The document discusses integrating tobacco control interventions into maternal and child health programs to help achieve the UN Millennium Development Goals of reducing maternal and child mortality. Tobacco use can negatively impact maternal health through increased risk of infertility, pregnancy complications, and maternal death. It can also increase risk of poor birth outcomes like preterm birth, low birthweight, and infant death. The document outlines the prevalence of tobacco use among adults and youth globally, as well as secondhand smoke exposure. It proposes screening for tobacco use in antenatal care and providing counseling and resources to help women quit.
This document discusses approaches to reducing tobacco use and exposure among women and girls. It presents an equity-oriented framework and describes resources developed, including a women-centered cessation guidebook for providers and an international casebook on women and tobacco issues. The document outlines trends in tobacco use among various groups of women and girls globally and in Canada/Australia. It emphasizes the need for women-centered approaches that address social and structural factors contributing to inequities.
The document discusses the impact of smoking on women's health, noting that smoking is the leading preventable cause of death among women. It outlines how tobacco companies target women through marketing of female-oriented brands and flavors. The reproductive health risks of smoking during pregnancy are also summarized. The document recommends making tobacco control policies and support more gender-sensitive to help reduce smoking rates among women.
This document discusses health education methods and materials. It begins by outlining common health education methods such as lectures, group discussions, demonstrations, role-playing, and using traditional media. It then describes different types of information, education and communication (IEC) materials including printed materials like posters, flipcharts and leaflets. The document provides guidance on the content, purpose and proper use of these materials to effectively convey health messages to target audiences.
This document discusses health information systems. It notes that health information is integral to national health systems and is a basic management tool. A health information system involves collecting, processing, analyzing and transmitting health data to organize services, conduct research, and train medical professionals. The goals of such a system are to provide relevant data to health managers at all levels to assist in planning and evaluating performance. Components of an information system include demographics, health resources, service utilization statistics, and financial data. Surveillance is also discussed as an important part of monitoring health status and making decisions about service delivery.
Health education aims to inform communities about healthy practices to protect people and promote well-being. It involves changing knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors through various approaches including legal regulations, health services, and community education. Effective health education considers people's interests and needs, encourages participation, uses simple presentations, and teaches principles like hygiene, nutrition, disease prevention, and first aid. It employs various educational aids and community leaders to disseminate health information to the public.
This document reviews the effects of cigarette smoking on fertility. It discusses how cigarette smoke contains thousands of toxic compounds that can damage the reproductive system at all stages, from folliculogenesis to embryo implantation and development. Both low and high levels of nicotine dependency from smoking are associated with increased infertility risk. The negative impacts of smoking on fertility should be considered when educating health care providers given the physical, mental, social, and economic burdens of infertility.
this is my presentation for GPs & lactation specialists, house officers at Benha University hospitals
also presented to all those candidates for the Benha lactation diploma students at Benha University
this includes:
smoke content
effect of smoking on fetus& new born
effect of smoking on breast feeding
how to decrease smoking during breast feeding
interpregnancy stoppage of breast feeding
marijuana stoppage during breast feeding
CDC (centers for disease prevention and control) recommendations
ACOG recommendations
NHS recommendations
benefits of breast feeding for new born
benefits of breast feeding for mothers
This document discusses approaches to reducing tobacco use and exposure among women and girls. It presents an equity-oriented framework and describes resources developed, including a women-centered cessation guidebook for providers and an international casebook on women and tobacco issues. The document outlines trends in tobacco use among various groups of women and girls globally and in Canada/Australia. It emphasizes the need for women-centered approaches that address social and structural factors contributing to inequities.
The document discusses the impact of smoking on women's health, noting that smoking is the leading preventable cause of death among women. It outlines how tobacco companies target women through marketing of female-oriented brands and flavors. The reproductive health risks of smoking during pregnancy are also summarized. The document recommends making tobacco control policies and support more gender-sensitive to help reduce smoking rates among women.
This document discusses health education methods and materials. It begins by outlining common health education methods such as lectures, group discussions, demonstrations, role-playing, and using traditional media. It then describes different types of information, education and communication (IEC) materials including printed materials like posters, flipcharts and leaflets. The document provides guidance on the content, purpose and proper use of these materials to effectively convey health messages to target audiences.
This document discusses health information systems. It notes that health information is integral to national health systems and is a basic management tool. A health information system involves collecting, processing, analyzing and transmitting health data to organize services, conduct research, and train medical professionals. The goals of such a system are to provide relevant data to health managers at all levels to assist in planning and evaluating performance. Components of an information system include demographics, health resources, service utilization statistics, and financial data. Surveillance is also discussed as an important part of monitoring health status and making decisions about service delivery.
Health education aims to inform communities about healthy practices to protect people and promote well-being. It involves changing knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors through various approaches including legal regulations, health services, and community education. Effective health education considers people's interests and needs, encourages participation, uses simple presentations, and teaches principles like hygiene, nutrition, disease prevention, and first aid. It employs various educational aids and community leaders to disseminate health information to the public.
This document reviews the effects of cigarette smoking on fertility. It discusses how cigarette smoke contains thousands of toxic compounds that can damage the reproductive system at all stages, from folliculogenesis to embryo implantation and development. Both low and high levels of nicotine dependency from smoking are associated with increased infertility risk. The negative impacts of smoking on fertility should be considered when educating health care providers given the physical, mental, social, and economic burdens of infertility.
this is my presentation for GPs & lactation specialists, house officers at Benha University hospitals
also presented to all those candidates for the Benha lactation diploma students at Benha University
this includes:
smoke content
effect of smoking on fetus& new born
effect of smoking on breast feeding
how to decrease smoking during breast feeding
interpregnancy stoppage of breast feeding
marijuana stoppage during breast feeding
CDC (centers for disease prevention and control) recommendations
ACOG recommendations
NHS recommendations
benefits of breast feeding for new born
benefits of breast feeding for mothers
This document discusses gender mainstreaming in India's national health programs from a historical perspective. It outlines how early women's health programs from the 1950s focused narrowly on women's reproductive roles and population control rather than women's overall health and rights. While the National Rural Health Mission and other current programs now acknowledge gender, implementation has been lacking. The document calls for strengthened implementation of gender-sensitive approaches across health programs to address issues like maternal health, malaria in pregnancy, and tuberculosis from a gender perspective. It emphasizes the important role that district collectors can play in convergence between departments, ensuring reporting and reviews of maternal deaths, community monitoring, and functioning of district health structures.
This document outlines an orientation program for ANMs and LHVs to provide adolescent-friendly health services. It consists of 12 modules covering topics like adolescent growth and development, communication skills, sexual and reproductive health, nutrition, pregnancy, and mental health. The objectives are to increase knowledge and sensitivity around adolescent needs and concerns and to provide services that are responsive and respectful. Evaluation methods include a daily satisfaction meter and pre- and post-tests to measure changes in knowledge and attitudes. The goal is to better equip health workers to address the special needs of adolescent clients.
The Effects of Smoking In Pregnant WomenA Capstone Present.docxtodd701
The Effects of Smoking In Pregnant Women
A Capstone Presented in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Master of Healthcare Administration
PURDUE UNIVERSITY GLOBAL
September 4, 2018
The Effects of Smoking in Pregnant Women
Background
The following section highlights some historical and reviewed information or material on smoking during pregnancy, and some of the effects the practice has not only on the unborn children but also on the mothers. Most people associate smoking with heart disease, cancer and major health conditions that have been documented in different scholarly materials. Smoking during the period of pregnancy is attributed to additional health challenges most of which are connected with the well-being of the unborn child (Banderali et al., 2015). It has been documented that smoking cigarettes is the leading cause of preventable deaths in several parts of the country and the rest of the world. Estimated figures of smoking prevalence during pregnancy are most of the time derived from self-reported data and information.
Validation of these data and information using biochemical markers like cotinine has most of the time shown that women who are pregnant may hide their smoking especially when they understand the kind of reactions they could be exposed to. As a result, the self-reported smoking prevalence data and information during pregnancy is underestimated (Banderali et al., 2015). Since negative attitudes towards maternal smoking have been on the increasing trend over the recent past, the validity and credibility of self-reported smoking data and information may be of special attention (Banderali et al., 2015).
This literature perspective brings forth an understanding on the consequences of smoking during pregnancy from the perspective of brain functioning and how the developing fetus is likely to be affected by the common practice. Banderali et al. (2015) stress that mothers often want healthy babies full of life and with a high brain capacity. However, smoking has been illustrated to have an immediate impact on how the fetus is developed and how the capacity of the brain is affected. Environmental factors can massively modulate genetically programmed development of the brain during the fetal life, and maternal smoking is a harmful factor (Banderali et al., 2015). It is saddening that while pregnant mothers and other people in the society have widespread and detailed knowledge and information on the consequences of smoking on the development of the fetus, statistics still show that more than 20 percent of women in this category continue with the practice in several parts of the world, Europe and United States not left behind (Ekblad, Korkeila & Lehtonen, 2015).
Statistics speculate that women and first-time mothers especially those coming from low-income families are worst hit by the effects of smoking during pregnancy, as compared to the older women who have had mo.
Challenges in Expanding the Role of Health Care Providers and Delivering Trea...Global Bridges
Presentation by Jagdish Kaur, MBBS, Union Health Ministry, India, at the Global Bridges Preconference at the 15th World Conference on Tobacco OR Health in Singapore.
This document discusses smoking among pregnant women aged 18-24 years. It notes that tobacco smoking causes many deaths globally each year. For pregnant women, smoking increases risks of miscarriage, premature birth, and long-term disabilities for the baby. Several behavioral change models are examined for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy, including the health belief model, theory of reasoned action, and self-determination theory. Interventions should involve education, counseling, community support, and policies like smoking bans and taxes. Nurse play an important role in educating and motivating pregnant smokers to quit.
The Critical Importance of Health Care Worker Leadership in the Tobacco Contr...Global Bridges
Presentation by Eduardo Bianco, M.D., Framework Convention Alliance, Uruguay, at the Global Bridges Preconference at the 15th World Conference on Tobacco OR Health in Singapore.
This document provides information on vaping and tobacco harm reduction. It discusses how smoking kills over 96,000 people annually in the UK and notes that median smokers lose 10 years of life expectancy. It then examines smoking prevalence data in different areas and populations in the UK. The document discusses evidence that vaping is substantially less harmful than smoking and may help smokers quit. It notes concerns that restrictive policies could perpetuate smoking. The summary concludes by outlining a framework for risk-proportionate regulation of tobacco and nicotine products.
This document summarizes training materials for health care professionals on providing smoking cessation counseling. It discusses the goals of encouraging clinicians to counsel patients on quitting smoking and reducing secondhand smoke exposure. It also outlines the 5 A's brief counseling intervention method and reviews the health risks of smoking and secondhand smoke exposure.
10 provocations on why FDA's regulation of tobacco and nicotine is failing the American public. My presentation to the US E-cigarette Summit 2022 in Washington DC, with bonus content of additional background slides added in.
P3CE model of Public Health and behavioral risk factor.pptxBinitaKPaudel
This presentation is prepared based on New concept of Public health. There is nothing new in the new concept but new way of looking at them. Public health is organized in three main domains as thematic, core action and intervention. P3CE represent the core actions of public health professionals. Thematic domain of public health represent the subject areas where public health professionals work on whereas intervention domain is related to the strategies that public health professionals follows to conduct core actions.
This document provides an overview of smoking in India and strategies to combat it. Some key points:
- Smoking kills over 1 million Indians annually and rates are increasing. It causes many diseases and premature death.
- Peer pressure, desire to fit in, and stress/mental health issues drive youth smoking despite health education.
- Objectives include reducing youth smoking initiation and exposure, empowering communities, and promoting partnerships between NGOs and government.
- Proposed strategies involve preventing smoking through education, helping current smokers quit by increasing barriers and support, with a focus on youth, females, and high-risk groups. Budgets, media allocation, and segmentation of audiences are also discussed.
Zero tolerance refers to a strict policy against illegal drugs and related activities that does not make allowances for exceptional circumstances or positive intentions on the part of individuals. It treats all drug use as a legal issue subject to criminal penalties rather than considering it a public health issue.
The WHO FCTC provides solutions to the global tobacco epidemic through six key measures: monitor tobacco use, protect from smoke, offer help to quit, warn about dangers, ban advertising and promotions, and raise taxes. Implementation has led to rapid decreases in smoke exposure and heart attacks. Most countries have implemented some measures, though few have comprehensively adopted all six. Recent developments include new legislation in several countries. The success of the WHO FCTC depends on empowering comprehensive implementation of all effective measures.
Austin Journal of Drug Abuse and Addiction is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles in all areas of drug abuse and addiction treatment.
The renowned team of guest editors ensures a balanced, expert assessment of the articles published, with an aim to provide a forum for physicians, researchers and other healthcare professionals to find most recent advances in the areas of addiction treatment.
Austin Journal of Drug Abuse and Addiction accepts original research articles, review articles and short communication on all the aspects of drug abuse and addiction treatment for review and possible publication.
African Harm Reduction Exchange - Dec 2022Clive Bates
The science behind Tobacco Harm Reduction …and how it impacts policy development and regulation
1. Smoking is the main problem
2. Smokefree products and science
3. Policy and unintended consequences
4. Innovation (and its enemies)
This document proposes an intervention program to prevent Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) in South Africa. The program would use a dual approach: 1) counseling and treating women who are currently or plan to become pregnant about the dangers of drinking alcohol during pregnancy, and 2) educating younger women and girls to prevent FAS in future generations. Focus groups and surveys would assess knowledge and behaviors around drinking during pregnancy. An intervention including counseling high-risk women and educational sessions for schoolgirls would aim to decrease alcohol consumption during pregnancy and prevent FAS. The goal is to improve knowledge of FAS risks and lower rates of this preventable condition affecting children's health in South Africa.
perceptions of pregnant women to avoid smoking side effects revised final copyjustus kimondo
This document discusses perceptions of pregnant women regarding smoking and using electronic cigarettes. It begins with an introduction describing the harmful effects of smoking on both mother and developing baby. The purpose is then stated to discuss eight empirical studies on perceptions of pregnant mothers to avoid smoking side effects by quitting or using e-cigarettes as an alternative. Several studies are summarized that examine perceptions and beliefs of pregnant women and postpartum mothers. The studies generally found initial attraction to e-cigarettes to reduce harm, but many returned to traditional cigarettes. The document concludes nurses should educate pregnant women that e-cigarettes still pose risks and are not a safe alternative to smoking.
The document summarizes the objectives and activities of the FAR SEAS project, which aims to promote strategies to prevent fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder across EU member states. Key activities include:
- Identifying best practices in Europe for preventing alcohol-exposed pregnancies
- Developing guidelines to reduce alcohol consumption among women of child-bearing age
- Creating a training package for professionals on brief interventions
- Conducting a pilot study in Poland to test implementation of prevention strategies at the regional level
- Hosting workshops and a dissemination event to facilitate knowledge sharing on alcohol policy topics between member states.
Borland li etal effects of a fact sheet harm reduction journal2012Alexander Li
This document summarizes a study that explored how providing information in a fact sheet could help correct misperceptions about the relative harmfulness of nicotine replacement products and smokeless tobacco compared to cigarettes. The study surveyed convenience samples in 4 countries about their beliefs, provided a fact sheet explaining nicotine is less harmful than thought and why, then resurveyed them. The fact sheet increased knowledge and belief that smokeless tobacco is less harmful, but misconceptions remained. Interest in using smokeless tobacco increased in all samples, and interest in nicotine replacement products increased only in the US sample. A single fact sheet can help address misperceptions but is not enough to overcome ingrained beliefs about relative product harms.
Rb ll etal cessation assistance in 15 countriesAlexander Li
There was wide variation across 15 countries in rates of recent quit attempts by smokers, ranging from under 20% to over 50%. There was also variability in the percentage of smokers who visited healthcare professionals, ranging from under 20% to over 70%. Among those who visited professionals, the percentage who received advice to quit ranged greatly, from under 20% to over 65%. Reported use of cessation medications among recent quitters was generally higher in high-income countries than middle-income countries, ranging from over 40% to negligible. Use of behavioral supports like quitlines was typically lower than medication use.
More Related Content
Similar to S31 1 integrating tobacco control and maternal and child health to achieve the united nations millennium development goals- edouard tursan d'espaignet
This document discusses gender mainstreaming in India's national health programs from a historical perspective. It outlines how early women's health programs from the 1950s focused narrowly on women's reproductive roles and population control rather than women's overall health and rights. While the National Rural Health Mission and other current programs now acknowledge gender, implementation has been lacking. The document calls for strengthened implementation of gender-sensitive approaches across health programs to address issues like maternal health, malaria in pregnancy, and tuberculosis from a gender perspective. It emphasizes the important role that district collectors can play in convergence between departments, ensuring reporting and reviews of maternal deaths, community monitoring, and functioning of district health structures.
This document outlines an orientation program for ANMs and LHVs to provide adolescent-friendly health services. It consists of 12 modules covering topics like adolescent growth and development, communication skills, sexual and reproductive health, nutrition, pregnancy, and mental health. The objectives are to increase knowledge and sensitivity around adolescent needs and concerns and to provide services that are responsive and respectful. Evaluation methods include a daily satisfaction meter and pre- and post-tests to measure changes in knowledge and attitudes. The goal is to better equip health workers to address the special needs of adolescent clients.
The Effects of Smoking In Pregnant WomenA Capstone Present.docxtodd701
The Effects of Smoking In Pregnant Women
A Capstone Presented in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Master of Healthcare Administration
PURDUE UNIVERSITY GLOBAL
September 4, 2018
The Effects of Smoking in Pregnant Women
Background
The following section highlights some historical and reviewed information or material on smoking during pregnancy, and some of the effects the practice has not only on the unborn children but also on the mothers. Most people associate smoking with heart disease, cancer and major health conditions that have been documented in different scholarly materials. Smoking during the period of pregnancy is attributed to additional health challenges most of which are connected with the well-being of the unborn child (Banderali et al., 2015). It has been documented that smoking cigarettes is the leading cause of preventable deaths in several parts of the country and the rest of the world. Estimated figures of smoking prevalence during pregnancy are most of the time derived from self-reported data and information.
Validation of these data and information using biochemical markers like cotinine has most of the time shown that women who are pregnant may hide their smoking especially when they understand the kind of reactions they could be exposed to. As a result, the self-reported smoking prevalence data and information during pregnancy is underestimated (Banderali et al., 2015). Since negative attitudes towards maternal smoking have been on the increasing trend over the recent past, the validity and credibility of self-reported smoking data and information may be of special attention (Banderali et al., 2015).
This literature perspective brings forth an understanding on the consequences of smoking during pregnancy from the perspective of brain functioning and how the developing fetus is likely to be affected by the common practice. Banderali et al. (2015) stress that mothers often want healthy babies full of life and with a high brain capacity. However, smoking has been illustrated to have an immediate impact on how the fetus is developed and how the capacity of the brain is affected. Environmental factors can massively modulate genetically programmed development of the brain during the fetal life, and maternal smoking is a harmful factor (Banderali et al., 2015). It is saddening that while pregnant mothers and other people in the society have widespread and detailed knowledge and information on the consequences of smoking on the development of the fetus, statistics still show that more than 20 percent of women in this category continue with the practice in several parts of the world, Europe and United States not left behind (Ekblad, Korkeila & Lehtonen, 2015).
Statistics speculate that women and first-time mothers especially those coming from low-income families are worst hit by the effects of smoking during pregnancy, as compared to the older women who have had mo.
Challenges in Expanding the Role of Health Care Providers and Delivering Trea...Global Bridges
Presentation by Jagdish Kaur, MBBS, Union Health Ministry, India, at the Global Bridges Preconference at the 15th World Conference on Tobacco OR Health in Singapore.
This document discusses smoking among pregnant women aged 18-24 years. It notes that tobacco smoking causes many deaths globally each year. For pregnant women, smoking increases risks of miscarriage, premature birth, and long-term disabilities for the baby. Several behavioral change models are examined for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy, including the health belief model, theory of reasoned action, and self-determination theory. Interventions should involve education, counseling, community support, and policies like smoking bans and taxes. Nurse play an important role in educating and motivating pregnant smokers to quit.
The Critical Importance of Health Care Worker Leadership in the Tobacco Contr...Global Bridges
Presentation by Eduardo Bianco, M.D., Framework Convention Alliance, Uruguay, at the Global Bridges Preconference at the 15th World Conference on Tobacco OR Health in Singapore.
This document provides information on vaping and tobacco harm reduction. It discusses how smoking kills over 96,000 people annually in the UK and notes that median smokers lose 10 years of life expectancy. It then examines smoking prevalence data in different areas and populations in the UK. The document discusses evidence that vaping is substantially less harmful than smoking and may help smokers quit. It notes concerns that restrictive policies could perpetuate smoking. The summary concludes by outlining a framework for risk-proportionate regulation of tobacco and nicotine products.
This document summarizes training materials for health care professionals on providing smoking cessation counseling. It discusses the goals of encouraging clinicians to counsel patients on quitting smoking and reducing secondhand smoke exposure. It also outlines the 5 A's brief counseling intervention method and reviews the health risks of smoking and secondhand smoke exposure.
10 provocations on why FDA's regulation of tobacco and nicotine is failing the American public. My presentation to the US E-cigarette Summit 2022 in Washington DC, with bonus content of additional background slides added in.
P3CE model of Public Health and behavioral risk factor.pptxBinitaKPaudel
This presentation is prepared based on New concept of Public health. There is nothing new in the new concept but new way of looking at them. Public health is organized in three main domains as thematic, core action and intervention. P3CE represent the core actions of public health professionals. Thematic domain of public health represent the subject areas where public health professionals work on whereas intervention domain is related to the strategies that public health professionals follows to conduct core actions.
This document provides an overview of smoking in India and strategies to combat it. Some key points:
- Smoking kills over 1 million Indians annually and rates are increasing. It causes many diseases and premature death.
- Peer pressure, desire to fit in, and stress/mental health issues drive youth smoking despite health education.
- Objectives include reducing youth smoking initiation and exposure, empowering communities, and promoting partnerships between NGOs and government.
- Proposed strategies involve preventing smoking through education, helping current smokers quit by increasing barriers and support, with a focus on youth, females, and high-risk groups. Budgets, media allocation, and segmentation of audiences are also discussed.
Zero tolerance refers to a strict policy against illegal drugs and related activities that does not make allowances for exceptional circumstances or positive intentions on the part of individuals. It treats all drug use as a legal issue subject to criminal penalties rather than considering it a public health issue.
The WHO FCTC provides solutions to the global tobacco epidemic through six key measures: monitor tobacco use, protect from smoke, offer help to quit, warn about dangers, ban advertising and promotions, and raise taxes. Implementation has led to rapid decreases in smoke exposure and heart attacks. Most countries have implemented some measures, though few have comprehensively adopted all six. Recent developments include new legislation in several countries. The success of the WHO FCTC depends on empowering comprehensive implementation of all effective measures.
Austin Journal of Drug Abuse and Addiction is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles in all areas of drug abuse and addiction treatment.
The renowned team of guest editors ensures a balanced, expert assessment of the articles published, with an aim to provide a forum for physicians, researchers and other healthcare professionals to find most recent advances in the areas of addiction treatment.
Austin Journal of Drug Abuse and Addiction accepts original research articles, review articles and short communication on all the aspects of drug abuse and addiction treatment for review and possible publication.
African Harm Reduction Exchange - Dec 2022Clive Bates
The science behind Tobacco Harm Reduction …and how it impacts policy development and regulation
1. Smoking is the main problem
2. Smokefree products and science
3. Policy and unintended consequences
4. Innovation (and its enemies)
This document proposes an intervention program to prevent Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) in South Africa. The program would use a dual approach: 1) counseling and treating women who are currently or plan to become pregnant about the dangers of drinking alcohol during pregnancy, and 2) educating younger women and girls to prevent FAS in future generations. Focus groups and surveys would assess knowledge and behaviors around drinking during pregnancy. An intervention including counseling high-risk women and educational sessions for schoolgirls would aim to decrease alcohol consumption during pregnancy and prevent FAS. The goal is to improve knowledge of FAS risks and lower rates of this preventable condition affecting children's health in South Africa.
perceptions of pregnant women to avoid smoking side effects revised final copyjustus kimondo
This document discusses perceptions of pregnant women regarding smoking and using electronic cigarettes. It begins with an introduction describing the harmful effects of smoking on both mother and developing baby. The purpose is then stated to discuss eight empirical studies on perceptions of pregnant mothers to avoid smoking side effects by quitting or using e-cigarettes as an alternative. Several studies are summarized that examine perceptions and beliefs of pregnant women and postpartum mothers. The studies generally found initial attraction to e-cigarettes to reduce harm, but many returned to traditional cigarettes. The document concludes nurses should educate pregnant women that e-cigarettes still pose risks and are not a safe alternative to smoking.
The document summarizes the objectives and activities of the FAR SEAS project, which aims to promote strategies to prevent fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder across EU member states. Key activities include:
- Identifying best practices in Europe for preventing alcohol-exposed pregnancies
- Developing guidelines to reduce alcohol consumption among women of child-bearing age
- Creating a training package for professionals on brief interventions
- Conducting a pilot study in Poland to test implementation of prevention strategies at the regional level
- Hosting workshops and a dissemination event to facilitate knowledge sharing on alcohol policy topics between member states.
Similar to S31 1 integrating tobacco control and maternal and child health to achieve the united nations millennium development goals- edouard tursan d'espaignet (20)
Borland li etal effects of a fact sheet harm reduction journal2012Alexander Li
This document summarizes a study that explored how providing information in a fact sheet could help correct misperceptions about the relative harmfulness of nicotine replacement products and smokeless tobacco compared to cigarettes. The study surveyed convenience samples in 4 countries about their beliefs, provided a fact sheet explaining nicotine is less harmful than thought and why, then resurveyed them. The fact sheet increased knowledge and belief that smokeless tobacco is less harmful, but misconceptions remained. Interest in using smokeless tobacco increased in all samples, and interest in nicotine replacement products increased only in the US sample. A single fact sheet can help address misperceptions but is not enough to overcome ingrained beliefs about relative product harms.
Rb ll etal cessation assistance in 15 countriesAlexander Li
There was wide variation across 15 countries in rates of recent quit attempts by smokers, ranging from under 20% to over 50%. There was also variability in the percentage of smokers who visited healthcare professionals, ranging from under 20% to over 70%. Among those who visited professionals, the percentage who received advice to quit ranged greatly, from under 20% to over 65%. Reported use of cessation medications among recent quitters was generally higher in high-income countries than middle-income countries, ranging from over 40% to negligible. Use of behavioral supports like quitlines was typically lower than medication use.
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This study examined the association between exposure to point-of-sale anti-smoking warnings and smokers' interest in quitting and quit attempts. It analyzed data from 2002-2008 from over 21,000 smokers in Australia, Canada, the UK, and the US. It found that Australian smokers reported higher awareness of POS warnings compared to the other countries. In Australia, exposure to POS warnings was significantly associated with greater interest in quitting and more prospective quit attempts, after controlling for other factors. This association was not found in the other countries where POS warnings were less prominent. The results suggest that prominent POS warnings can prompt quitting behavior in smokers.
Kasza li etal the effectiveness of tobacco marketing regulations int j enviro...Alexander Li
This document summarizes a study that examined the effectiveness of tobacco marketing regulations in reducing smokers' awareness of tobacco advertising and promotions in 4 countries between 2002-2008. The study found:
1) Tobacco marketing regulations were associated with significant reductions in reported awareness of tobacco marketing, especially immediately after regulations were implemented.
2) Reductions in awareness were generally consistent across socioeconomic groups, though some exceptions were noted.
3) While regulations reduced awareness through many channels, some gaps remain - particularly for in-store marketing and price promotions. More regulation is still needed in some countries and channels.
The acceptibility of nicotine products two pilot studiesAlexander Li
This document summarizes two pilot studies that explored smokers' acceptability of using nicotine-containing products as alternatives to cigarettes. The studies found that nicotine lozenges were the most popular products tested. A significant minority preferred smokeless tobacco products. Use of the alternative products stimulated interest in quitting smoking for many participants. While some failed to use all the products provided, most were interested in future use, primarily to help quit rather than as long-term substitutes. The studies indicate an untapped interest in using less harmful substitutes to reduce harm from smoking.
Li et al china predictors of quitting paper published versionAlexander Li
This research report examines predictors of quitting behaviors among adult smokers in six cities in China using data from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) China Survey. The study followed 4732 smokers surveyed in 2006, with 3863 respondents re-contacted in 2007. The study found that 25.3% of smokers reported making a quit attempt in the follow-up period, with 21.7% of those still abstaining from smoking. Independent predictors of making a quit attempt included higher quitting self-efficacy, previous quit attempts, stronger immediate quitting intentions, longer time to first cigarette upon waking, negative opinions of smoking, and smoking restrictions at home. Independent predictors of staying quit included older age, longer previous abstinence
Liu rl et al second hand smoke in restaurants and barsAlexander Li
This study measured levels of particulate matter (PM2.5) in 404 restaurants and bars across 5 cities in China to assess exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS). They found that venues where smoking was observed had significantly higher indoor PM2.5 levels (geometric mean of 208 μg/m3) than venues without smoking (99 μg/m3). Indoor PM2.5 levels were positively correlated with both outdoor PM2.5 levels and the density of active smokers. The results document high levels of SHS in hospitality venues in China and highlight the need for comprehensive smoke-free laws to protect the public, as called for in the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
Beliefs about the relative harm of light and low tar cigs itc chinaAlexander Li
This document discusses beliefs about "light" and "low tar" cigarettes among smokers in China. It finds that half of Chinese smokers surveyed had tried such cigarettes and the majority (71%) believed they are less harmful than regular cigarettes. The strongest predictor of this belief was that light/low tar cigarettes feel smoother on the respiratory system. However, evidence shows light/low tar cigarettes are no less harmful. The marketing of these cigarettes in China has been less common than in Western nations but tar levels are listed on packs. Misperceptions about reduced harm need addressing through tobacco control policies.
Factors associated with intentions to quit itc chinaAlexander Li
This document summarizes a study that examined factors associated with intentions to quit smoking among adult smokers in six Chinese cities. The study found that past quit attempts, duration of past attempts, level of nicotine dependence, beliefs about the outcomes of quitting, worry about future health effects, and overall opinion of smoking were independently associated with intentions to quit. Demographic characteristics were not associated with quit intentions. The determinants of quit intentions among Chinese smokers are similar to those found in Western countries, despite lower interest in quitting smoking among Chinese smokers overall.
Predictors of smoking cessation in malaysia and thailandAlexander Li
This study examined predictors of smoking cessation among adult smokers in Malaysia and Thailand using longitudinal data from the International Tobacco Control Southeast Asia Survey. The study found that more Thai than Malaysian smokers reported making quit attempts between survey waves. Multivariate analyses showed that smoking fewer cigarettes per day, higher levels of self-efficacy, and more immediate quitting intentions predicted both making a quit attempt and staying quit in both countries. Previous shorter quit attempts and higher health concerns predicted making an attempt, while prior abstinence and older age predicted maintenance of cessation. Predictors of quitting in Malaysia and Thailand appear similar to those in Western countries but differ in potentially important ways.
The australian quit coach published versionAlexander Li
The document compares users of the QuitCoach, an online smoking cessation program, to smokers in general and users of telephone quitlines. It finds that QuitCoach users are more likely to be female, younger, and have higher daily cigarette consumption than average smokers. QuitCoach users are also younger than quitline users, though less likely to be under 20. Half of QuitCoach users access it after setting a quit date. Usage increases during periods of anti-smoking advertising campaigns. The study concludes the QuitCoach successfully targets moderately addicted smokers but more promotion is needed to increase awareness and usage.
Tobacco advertising in china compared to thailand australia usaAlexander Li
1) The study compared awareness of tobacco advertising and promotion among smokers in China, Thailand, Australia, and the US - countries with different tobacco control policies.
2) In China, over a third of smokers reported noticing tobacco advertisements on television, billboards, and in stores - the highest levels of any country. A quarter noticed tobacco sponsorships.
3) Overall awareness of tobacco marketing was significantly higher in China than in Thailand and Australia, but lower than in the US, indicating a gap between China and countries with stronger tobacco control policies.
4) China needs to do more to restrict tobacco promotion, including enhancing policies and enforcement, to reduce high levels of marketing awareness among smokers.
The document summarizes research conducted in Australia to determine the optimal design of plain cigarette packaging, including selecting a drab color, font style and size for the brand name, and expanding the size and placement of graphic health warnings. Through a series of online and in-person studies, researchers identified "Dark Olive" as the best color and a 75% non-split graphic health warning as providing the greatest impact.
S25 2 how do we measure secondhand smoke- erika avila-tangAlexander Li
This document summarizes approaches for measuring secondhand smoke exposure. It discusses questionnaires, biological samples like cotinine and NNAL, and environmental samples like air nicotine and particulate matter. Questionnaires are commonly used but need accuracy testing. Biological samples indicate recent or long-term exposure but have limitations. Air nicotine and particulate matter monitors provide objective measures but have costs. The best approach depends on the study objectives, subjects, and resources. Further research is still needed to improve exposure assessment methods.
S32 6 movies are products - stanton glantzAlexander Li
Stanton A. Glantz is a professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. He holds a PhD and teaches medicine at UC San Francisco. The document provides biographical information about Stanton A. Glantz and his role as a professor of medicine at UC San Francisco.
S31 1 integrating tobacco control and maternal and child health to achieve th...Alexander Li
The document discusses integrating tobacco control interventions into maternal and child health programs to help achieve the UN Millennium Development Goals of reducing maternal and child mortality. Tobacco use can negatively impact maternal health through increased risk of infertility, pregnancy complications, and maternal death. It can also increase risk of poor birth outcomes like preterm birth, low birthweight, and infant death. The document outlines the prevalence of tobacco use among adults and youth globally, as well as secondhand smoke exposure. It proposes screening for tobacco use in antenatal care and providing counseling and resources to help women quit.
S26 5 smoking, standard of living, and poverty in china- hu teh-weiAlexander Li
1) Smoking reduces household disposable income which can decrease standards of living through lower expenditures on food, housing, clothing, and education. This may lead to impoverishment.
2) A study of Chinese households found that smoking households spent 8-10% of their budgets on cigarettes instead of other necessities, with poorer households spending a larger share.
3) The study estimated that an additional yuan or pack of cigarettes per month reduced total non-tobacco expenditures by around 2-5 yuan, mostly impacting spending on food, housing, and clothing.
Hp1 1 the tobacco altas 10th anniversay Alexander Li
The document summarizes a presentation about the 10th anniversary of the Tobacco Atlas. It discusses the global tobacco epidemic from public health, economic, and political perspectives. Some key points include that tobacco causes over 6 million deaths per year, with over 80% of deaths occurring in low and middle income countries. It also discusses trends in tobacco consumption, production, and control policies around the world. The Tobacco Atlas is presented as a tool to empower advocates and inspire policymakers to take action against the tobacco epidemic.
S22 1 hazards of smoking and the benefits of stopping- sir richard petoAlexander Li
The document summarizes research on the hazards of smoking and benefits of stopping smoking. It finds that smokers have about half the risk of death compared to non-smokers if they stop by age 40. The Million Women Study found current smokers have over 3 times the mortality rate of never smokers. Ex-smokers who quit by age 35-44 had mortality rates similar to never smokers. Without changes, tobacco could cause over 1 billion deaths worldwide in the 21st century, emphasizing the importance of smoking cessation.
This document discusses mortality attributable to tobacco use globally. Some key points:
- In 2004, about 5 million adults died from direct tobacco use, accounting for 12% of all deaths among those aged 30+.
- Tobacco use caused 14% of non-communicable disease deaths and 5% of communicable disease deaths.
- 71% of lung cancer deaths were attributable to tobacco. Tobacco caused 10% of cardiovascular deaths and 36% of COPD deaths.
- If effective measures are not taken, tobacco could kill over 1 billion people in the 21st century. The burden is shifting to developing countries, where 7 of 10 tobacco deaths are projected by 2030.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
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Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
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Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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S31 1 integrating tobacco control and maternal and child health to achieve the united nations millennium development goals- edouard tursan d'espaignet
1. Integrating tobacco control and
maternal and child health to
achieve the UN Millennium
Development Goals
1| MDGs, Tobacco and MCH | April 26, 2012
2. Presentation Outline
Connection of tobacco and MDGs
Impact of tobacco use on maternal health
– Fecundity and fertility, impact of co-morbidities related to tobacco
Impact of tobacco use on child health
– Preterm, LBW, IUGR, congenital malformations, SIDS, URI, Asthma
Tobacco use among adults and youth (prevalence)
– Smoking and smokeless
– SHS exposure and gender disparities
Interventions based around Life cycle approach
WHO guidelines for management of tobacco use and SHS during
pregnancy
2| MDGs, Tobacco and MCH | April 26, 2012
3. UN Millennium Development Goals
Promote
Eradicate Combat Ensure
Achieve gender
extreme Reduce Improve HIV/AIDS, environ-
universal equality
poverty child maternal malaria mental
primary and
and mortality health and other sustain-
education empower
hunger diseases ability
women
3| MDGs, Tobacco and MCH | April 26, 2012
4. Improve Reduce child
maternal mortality
health
4| MDGs, Tobacco and MCH | April 26, 2012
5. MCH and Tobacco targets
Maternal health: To reduce by three quarters the
maternal mortality ratio between 1990 and 2015
Child mortality: To reduce by two thirds the infant
and under-five mortality between 1990 and 2015
NCD HLM proposed global tobacco target: 40%
relative reduction in current tobacco smoking by
2025
5| MDGs, Tobacco and MCH | April 26, 2012
6. Impact of Tobacco on Maternal and Child
health
Maternal Outcomes Neonatal & Infant outcomes
Smoking in the Infertility Preterm birth
preconception period and Spontaneous abortion Low birth weight
during pregnancy Ectopic pregnancy Congenital malformations
Placenta previa Sudden Infant Death
Placental abruption Syndrome
Premature rupture of
membranes
Using smokeless tobacco in Pre-eclampsia Stillbirth
the preconception and Preterm birth
during pregnancy Low birth weight
Exposure to second hand Respiratory problems Stillbirth
smoke during the Lower birth weight
preconception period and
pregnancy
6| MDGs, Tobacco and MCH | April 26, 2012
7. Advertising and Promoting targeting
women and girls
Tobacco industry spends billions of dollars worldwide
each year on advertising, promotion and sponsorship.
In the last 2 years, the industry has launched its most
aggressive marketing campaigns aimed at women and
girls in over a decade
7| MDGs, Tobacco and MCH | April 26, 2012
8. October 2008: Purse packs -- small, rectangular cigarette
packs that come in mauve or teal and contain superslim
cigarettes.
9. Designed to look like popular clutch-style purses with pop-up
purse packs inside and coupons for over $5 off.
12. Prevalence of current cigarette smoking
among 13-15 year olds
Source: Global Youth Tobacco Survey, 2000- 2007
12 | MDGs, Tobacco and MCH | April 26, 2012
13. Prevalence of current use of smokeless and
other tobacco products among 13-15 year olds
Source: Global Youth Tobacco Survey, 2000- 2007
13 | MDGs, Tobacco and MCH | April 26, 2012
14. Prevalence of adult tobacco smoking
Source: Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2008–2010
14 | MDGs, Tobacco and MCH | April 26, 2012
15. Proportion of non-smoking adults exposed to
secondhand smoke, by WHO region - 2010
15 | MDGs, Tobacco and MCH | April 26, 2012
16. Prevalence of SHS exposure at home and
public places - 13-15 year olds
Source: Global Youth Tobacco Survey, 2000- 2007
16 | MDGs, Tobacco and MCH | April 26, 2012
18. Proposed action by WHO:
Development of guidelines for management
of tobacco use and second hand smoke
during pregnancy
19. Effective interventions and their delivery mechanisms
Tobacco use Health interventions Existing delivery
mechanisms
Tobacco use (smoking Screening of women and girls for tobacco Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities
and smokeless) by use (smoking and smokeless tobacco) at all and existing health care systems
women clinical visits
Brief tobacco cessation advice
Referral to intensive behavioural counseling
services
Pharmacotherapy including Nicotine
Replacement Therapy (NRT) if available
19 | MDGs, Tobacco and MCH | April 26, 2012
20. Effective interventions and their delivery mechanisms
Exposure to SHS Health interventions Existing delivery
mechanisms
Exposure to second hand Screening for tobacco use (smoking tobacco) Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities
smoke at all clinical visits, both men and women and existing health care systems
Provide information of dangers of second
hand smoking and its harmful effects on the
pregnant woman, unborn child and other
family members
Brief tobacco cessation advice for the
partners/husbands and others who smoke
Referral to intensive behavioral counseling
services
Pharmacotherapy including Nicotine
Replacement Therapy (NRT) if available for
the partners/husbands who smoke
20 | MDGs, Tobacco and MCH | April 26, 2012
22. 100
0
20
40
60
80
Cape Verde
22 |
Botswana
Czech Republic
Democratic People's
Dominican Republic
Jordan
Maldives
Republic of Moldova
Jamaica
Peru
Liberia
Colombia
Turkmenistan
Honduras
Kyrgyzstan
Indonesia
Burundi
Paraguay
Uzbekistan
Brazil
Lebanon
Romania
Congo
Georgia
Thailand
South Africa
Zambia
Nicaragua
Zimbabwe
MDGs, Tobacco and MCH | April 26, 2012
El Salvador
Armenia
Lesotho
Kazakhstan
Philippines
Ghana
Namibia
Sierra Leone
Italy
Myanmar
Gabon
Tunisia
United Republic of
Benin
Bahrain
Cameroon
Egypt
United Arab Emirates
Bolivia
Ecuador
Malawi
Source: WHOSIS, 29 Sep 2009
Haiti
Turkey
Mozambique
Comoros
Kenya
India
Guinea
Nigeria
Uganda
Antenatal care coverage - at least four visits (%).
Togo
Antenatal care coverage - at least four visits (%). Data extracted from WHOSIS, 29 Sep 2009
Cote d'Ivoire
Syrian Arab Republic
Algeria
Eritrea
Central African Republic
Madagascar
Senegal
Equatorial Guinea
Antenatal Care Coverage
Morocco
Mali
Azerbaijan
Timor-Leste
Nepal
Viet Nam
Cambodia
Burkina Faso
Chad
Mauritania
Bangladesh
Niger
Pakistan
Yemen
Rwanda
Ethiopia
Djibouti
23. 23 |
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MDGs, Tobacco and MCH | April 26, 2012
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Women whose husband/partner attended at leastCountry
ad
ag e
as
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ba
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n
Ne
Ph pal
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Ba pine
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la
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sh
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SHS Exposure among Pregnant Women by one antenatal care visit
or ia
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24. WHO Guidelines
TARGET: health care providers and health systems
stakeholders
AIM: Make evidence-based recommendations for:
– management of tobacco use during pregnancy
– prevention of second hand smoke exposure during pregnancy
TIMEFRAME:
Planned to be completed by end of 2012
24 | MDGs, Tobacco and MCH | April 26, 2012
25. WHO Guidelines
Invitation to a side meeting:
Date: 24 March 2012
Time: 14:00 – 16:00 hours (followed by coffee/tea)
Venue: Pan-Pacific Hotel, Singapore
2nd Floor, Meeting room Ocean 6.
7 Raffles Boulevard, Marina Square, Singapore
25 | MDGs, Tobacco and MCH | April 26, 2012