Ruth Pracy, A Stage Relevant Approach To Using Experiential Exercises With High Risk Violent Offenders In Group Therapy Settings
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This document outlines the use of experiential exercises in group therapy with high-risk violent offenders. It describes the stages of group therapy, from forming to adjourning, and provides examples of exercises used at each stage to build trust, encourage disclosure, challenge defenses, explore emotions and relationships, and prepare for the end of the program. The goal is to help motivate offenders and move them towards their parole eligibility date using cognitive behavioral therapy and a community of change approach.
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Safe methods have been devised to do this, using several viral and non-viral vectors.
In the future, this technique may allow doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a patient's cells instead of using drugs or surgery.
The biggest hurdle faced by medical research in gene therapy is the availability of effective gene-carrying vectors that meet all of the following criteria:
Protection of transgene or genetic cargo from degradative action of systemic and endonucleases,
Delivery of genetic material to the target site, i.e., either cell cytoplasm or nucleus,
Low potential of triggering unwanted immune responses or genotoxicity,
Economical and feasible availability for patients .
Viruses are naturally evolved vehicles that efficiently transfer their genes into host cells.
Choice of viral vector is dependent on gene transfer efficiency, capacity to carry foreign genes, toxicity, stability, immune responses towards viral antigens and potential viral recombination.
There are a wide variety of vectors used to deliver DNA or oligo nucleotides into mammalian cells, either in vitro or in vivo.
The most common vector system based on retroviruses, adenoviruses, herpes simplex viruses, adeno associated viruses.
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International Travelers
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort. KENT'S REPERTORY by dr niranjan mohanty.pptx
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- Forming This refers to the pre-formation stage of the group and includes issues of resistance to working in a group, seeing the relevance of the group’s purpose, and the group setting. This is particularly relevant to the formation of new groups such as when a new residence is opened. Facilitator tasks: Develop trust in the group by clearly defining programme objectives and expectations, making ground rules explicit and repeatedly encouraging disclosure. Norming In this stage group members are often energetic in a more diffuse manner. Members seek similarities in background, personal values and attitudes in expectations of the group. Tentative relationships begin to emerge giving rise to structure of group. High level of anxiety in group members as they test out issues of safety, trust and boundaries. Facilitator tasks: Encourage disclosure and Socratically elicit similarities and common values. Encourage acceptance of both similarities and diversity in the group; encourage mutuality in helping through the group process; facilitate sense of safety through reinforced ground rules. Continue to develop trust and reinforce expectations and objectives. Working/ Performing This is really the first working stage in the group. Interpersonal ties increase which are visible in greater cohesiveness. Sub-groups may start to emerge as a result, in the move to commonality. Increasing clarity develops around the purpose of the group at this stage. Facilitator tasks: Encourage the maintenance and enhancement of connections that have been made in group; at the same time encourage appropriate questioning and challenging. Encourage and reinforce clarity in the group and movement towards goals. Re(vision)/Storming At this stage the group will start to develop behaviours that are called ‘storming’. Conflict begins to emerge as differences in values become more evident. Challenges to the leadership are common. The honeymoon is over. Norms and values need to be reworked and modified. Further clarification of the purpose and commitment to the group’s aims is required. Facilitator tasks: Programme objectives, expectations and ground rules need to be reinforced. Norms and values need to be re-worked and modified. Conflict and challenges to leadership should be resolved using the appropriate therapeutic style. Encourage and reinforce clarity in the group and movement towards goals. Revise goals if appropriate. Closure/Adjourning Closure occurs when the goals of the group have been attained and there is no reason for the ongoing existence of the group. Groups are established for a defined purpose and this is now completed. Facilitator tasks: Reinforce the goals of the group and guide towards closure. Deal with the imminent loss of the group, anxiety, regression and denial, review, evaluation and separating.