R. v. Keegstra was a landmark Supreme Court of Canada case that dealt with the constitutionality of hate speech laws. James Keegstra, a high school teacher, was charged for promoting hatred against Jews. He taught his students anti-Semitic conspiracy theories and gave better grades to students who shared his views. The Court found that while Keegstra's right to freedom of expression was infringed, the hate speech law was a reasonable limit under section 1 of the Charter. The law was upheld but the reverse onus provision was struck down for violating the presumption of innocence. The decision affirmed that while freedom of expression is interpreted broadly, it does not protect hateful communications.