Resistance:
Loss of ERฮฑ or PgR can lead to resistance to endocrine therapies.
HER2 discordance affects the efficacy of HER2-targeted treatments.
Treatment Adjustment:
Regular reassessment of receptor status may be necessary to adjust treatment strategies appropriately.
Clinical Implications:
Prognosis:
Receptor discordance is often associated with a poorer prognosis.
Biopsies:
Obtaining biopsies from metastatic sites is crucial for accurate receptor status assessment and effective treatment planning.
Monitoring:
Continuous monitoring of receptor status throughout the disease course can guide personalized therapy adjustments.
Understanding and managing receptor discordance is essential for optimizing treatment outcomes and improving the prognosis for breast cancer patients.
The Children are very vulnerable to get affected with respiratory disease.
In our country, the respiratory Disease conditions are consider as major cause for mortality and Morbidity in Child.
Storyboard on Skin- Innovative Learning (M-pharm) 2nd sem. (Cosmetics)MuskanShingari
ย
Skin is the largest organ of the human body, serving crucial functions that include protection, sensation, regulation, and synthesis. Structurally, it consists of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).
1. **Epidermis**: The outermost layer primarily composed of epithelial cells called keratinocytes. It provides a protective barrier against environmental factors, pathogens, and UV radiation.
2. **Dermis**: Located beneath the epidermis, the dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, and sweat glands. It plays a vital role in supporting and nourishing the epidermis, regulating body temperature, and housing sensory receptors for touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.
3. **Hypodermis**: Also known as the subcutaneous layer, it consists of fat and connective tissue that anchors the skin to underlying structures like muscles and bones. It provides insulation, cushioning, and energy storage.
Skin performs essential functions such as regulating body temperature through sweat production and blood flow control, synthesizing vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, and serving as a sensory interface with the external environment.
Maintaining skin health is crucial for overall well-being, involving proper hygiene, hydration, protection from sun exposure, and avoiding harmful substances. Skin conditions and diseases range from minor irritations to chronic disorders, emphasizing the importance of regular care and medical attention when needed.
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
ย
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort.
Nutritional deficiency Disorder are problems in india.
It is very important to learn about Indian child's nutritional parameters as well the Disease related to alteration in their Nutrition.
Dr. Tan's Balance Method.pdf (From Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin)GeorgeKieling1
ย
Home
Organization
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
About AOMA: The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin offers a masters-level graduate program in acupuncture and Oriental medicine, preparing its students for careers as skilled, professional practitioners. AOMA is known for its internationally recognized faculty, award-winning student clinical internship program, and herbal medicine program. Since its founding in 1993, AOMA has grown rapidly in size and reputation, drawing students from around the nation and faculty from around the world. AOMA also conducts more than 20,000 patient visits annually in its student and professional clinics. AOMA collaborates with Western healthcare institutions including the Seton Family of Hospitals, and gives back to the community through partnerships with nonprofit organizations and by providing free and reduced price treatments to people who cannot afford them. The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin is located at 2700 West Anderson Lane. AOMA also serves patients and retail customers at its south Austin location, 4701 West Gate Blvd. For more information see www.aoma.edu or call 512-492-303434.
This presentation gives information on the pharmacology of Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes i.e. Eicosanoids. Eicosanoids are signaling molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic acid. They are involved in complex control over inflammation, immunity, and the central nervous system. Eicosanoids are synthesized through the enzymatic oxidation of fatty acids by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes. They have short half-lives and act locally through autocrine and paracrine signaling.
2. Salpingitis, the inflammation of the fallopian tubes, stands as a
common yet often under-recognized women's health issue. While
benign, its impact on female reproductive health is significant. The
fallopian tubes, crucial for the meeting of sperm and egg and
subsequent transport of the fertilized ovum to the uterus, can be
severely affected by this condition, potentially leading to
complications like ectopic pregnancies.
3. Early detection of
salpingitis is therefore
crucial. This article
delves into three less
known but effective
diagnostic techniques
for salpingitis.
4. 1. Recognizing Symptoms and Physical Examination:
The first step in diagnosing salpingitis involves identifying its
symptoms, which mirror general signs of inflammation like redness,
swelling, heat, and pain. Women with salpingitis often experience
lower abdominal pain, particularly on either side, signaling
inflammation in the fallopian tubes. Through bimanual palpation,
doctors can detect changes in the pelvic organs, which may indicate
fallopian tube inflammation or obstruction.
5. 2. Laparoscopic Insight:
Laparoscopy is a key tool in confirming the presence of salpingitis. Its
ability to provide a direct view of the pelvic area allows for detailed
examination of the fallopian tubes. Conditions such as hydrosalpinx
(fluid-filled fallopian tubes) and obstructions can be effectively
identified through this method. Chromotubation, a specific procedure
during laparoscopy, can further help in assessing tube patency.
6. 3. Blood Test Markers:
Inflammatory conditions like
salpingitis trigger the release of
mediators into the bloodstream.
Elevated levels of white blood
cells and other markers can be
detected through blood tests,
providing indirect evidence of
inflammation. Combining these
results with clinical symptoms
leads to a more accurate
diagnosis.
7. Once salpingitis is diagnosed, appropriate treatment, typically involving
antibiotics and anti-inflammatory measures, should be promptly initiated.
In Traditional Chinese Medicine
(TCM), fallopian tube blockage is
treated with a more holistic approach,
focusing on alleviating inflammation,
improving blood circulation, and
balancing qi. The Fuyan Pill, a herbal
remedy in TCM, is used to treat the
condition and enhance fertility
prospects.
8. In severe cases, timely surgical intervention may be necessary to
prevent the spread of infection and other complications like sepsis
or pelvic abscesses. In such instances, drainage of abscesses may be
performed.
Understanding these diagnostic methods is vital for early detection
and effective management of salpingitis, significantly impacting
women's reproductive health and their journey towards
conception.
9. If you have questions about your condition and treatment, contact
our experts. Most questions are answered in 24 hours.
wuhandrli@gmail.com
herbalistlee@yahoo.com
wuhandrlee@hotmail.com