SAFE Webinar I: Overview of Terminology, Cross-cutting Issues, Challenges and Coordination
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More than a third of the world's population relies on traditional fuels — wood, coal, animal dung, and agricultural waste — for their energy needs, including cooking their meals, heating their homes, and lighting their communities. The challenges they face in accessing clean energy are numerous, often dangerous and unsustainable, particularly during complex emergencies and protracted crises. Safe and sustainable access to energy is being increasingly recognized as a human right — essential for the safety, well-being, and productivity of the people the humanitarian community serves. It is also essential for social and economic development, offering opportunities for improved lives and economic progress. The series of webinars will present how Safe Access to Fuel and Energy (SAFE) and similar initiatives address this multi-sectoral issue by working to ensure access to fuel and energy for cooking, heating, lighting, and powering for crisis-affected populations. The events will also highlight the synergies and multi-stakeholder approach of these initiatives by inviting key partners to present their role and experience in addressing energy access in emergencies and protracted crises. The first SAFE webinar will present key concepts and terms related to energy in emergencies and protracted crises, the multi-sectoral risks and challenges associated with the collection and use of traditional biomass fuels and how organizations are coordinating and working together to build resilience by responding to the energy needs of affected populations. The webinar covers: • The linkages between energy and food security, nutrition, environment, gender, women’s protection, health and livelihoods as well as other aspects; • The research and pilot projects implemented through the Moving Energy Initiative led by Chatham House and DFID to help ensure safe and sustainable energy access for displaced populations; • The inter-agency Safe Access to Fuel and Energy (SAFE) Humanitarian Working Group and the Set4Food project which bring various stakeholders together in order to raise awareness, establish knowledge-sharing platforms, address energy-related challenges and identify solutions in emergencies and protracted crises.
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SAFE Webinar I: Overview of Terminology, Cross-cutting Issues, Challenges and Coordination
- 1. KORE - Knowledge Sharing Platform on Resilience KORE@fao.org
- 2. INFORMED INFORMATION FOR NUTRITION FOOD SECURITY AND RESILIENCE FOR DECISION MAKING
- 4. SAFE Webinar I: Overview of Terminology, Cross-cutting Issues, Challenges and Coordination Tuesday, 5 September 2017 Moderator: Andreas Thulstrup Natural Resources Officer, FAO
- 5. Bringing Energy Access to Crisis- Affected People: Challenges & Needs 5 September 2017 Speaker I: Kathleen Callaghy Program Associate, Humanitarian Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves
- 6. The Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves A public-private partnership to: • Save Lives • Improve Livelihoods • Empower Women • Protect the Environment By creating a thriving global market for clean and efficient household cooking solutions Goal: 100 Million Households Adopt Clean And Efficient Cookstoves & Fuels By 2020 cleancookstoves.org
- 7. The Problem AFP / VNA, Somali Refugees © IRC, Syria © AP/Niranjan Shrestha, Nepal OVER 125 MILLION PEOPLE ARE IN NEED OF AID. FEW HAVE ACCESS TO ENERGY. © B. Bannon/UNHCR Kenya 2011
- 8. The Risks Protection Livelihoods EnvironmentHealth © UNHCR J. Ose Ethiopia 2012 © UNHCR M. Sibiloni DRC 2012 © FAO 2016 Kenya © Alliance 2016 Rwanda
- 9. Energy Lacks A Formal Role
- 10. Energy & Aid: The Status Quo Free Distribution w/o training Products are sold or traded Sunk costs Leaving people behind Market distortion Short term financing Many pilots, no scaling Uneven response Communal tensions Limited capacity & knowledge Poor quality products & delivery No lessons learned Uncoordinated response Duplication No long term strategy
- 11. SAFE Humanitarian Working Group “Facilitate a more coordinated, predictable, timely, and effective response to the fuel and energy needs of crisis-affected populations.” www.safefuelandenergy.org
- 12. SAFE Humanitarian Working Group Strategy Coordination Research Technical support Capacity- building Advocacy Resource Mobilization Proof of concept Awareness of need Increased political will Increased donor & investor interest Effective aid Reduced duplication Increased knowledge & expertise Informed planning
- 14. What can you do? • Incorporate energy into needs assessments • Attend SAFE workshops and use existing SAFE resources to build and share knowledge (e.g. EnergyCoP) • Advocate the need for energy strategy and funding to senior managers and colleagues Humanitarian Staff • Emphasize energy access in funding mechanisms and humanitarian policies Policymakers & Donors • Work with Humanitarian partners to address specific needs and challenges (e.g. affordability, behavior change, supply chains Private Sector • Synthesize existing studies & data to identify gaps • Support rigorous monitoring and evaluation of existing humanitarian energy access projects Researchers
- 15. Thank you! Kathleen Callaghy Program Associate, Humanitarian kcallaghy@cleancookstoves.org www.cleancookstoves.org www.safefuelandenergy.org © UN/Sophia Paris
- 16. The Moving Energy Initiative Tuesday, 5 September 2017 Speaker II: Owen Grafham Project Manager, Environment, Energy and Resources, Chatham House
- 17. Intro
- 18. The Problem
- 19. Energy use by displaced households Many displaced people do not have access to enough energy to cover their basic needs. Coping strategies include: Undercooking meals Skipping meals Selling food rations to buy cooking fuel 80 per cent of the 8.7 million refugees in camps have absolutely minimal access to energy, with a high dependence on traditional biomass for cooking and no access to electricity.
- 20. Fuel use by type for displaced households of concern to UNHCR, 2014 (tooe)
- 21. Beyond financial costs Sexual and gender-based assaults Fire hazards Water contamination Exposure to cold weather Indoor air pollution Poisoning Deforestation
- 22. What are we doing?
- 23. Structure of our work • Disseminate research • Build the case for changeRaising the issue • Provide tools for policymakers & managers • Explore appropriate funding for energy interventions • Create blueprints for access and efficiency at target sites Creating the tools and enabling mechanisms • Test energy infrastructure management contract • Implement low carbon projects and market development activities • Create markets for non wood based fuels Demonstrating new approaches on the ground
- 24. Low Carbon Projects MEI released a call for proposals for Low Carbon Projects; Received over 100 applications in 3 countries, mainly from private sector MEI will fund projects up to 200,000 GBP in each country
- 25. Market Development Activities Implementing market development activities at sites in three countries; Promote solutions that are more cost- effective and sustainable, Create income generating opportunities Promote a sense of choice and ownership
- 26. Catalysing Further Change Research and demonstration projects through MEI aim to help other stakeholders better prioritize, manage and implement energy interventions so that displaced people have better access to energy.
- 27. Thank you #MovingEnergy For more information please sign up for our bi-monthly newsletter – just email Owen Grafham: ografham@chathamhouse.org
- 28. Annex 1: What are the Challenges to Cleaner, Safer, Sustainable Energy Delivery? Global/Institutional Challenges: No institutional home for energy Data and evidence collection Short-term approach to long-term problem Procurement Problems of scale National challenges: Translating policy into practice Duration of stay Legal arrangements Local challenges: Social acceptability Instability and security Geographical location and climate
- 29. Annex 2: What is the Basis for New Approaches? Many agencies are changing their approach to energy. New partnerships between humanitarian actors, government and private donors. Lessons learnt on scaling up sustainable energy access: These include the need to: Understand the use of energy and its value to displaced people. Understand what works. Encourage local participation and market development
- 30. Annex 3: How energy investments can help reduce pressures for a refugee-hosting country Supply Demand Large-scale infrastructure National legacy investments Dual use and community applications Refugee targeted assistance Grid upgrading power and water plant efficiency; distribution netwo upgrade New desalination plants, water treatment & power plants Repairing parts of water distribution network; major buildings retrofitting; Renewable power plants; treatment systems Solar applications for homes and buildings (panels, SWHs); affordable green new homes Retrofitting community buildings; restoring wells/pumps; Mobile RE applications for camps/minigrids; more durable energy efficient shelter Improved insulation; efficient equipment provision; specific service solutions
- 31. The SET4food project and the ENERGYCoP 5 September 2017 Speaker III: Cristina Sonzogni SET4food Coordinator
- 32. Contents of the presentation Set4foodbackground Energyaccess in humanitarian settlements Humanitarian response Set4food project: phase 1 Overview Main activities Main outputs Set4food project: phase 2 Overview Main activities Main outputs The ENERGYCoP platform Description Why is it valuable
- 33. SET4food background Energy access worldwide According to the International Energy Agency, in 2016: 16% of the world population had no access to electricity. 38% of the global population relied on traditional biomass and cooked over rudimentary open fires without clean cook facilities. Energy access in refugees settlements Refugees usually rely on traditional energy sources such as biomass or kerosene for cooking and lighting, which are mostly used in an unsafe, unhealthy and inefficient way. Food security and energy nexus Food access and consumption directly depend on energy availability Humanitarian response Humanitarian actors do not have well-organized technical tools or guidelines to assess the peculiar conditions in camps or informal settlements and to identify and deliver efficient energy technologies.
- 34. When 1 June 2014 – 31 December 2015 Objective To enhance the response capacity of humanitarian actors in identifying and implementing efficient and sustainable energy technologies for food utilization Who Donor The European Union Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (ECHO) through the Humanitarian Implementation Plan (HIP) Enhanced Response Capacities Project phase 1 - Sustainable energy technologies for food utilization
- 35. Project phase 1 - Sustainable energy technologies for food utilization Main activities Practical tools were developed to support the design and field implementation of energy-related solutions for food utilization in humanitarian contexts; Training and dissemination activities were implemented to sensitize and promote capacity building among humanitarian actors; Pilot projects were realized to test the mentioned energy solutions in five sectors: Technologies for food preservation Technologies for water treatment Technologies for power generation Technologies for cooking Technologies for water pumping
- 36. Main outputs SET4food website: www.set4food.org Youtube channel E-learning tools Decision Support System software and handbook Guidelines on sustainable energy technologies for food utilization Pilot projects in 4 countries for testing technologies HAITI CAR LEBANON SOMALIA Project phase 1 - Sustainable energy technologies for food utilization
- 37. When 1 May 2016 – 30 April 2018 Objective To capitalize the outputs of phase 1 and enhance efficient collaboration and synergies among humanitarian actors in energy sector Who Donor The European Union Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (ECHO) through the Humanitarian Implementation Plan (HIP) Enhanced Response Capacities Project phase 2 - Sustainable energy technologies for food security
- 38. Main activities Training and awareness Training of the most active humanitarian actors as “Innovation Brokers for Energy” (IBEs) Development of “M&E procedures” and “Impact Evaluation Framework” to complete the “package of tools” started in phase 1 Knowledge sharing and coordination Creation of ENERGYCoP, a platform for facilitating humanitarian actors to get and share information on energy-related issues Capitalization and dissemination Realization of 3 events aimed at disseminating the initiatives of the SET4food partners in addressing energy access Publication of a scientific paper and an overarching document on Set4food to highlight the multi-stakeholders approach and the coordination mechanisms in addressing energy challenges in humanitarian settlements. Project phase 2 - Sustainable energy technologies for food security
- 39. Main outputs Package of tools for energy-related field interventions SET4food tools tested on the field Scientific document published ENERGYCoP platform Project phase 2 - Sustainable energy technologies for food security
- 40. Description It was created in the framework of the SET4food phase 2, after a first period of testing it will be managed by the SAFE Humanitarian WG. It is global not-for-profit community of practice aimed to serve humanitarian professionals working in the energy sector. Its purpose is to facilitate coordination among a diverse network of stakeholders engaged in providing Safe Access to Fuel and Energy (SAFE) to crisis-affected populations. It is designed to be an interactive space with an open-knowledge approach that enables to search and insert projects, technologies, tools and resources related to energy access in humanitarian settings, share valuable materials, ask for advice, start or contribute to the discussions. It fosters information sharing and coordination, which is fundamental for improving the effectiveness of energy-related humanitarian interventions It is access free: all persons and organizations interested and involved in energy access issues are invited to join it and contribute in animating its debates. ENERGYCoP platform
- 42. It describes the SET4food project, its partners and donors It contains information on what you can find in the platform and suggestions on how to better make use of its contents ENERGYCoP platform - ABOUT
- 43. It is organized in 4 sections (projects, technologies, resources and tools, training) Within each section, documents are tagged and linked to other sections when relevant The tags facilitate the search and upload of documents (Examples of tags: relevant sector, main donor, beneficiaries, location, date, etc.) Technologies are geo-localized for a better fruition of information ENERGYCoP platform - DATABASE
- 44. It is organized in 6 sections (cooking, preservation, heating, lighting, powering, other GENERAL issues) Within each section, you can post questions, doubts or advices, ask for support from experts within the community, give advice on some topic, share your experience with other humanitarian actors, draw on others’ lessons learned to further improve your work. ENERGYCoP platform – COMMUNITY DISCUSSION
- 45. Why is it worth joining? It is an open-knowledge platform It promotes networking on energy Coordination and collaboration are pivotal for improving the effectiveness of energy humanitarian responses It is suitable also for development contexts It keeps you updated about the latest development in sustainable energy Subscription is for free The platform expands and creates values as more people join! ENERGYCoP platform
- 46. Overview of Terminology, Cross-cutting Issues, Challenges and Coordination Comments ? Questions? Please write them in the chat box
- 47. THANK YOU ! Give us your feedback Click on the link in the chat box KORE - Knowledge Sharing Platform on Resilience KORE@fao.org
- 48. Join us for our next SAFE webinar: Approaches, tools and case studies 13 September 2017 KORE - Knowledge Sharing Platform on Resilience KORE@fao.org
Editor's Notes
- Setting the scene: We are currently seeing the highest level of displacement on record. Last year, UNHCR reported that 65.3 million people were forcibly displaced from their homes as a result of persecution, conflict, generalized violence, or human rights violations. 12.4 million of these were just in 2014. The Internal Displacement Monitoring Center (Norwegian Refugee Commission) estimates that an additional 19.2 million were displaced by natural disasters, including earthquakes, floods, and drought. Most of this population rely on traditional fuels — firewood, charcoal, animal dung, and agricultural waste — for their energy needs, including cooking, heating, lighting, and powering.
- The impacts of relying on biomass for energy needs are serious and build on eachother. Health: The majority of foods provided by humanitarian agencies (i.e. dry goods like rice, beans, etc.) has to be cooked to be eaten, but cookstoves and fuel are often not provided as part of standard aid. Scarcity of may force households to switch to lower quality food, eat fewer meals, undercook food, or trade food rations for fuel. This impacts nutrition, and affects food security. Smoke pollution from indoor fires causes over 4 million deaths globally every year; MEI estimates that 20,000 of these are forcibly displaced people. Fires are also unsafe – they can cause burns and spread quickly throughout a camp if left unattended. Livelihoods The cost of fuel often absorbs large proportions of crisis-affected families’ meagre income, and the time women and children spend collecting firewood negatively affects their ability to work or attend school. On average, refugee women in sub-Saharan Africa spend 5 hours per trip, 2-3 times a week to collect firewood. This limits their ability to go to school or earn income. Firewood and charcoal sales are often the only source of income for refugees and IDPs, but these livelihoods are unsustainable, and in the long term are detrimental to opportunities for both displaced and host communities. Environment An estimated 64,700 acres of forest are burned for fuel each year by forcibly displaced families living in camps (MEI). Harvesting of firewood for cooking fuel contributes to deforestation, soil erosion, and loss of agricultural and grazing environments. All of these increases the risk of natural disasters (cyclical – more displaced people) Protection Displaced women walk for hours to find firewood and carry very heavy loads back to camp leading to risks of dehydration, physical injury, and attack. When they leave the relatively safety of the camp, they face an increased vulnerability to the risk of gender-based violence, such as rape. A 2014 UNHCR survey found over 42% of refugee households in Chad and 41% of households in Uganda had at least one member that experienced physical, verbal or sexual assault during firewood collection over a 6-month time period. Firewood collection (often illegal) exacerbates tensions between the displaced and host communities. On average they walk more than 5 hours to collect firewood to cook their food, during which they risk physical and sexual assault, while exposure to smoke from traditional stoves impacts their respiratory health. Lack of light increases protection risks and prevents children from studying at night and safely navigating communal areas.
- Clusters are groups of humanitarian organizations, both UN and non-UN, in each of the main sectors of humanitarian action, e.g. water, health and logistics. They are designated by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) and have clear responsibilities for coordination. Fuel and energy do not currently have a formal place within the UN humanitarian response system, either as a cluster or reference group. The Alliance advocates for safe access to fuel and energy (SAFE) to be incorporated into humanitarian budgets, strategies, and coordination mechanisms.
- The Moving Energy Initiative: What is it? The Problem: What have we found? What we are Doing to Help?
- Phase 1 presented the current state of energy access amongst displaced populations Building on Phase 1 research, Phase 2 implementing initiatives to address bottlenecks and demonstrate new approaches on the ground Build the evidence base and case for change for humanitarian systems to improve the provision and management of energy services to displaced people Focus on sites in Kenya, Burkina Faso and Jordan
- The costs of energy access and provision for displaced populations are unnecessarily high, whether measured in terms of finance, the environment, health or security.
- In Ugandan refugee camps about half of the households surveyed by UNHCR undercook their food more than twice a week in order to save fuel. In Ethiopia’s Dollo Ado refugee camps, 28% of households sold food rations in order to buy cooking fuel. In Chad, some 35% of households skipped meals during the previous week because they didn’t have enough fuel to cook with.
- Build the evidence base and case for change for humanitarian systems to improve the provision and management of energy services to displaced people An integrated set of eight initiatives designed to address the challenges identified in Phase 1 Phase 2 will run from June 2016 to December 2017 Plan to replicate and scale up successful interventions thereafter and encourage a shift in the approach taken in the humanitarian sector
- Response shows that the private sector are interested and willing But there is still a need to prove business models that work and also to understand how to make projects sustainable – local ownership, maintenance, a lot of investment in infrastructure that sops working Private sector still view the market as risky - hence why grant funding is still required. Want to test the effectiveness of partnerships between private sector and humanitarian actors. Project will be announced end of April Use them as demonstrators for other actors to stimulate further replication.
- Conducting further market scoping of energy product and service value chains in each location; In Kenya plan to focus on solar products, Pico solar, multi light system, PAYG small home systems and productive activities that can be stimulated by them such as phone charging business or extended business hours through access to light. In Jordan, context is different, we plan to focus on stimulating the market for energy efficient building materials to try and reduce the burden on energy resources. Retrofit homes with green materials to monitor the impact and promote findings in the market. In Goudoubou exploring how existing market actors in the clean cookstove sector in Burkina to develop a model to sustainably supply refugees of Goudoubou with cleaner cookstoves and fuels, economic opportunities through electrification of market places and agricultural processing.
- The programme will produce a series of reports to disseminate the research and lessons learnt from the program. In addition a series of toolkits will be developed to support agencies, donors and other stakeholders to make better decisions in meeting the energy needs of displaced people. Present findings and research at conferences and events to raise the profile of the issue and share knowledge in the sector. Research aims to help other stakeholders better prioritize, manage and implement energy interventions so that displaced people have better access to energy. From demonstration and market testing conducted in Phase 2 we plan to scale up and replicate activities based on the evidence we will learn.
- “In urban environments, where displaced communities often reside alongside the non-displaced (but in many ways are equally vulnerable) urban poor, and where complex, heavily monetised systems mean health, education, housing and food are deeply embedded in market systems, response efforts can no longer be “sector” or “beneficiary” centric”; Guay (2015, p. 11)