Parotitis is the inflammation of the parotid glands. It is the most common inflammatory condition of the salivary glands, although inflammation can occur in the other salivary glands as well.
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Definition
Contents of case history Personal Information
General Physical Examination
Extra oral examination Intra oral examination Investigations Diagnosis
List of references
Conclusion
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Parotitis is the inflammation of the parotid glands. It is the most common inflammatory condition of the salivary glands, although inflammation can occur in the other salivary glands as well.
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Contents of case history Personal Information
General Physical Examination
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List of references
Conclusion
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2.
At the end of this presentation the student will be able to:
Defination
Pathophysiology
Signs & symptoms
Causes
Complications
Diagnostic criteria
Treatment i.e Medical,surgical,nursing and nutritional
Patient teaching
Nursing Diagnosis
objectives
3.
The salivary gland consist of the parotid gland, one
on each side of the face below the ear; the
submandibular and sublingual glands, both in the
flour of the mouth and beneath the lips.
Defination
4.
Following are the disorder of the salivary gland:
Parotitis
Sialadenitis
Salivary calculus
Neoplasms
Cancer of the oral cavity
and pharynx
Disorder of the salivary
gland
5.
It is the inflammation and infection of the largest
salivary gland known as parotid gland.
Inflammation results in swelling of the tissues that
surround the salivary gland.
Parotitis
7.
Severe swelling
Pain while chewing or swallowing
Fever
Headache
Weakness and fatigue
Loss of apetite
Signs & symptoms
8.
The diagnosis is clinical. Acute parotitis presents
with sudden onset of indurated, warm,
erythematous swelling of pre- and post-auricular
area with intense local pain and tenderness.
Diagnosis criteria
9.
Medical treatment:
medical management includes
mantaining adequate nutritional and fluid intake,good
oral hygiene, and discontinuing medications. Antibiotic
therapy is necessary and analgecics may be prescribed to
control pain.
Surgical treatment:
if antibiotic therapy is not effective, the
gland may need to be drained by a surgical procedure
known as parotidectomy. The patient is advised to have
any necessary dental work performed prior to surgery.
Treatment
10.
It is the inflamation and swelling of the
parotid, submandibular sublingual or minor
salivary glands.
Sialdenitis
13.
Antibiotics are used to treat infaections. Massage,
hydration. Warm compresses, and corticosteroid
frequently cure the problem.
Chronic sialdenitis with uncontrolled pain is treated
by surgical drainage of the gland or excision of the
gland and its duct.
Treatment
14.
Salivary calculi( also termed as sialolithiasis) is a
condition where a calcified mass or sialolith forms
within a salivary gland, usually in the duct of the
submandibular gland.
Salivary calculus
16.
Calculi within the salivary gland itself cause on
symptoms unless infection arises, however a calculus
that obstructs the glands duct causes sudden, local
and often colicky pain.
Signs & symptoms
17.
On physical assesment, the gland is swollen and
quite tender, the stone itself can be palpable, and its
shadow may be seen on x-ray films.
Diagnosis criteria
18.
Lithotripsy( a procecdure that uses shock waves to
disintegrate the stone) may be used instead surgical
extraction for parotid stones and submandibular
stones.
Lithotripsy requires no anaesthesia, sedation, or
analgesia.
Surgery may be necessary to remove the gland if
symptoms and calculi recur repeatedly.
Treatment
19.
A new and abnormal growth of tissue in a part of the
body, especially as a chracteristic of cancer is called
neoplasms.
Neoplasms
20.
Undesirable sweating
Flushing occuring on the cheek, temporal region and
behind the ears after eating food.
Signs & symptoms
21.
Diagnosis is based on the health history and physical
examination and the result of fine-needle aspiration
therapy.
Diagnosis criteria
22.
Complication from surgery may involve
Facial nerve dysfunction
Frey syndrome
Second primary cancer
Complication
23.
Early-stage salivary gland tumors are usually
curable with surgery alone. If the tumor is malignant
radiation therapy may follow surgery.
Chemotherapy is usually used for palliative purpose.
Succeful treatment have occurred with botulinum
toxin A injections.
Treatment
24.
Cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx, which can
occur in any part of the mouth and throat are curable
if discovered early.
The incidence is almost twice as high in men as it is
in women.
Cancer of the oral cavity
and pharynx
25.
Malignancies of the oral cavity are usually squamous
cell cancers.
Any area of the oropharynx can be a site of
malignant growths, but the lips, the lateral aspects of
the tongue, and the flour of mouth are commonly
affected.
Pathophysiology
26.
Many oral cancers produce few or no symptoms in the
early stages. Later, the most frequent symptom are:
Typical lesion
Tenderness
Difficulty in chewing, swallowing or speaking
Enlarged cervical lymph nodes
Coughing of blood tinged sputum
Ulcer with raised edges
Painless sore
Signs & symptoms
27.
use of cigarette and cigar
Pipe smoking
Use of smokeless tobacco
Excessive use of alcohol
Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV)
Causes
28.
Diagnostic evaluation consist of an:
Oral examination
Assessment of cervical lymph nodes
Biopsies are performed on suspicious lesions
Diagnosis criteria
29.
Instruct the patient importance of preventive mouth
care.
Ensuring adequate food and fluid intake.
Prevent infection if present nurse administers the
prescribed medication.
Educating the patient about self care.
Patient teaching
30.
Salivary gland stones
Illness of other body systems
Frey’s syndrome
Facial numbness
Salivary gland tumors
Facial nerve injury
Complication
31.
Following factors may raise a person risk of
developing salivary gland disorder:
Age
Radiation exposure
Malnutrition
Systemic dehydration
Poor oral hygiene
Risk factors
32.
Based on the assessment data, major nursing diagnoses
may include the following:
Acute pain related to surgical incision
Impaired tissue integrity secondary to surgery and
grafting
Ineffective airway clearance related to obstruction by
mucus or edema
Impaired verbal communication secondary to surgical
resection
Nursing Diagnosis
33.
Medical:
In patient diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer,
management varies with the nature of the lesion, the
preferance of the physician and patient choice.
Radiation therapy and chemotherapy may be useful and
preserve function.
Surgical:
Surgical procedures include hemiglossectomy (surgical
removal of half of the tongue) and total glossectomy
(removal of the tongue).
Surgical resection and radiation therapy are standard
treatment.
Treatment
35.
Nutritional:
The patient’s nutritional status preoperatively, and a
dietery consultation may be necessary. The patient may
require enteral or parenteral feeding before and after
surgery to maintain adequate nutrition.
Nursing Management:
The nurse offers support when patient feel pain and
discomfort. The nurse reinforce the need to perform oral care
and support a positive self image.Verbal communication
may be impaired so a communication board with commonly
used words and pictures is obtained.
Cont….
