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- 2. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd “RUSSIA & UKRAINE WAR GENESIS, IMPACT & RELEVANCE"
- 3. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd PRESENTATION FLOW….. • History • Geopolitics • Towards current conflict • Stated Positions • Beyond the lines • Possible scenarios • Gainers and losers • Relevance to us
- 4. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd HISTORY
- 5. • Russia ruled by the Czars • October revolution of 1917 – Bolsheviks under Lenin deposed Czar Nicholas II ending Romanov rule of centuries • 1922 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics constituted with 15 member republics Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd HISTORY…..
- 6. Eighty Years of Glorious Service to the Nation ERSTWHILE USSR
- 7. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd USSR….. • Russia largest state • Lenin introduced Free market and private property • Stalin in 1924 inaugurated command economy • rapid industrialization & forced cultivation • Significant economic growth & manmade famine 1932-33
- 8. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd POST SECOND WORLD….. • NATO & Warsaw pacts by 1949 • 1953 – 64 Destanilisation under Krushchev • Rapid industrialization • Space race – first human in space, first probe to land in Venus • Crimea ceded to Ukraine
- 9. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd POST SECOND WORLD….. • 1964 – 82 Breshnev • Better relations with US in early 70s • Afgan occupation of 79 – economic drain besides escalated cold war
- 10. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd THE DISINTEGRATION….. • 1985 – 91 Gorbachev • Glasnost & perestroika – preserve party & reverse economic stagnation • Cold war ended 1989 – Warsaw pact countries overthrew Marxist-Leninist regimes • Nationalist & separatist movement across USSR • Gorbachev initiated referendum boycotted by Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Armenia, Georgia & Moldova • Dec 1991 – 15 independent states
- 11. UKRAINE
- 12. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd GEOPOLITICS
- 13. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd GEOPOLITICS….. • Neighbours • Russia • Belarus • Poland • Slovakia • Hungary • Romania • Moldova
- 14. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd GEOPOLITICS….. • Owner of maximum Blacksea & Sea of Azov • All weather sea (warm waterbody) • Shale gas rich • Deepsea minerals • Major port of Odessa, Sevastopol, Yalta • Mountain tunnel submarine station
- 15. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd GEOPOLITICS….. • Major shipyards • Blacksea Shipyard Nikoleiv • 61 Communarad Nikoleiv • Pallada Shipyard Kherson • Morye Shipyard Feodasia • Kheson shipyard Kherson
- 16. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd GEOPOLITICS….. • Largest Tank & BMP plant Malashev plant in Kharkiv • One third of USSR nuclear arsenal (third largest in world then) • 130 UR-100N ICBMs with six warheads each • 46 RT-23 Molodets ICBMs with 10 warheads apiece • 33 Heavy Bombers • 1994 – agreed to destroy, Signed NPT – Budapest Memorandum – US, UK, Russia
- 17. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd GEOPOLITICS….. • Antonov aircraft plant Kyiv • Underwater acoustics & sensors research institute • Blacksea Fleet – Sevastapol • Motor Sich, Zaporishea – Helicopter engines • Yushmash, Dnipropedrovisk – Rockets/missiles • Zorya Mashproekt – Gas turbines & Gearboxes • JSC Khartron Kharkiv – Guidance systems
- 18. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd GEOPOLITICS….. • Breadbasket of Europe • Wheat, Corn, Sunflower seeds, Millets, Grapes, Honey • Gas storage & transmission lines
- 19. Eighty Years of Glorious Service to the Nation GAS DISTRIBUTION NETWORK : GERMANY TO RUSSIA
- 20. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd GEOPOLITICS….. • Minerals • Coal – 500 years, worlds 7th & Europe’s 2nd largest • Oil & natural gas including shale gas in Crimea • Iron ore Along black sea borders • Manganese – Europe’s largest, South Ukraine • Titanium – Europe’s largest, East Ukraine • Uranium – Europe’s largest • Graphite – Next only to China • Mercury, Potash, Nickel ….
- 21. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd TOWARDS CURRENT CONFLICT
- 22. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd RUSSIA – UKRAINE SEESAW….. • 1992 – 97 Division of Black Sea fleet and basing of BSF in Sevastopol till 2017 (Treaty of friendship) • Russia primary market for Ukraine’s ferrous metals, electric machinery, food products, machine tools, chemical industry- dropped by >90% by end 90s • Russia 4th largest FDI in 90s • Gas transit charges a major income for Ukraine
- 23. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd RUSSIA – UKRAINE SEESAW….. • Cordial till early 2K • Russia financed two nuclear plants Khmelnitsky & Rivne in 2002 • Orange Revolution against Viktor Yanukovich a pro Putin. Viktor Yushchenko with pro EU/NATO credential elected • 2005-2006 Gas dispute
- 24. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd RUSSIA – UKRAINE SEESAW….. • Gas dispute • 2005 Russia accuses Ukraine of not paying for gas • Ukraine siphoning off transit gas meant for Europe • 01-01-2006 Gas supply cut off by Russia. Restored after three days post preliminary agreement • 2007 New crisis over Ukrainian gas debts leading to disruptions in Europe in 2008 – 09. • Genesis for South Stream & Nord Stream
- 25. Eighty Years of Glorious Service to the Nation GAS DISTRIBUTION NETWORK : GERMANY TO RUSSIA
- 26. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd RUSSIA – UKRAINE SEESAW….. • Relations further soared during Georgian war – Ukraine accused of arms supply • New Ukrainian regulation for BSF • US supported NATO membership for Ukraine in 2008 • 2010 Yushchenko re-iterated Ukraine’s right of choice to join EU • Yanukovich elected president in 2010
- 27. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd RUSSIA – UKRAINE SEESAW….. • 2010 Yanukovych & Medvedev signed agreement extending BSF stationing in Sevastopol for 25 years • 2010 Partial merger of Gasprom & Naftogas • 2013 – Observer status in Customs union of Belarus, kazkhastan & Russia as well as moving ahead with association agreement with EU • Mid 2013 – Ukrainian good stopped by Russian customs. Trade war to preclude EU association agreement???
- 28. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd RUSSIA – UKRAINE SEESAW….. • End 2013 – Russian warning. Yanukovych suspends signing of EU association agreement • Dec 2013 – Ukraine gets 15b$ in financial aid & 33% discount on gas prices • Massive protests in Ukraine over non EU association • Feb 2014 – Ukrainian revolution. Yanukovych overthrown
- 29. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd ANNEXURE OF CRIMEA….. • Feb 2013 Pro Russian Ethnics stage protest. Unmarked military men seize important buildings • Under siege, supreme council of Crimea dismissed • Russia accused of interfering, Budapest memorandum members requested to intervene with no effect. • G8 becomes G7 • Mar 2013 – Russia recognized Crimea as sovereign state and formally annexed it.
- 30. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd ANNEXURE OF CRIMEA….. • Ukraine’s response • condemning by Verkhnova Rada, freezing of assets of Russians, not to buy Russian products (supported by EU, US, UK, Canada, Australia …….) • Mar 2014 Ukrainian armed forces withdraw • Apr 2014 Agreement – 35 ships, some aircrafts returned • Apr 2014 Ruble brought in as currency in Crimea • Apr 2014 Rada declared Crimea and Sevastopol under provisional occupation of Russia
- 31. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd RUSSIA – UKRAINE SEESAW….. • May 2015 – Military cooperation with Russia suspended • Ukraine ceased supply of military components • Oct 2015 Direct flights from Russia banned and in Nov 15 air space closed for Russia • Dec 2015 Rada places trade embargo on Russia. Russia retaliates by banning agricultural products from Jan 2016 & imposes tariff on Ukrainian goods as it joined Free Trade area with EU
- 32. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd RUSSIA – UKRAINE SEESAW….. • Feb 17– Commercial import of books from Russia banned • 2017 Ukraine Education law makes only Ukrainian as medium of instruction in primary schools • End 2017 Russia seizes areas in Donetsk and Luhansk. In Jan 18 Rada passes law defining Russia an aggressor and declaring these areas as temporarily occupied by Russia • Nov 18 Russia fire and seize three Ukrainian Navy vessels. Strong protest outside Russian embassy. President Poroshenko declares martial law claiming there was threat of war
- 33. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd RUSSIA – UKRAINE SEESAW….. • During martial law Russian men between 16 and 60 banned from entering Ukraine • Jul 2019 Volodymir Zelensky telecon with Putin. Puts Minsk protocol in place with UK, US, Germany & France • Sep 2019 Prisoners exchanged • End 2019 Gasprom & Ukraine agreed for a five year deal for gas transit to Europe
- 34. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd STATED POSITIONS
- 35. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd THE FINAL CALLS….. • 14 Sep 2020 Zelensky approved new National Security Strategy which provides for development of distinctive partnership with NATO with an aim of NATO membership • 24 Mar 2021 – Decree approving strategy of de-occupation and re-integration of the temporarily occupied Crimea & Sevastopol • Jul 2021 – Putin’s essay reaffirms Russians and Ukrainians as one people. • Possible Ukrainian accession to NATO and NATO enlargement declared as threat to Russian national security
- 36. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd THE FINAL CALLS….. • Mar 21 – NATO Exercise Defender Europe 2021 • Mar – Apr 21 Massing in borders & Crimea • Jun 21 – troops partially withdrawn • Oct-Nov 21 – Massive Russian build up on three sides • Dec 21 – Draft treaties as Security Guarantees that Ukaine would not join NATO and reduction of NATO troops and material in eastern Europe. • Threatened with unspecified military operations if these demands not met. US warned Russia of severe sanctions
- 37. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd THE NATO RESPONSE….. • 22 Jan 22– 90 Tons of lethal weapons • US - FGM-148 Javelin anti tank missiles, anti-armour artillery, HMGs, Ammo, medical aid, FIM-92 Stinger SAM • Additional $200million aid • US approved Baltic nations to supply American weapons. • Danish Govt for 22m Euro military package • Poland – lethal weapons, drones, SAMs, ammo, shells • Tripartite format cooperation with Poland & UK
- 38. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd THE NATO RESPONSE….. • Spanish navy in black sea, Spanish air force to Bulgaria • Netherlands F-35s in Bulgaria for air surveillance • 5 Feb 22 US soldiers in Germany & Poland to bolster NATO’s eastern plank • 07 Feb 22 Boris Johnson to deploy Royal Marine, RAF, RN to eastern Europe. • 11 Feb 21 US – additional men and F-15 to Romania
- 39. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd THE MARCH….. • 26 Jan 22 – Russian demand that NATO renounce its promise that Ukraine would be able to join NATO rejected by US • 01 Feb 22 – Russia said US response failed to address • Non Expansion of NATO • Refusal to deploy offensive weapon systems close to Russian boreders • Bringing back NATO’s military infra to status quo of 1997 • 17 Feb 22 – Russian letter blaming US for ignoring its security demands
- 40. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd THE MARCH….. • 21 Feb 22 – Russia officially recognizes Donetsk Peoples republic and Luhansk People Republic as independent states and deployed troops • 22 Feb 22 – Putin declares Minsk agreements no more valid. Russian federation council unanimously authorized use of military force • 23 Feb 22 – Donetsk & Luhansk asks Russia to protect its sovereignty. • 24 Feb 22 – Full scale invasion into Ukraine launched
- 42. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd THE UN RESPONSES….. • 31 Jan – Security council meeting – No resolution agreed • 21 Feb – Donbass intervention condemned • 23-24 Feb 22 – While emergency meeting was on Russia invaded Ukraine. • UN intervention – Article 7 of UN Charter
- 43. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd BEYOND THE LINES
- 44. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES….. • Pro-Ukraine – Sanctions/ Physical Support - Albania, Kosovo, Australia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, Sweden, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Moldova, New Zealand, Poland, Romania, Singapore, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, USA, Uruguay, • Pro-Russia - Belarus, China, Croatia, Cuba, Iran, Kazakhstan, Nicaragua, N Korea, Pakistan, South Africa, Syria, Venezuela • Neutral for peaceful solution - Argentina, Armenia, Brazil, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Serbia, South Korea, UAE, Vatican, Vietnam
- 45. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd AT STAKE….. • Energy Security • Coal & Gas reserves including shale gas • Gas transit pipelines • Electric power – Ukraine has all major nuclear power plants of USSR • Food Security • Largest Agricultural producer • Most fertile soil in the world
- 46. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd AT STAKE….. • Industrial Security • Natural resources • Industrial complexes; Military & Commercial • Logistics/Transportation Security • Europe – Russian corridor • All weather ports in Black Sea
- 47. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd AT STAKE….. • Physical Security • Buffer state for Russia • Through put rail access now denied • Black Sea access block
- 48. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd POSSIBLE OUTCOMES….. • Putin faces domestic criticism & resistance. Removal / withdrawal/ cease fire • Ukraine forces a Russian retreat with/without NATO support • Russia annexes east (Donetsk, Luhansk, Kharkiv, Zaproasia), Part of south to land lock Ukraine • Complete take over of Ukraine
- 50. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd WINNERS & LOSERS
- 51. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd WINNERS….. • China • Chokehold of Russia’s economy and so her geopolitical decisions • Russia cut off from West – Oil & gas • China biggest customer for Russian oil, gas, food weapons etc • China support for FDI in Russia • American muscle drawn to Europe, freeing Chinese waters • China has powerful sidekick (Russia) with their biggest adversary forced to hold line
- 52. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd WINNERS….. • America • Galvanization Of NATO; situation like in 1949 • EU/NATO nations to up their military spending – most goes to US • Sweden & Finland may join NATO. Russia threatened them too • Credibility of American MI and geopolitical outlook vindicated. They always warned • Will not have to strain to corral EU states together in the conflict against China. More money to China means missiles in Russia • Europe may have to wean away from Russian gas to LNG. US hits jackpot
- 53. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd WINNERS….. • France • Pivot for EU security • Far end from Russia, so least fear of an attack • Nuclear energy compensates for Russian gas • No trade dependency on China (<5% of exports to China). So Russia and China has no leverage over France • Well developed armament industry will benefit from bolstering of NATO • Self sufficient in food, energy, technology & armaments
- 54. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd LOSERS….. • Russia • Economic bleeding – sanctions, loss of customers, frozen assets abroad • West weaning away from Russian fossil fuel • In the hock to China – a brutal realpolitik • China may use Mangolia the way Russia used Belarus. • Eastern flank of NATO will now get heavily armed – Russia has alarmed her enemies.
- 55. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd LOSERS….. • Germany • Loss of credibility and dependency – meagre support to NATO efforts • Reduced security considerations after unification. • Energy security compromised. Nord stream no use. Energy dependence on Russia could lead to economic blackmail • Eastern flank of NATO will now get heavily armed – Russia has alarmed her enemies.
- 56. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd RELEVANCE
- 57. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd IMPLICATIONS FOR WORLD….. • Energy security challenges, Rising fuel costs • Food security challenges, Rising food costs • Industrial Challenges, high prices of coal, copper, nickel, manganese, iron & steel….. • Travel challenges, restricted air spaces, blocked sea lanes… • Technology denials • Restrictions in money transfers, Gold back as international currency? • Locked financial assets and reserves
- 58. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd IMPLICATIONS FOR INDIA….. • Russia is India’s most powerful patron traditionally. Now China is Russia’s most powerful patron. China is India’s most dangerous and mortal enemy. • Russia seems to be warming up to Pak; client state of China. • Dependence on both Russia & Ukraine for military equipments • Sunflower oil, wheat etc • Nuclear plants, space applications • Medicine exports to both • Repatriation of students
- 59. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd WHAT TO DO….. • Energy security • Drive economy as had as possible • Atmanirbharata in food, medical ingradients, armaments & technology • Realignment in international relations – There are no permanent friends or enemies amongst nations
- 60. Shipbuilding Division, Hindustan Shipyard Ltd THANKYOU
Editor's Notes
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.
- Whilst cost implications are beyond the purview of QA and handled by respective OPAs, On many occasions, DQA has been persecuted to be agents of delay for reasons as indicated on the slide. Whilst there are areas that can be improved, we would like bring out certain salient observations.