The document summarizes the history of Crimea from ancient Greek colonies established in the 5th century BC through conquests by various powers like the Greeks, Romans, Huns, Kievan Rus, Byzantium, and Mongols. It then discusses Crimea's annexation by the Russian Empire in 1783 and becoming an autonomous republic within Ukraine in 1991 before being annexed again by Russia in 2014. It provides context around rising tensions between Ukraine and Russia over Crimea in the late 2000s and early 2010s that ultimately led to Russia's annexation of Crimea.

1. By – Apoorva Yadav
MBA Trainee
Institute of Business Management & Research
University of Mysore

2. The Origin & Conquest of Crimea
҉ History of the Crimean Peninsula starts from 5th century
BC
҉ Several Greek colonies were established along its coast
҉Since then Crimea has endured series of conquests and
invasions by:
ΐ Greeks
ΐ Romans
ΐ Huns
ΐ Kievan Rus
ΐ Byzantium
ΐ Mongols
ΐ Crimean Khanate &

3. 1783
• Crimea Annexed by the Russian Empire
1921
• Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist
Republic was created
1945-54
• This Republic of Crimea became a
province of Russia
1991
• Crimea had status of Autonomous
Republic within Ukraine
2014
• Crimea Annexed by the Russian Federation

4. And. . .
҉Russia pledged to uphold the territorial integrity of Ukraine
in a memorandum, also signed by the US & UK
҉Russian President Boris Yeltsin & Ukraine's Leonid
Kravchuk split the Soviet Black Sea Fleet between:
ΐ Russia &
ΐ The New Ukrainian Navy
҉On 14 October 1993:
ΐ the Crimean parliament established the post of President of
Crimea &
ΐ Agreed the quota of Crimean Tatars (who were deported out as a
punishment of supporting Nazis) representation in the Council to 14
҉The chairman of the Tatar Mejlis, Mustafa Abdülcemil was

5. ҉ Next, the Crimean Tatar leader, Yuriy Osmanov was
murdered
҉ Series of assassinations & attacks on Tatar community &
Ukrainian officials took place
҉ On 30 January 94, the pro-Russian Yuriy
Meshkov was elected President but he faced conflicts with
parliament
҉ On 8th Sept. Crimean parliament degraded the President's
powers to the head of executive only
҉ On 17 March 95, Ukraine intervened, scrapping the
Crimean Constitution and removing Meshkov for:
ΐ his actions against the state &

6. Post Ukraine’s Annexation Over Crimea
҉After the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, & Partnership
in 1997, Moscow recognized Ukraine's borders & territorial
integrity
҉Russia also accepted Ukraine's sovereignty on Crimea &
Sevastopol
҉ Russia was to receive
ΐ 80% of the Black Sea Fleet &
ΐ Use of military facilities in Sevastopol on 20yr lease
҉Controversy of the ownership of a lighthouse on Cape
Sarych between Ukraine & Russia still remain
҉There have been unsuccessful attempts to return Cape

7. What Actually Happened?

8. Rising Tension
҉September 2008- Ukrain’s Foreign Minister Volodymyr
accused Russia of giving out Russian passports in Crimea
҉January 2009- Nalyvaychenko, acting head of Security
Service Ukraine started criminal proceedings against pro-
Russian association
҉24 August 2009- anti-Ukrainian demonstrations held in
Crimea by ethnic Russian residents
҉Crisis unfolded in Feb 2014 after Ukrainian revolution &
the interim appointment of Yatsenyuk Government
҉Russia opposed the new Acting President of
Ukraine, Oleksandr Turchynov as "self-proclaimed“ in a
"coup d'etat"

9. ҉23 Feb- The law on languages of minorities is abolished,
including Russian
҉26 Feb- Thousands of pro-Russian & pro-Ukraine protesters
clashed in Simferopol in front of parliament
҉ March 11: After disagreements with Ukraine, the Crimean
Parliament & City Council of Sevastopol adopted a
resolution:
ΐ To show intention to declare themselves independent as
united nation
ΐ Possibility of joining the Russian Federation as a federal
subject - if voters approve to do so in upcoming
referendum

10. Crimea Under Russia

11. Crimea Under Russia
҉March 16- Officials said that 96% votes in
Crimea supported to join Russia
҉However, the referendum had no international recognition &
no other country had sent its official observers
҉March 17- Crimean parliament declared independence
from Ukraine & requested to join Russian Federation
҉March 18- President Putin declared Crimea a part of Russia
҉All actions of Crimean parliament disregarded by Ukrainian
constitutional court
҉The United States & the European Union consider the vote
illegal
҉ March 27- U.N. General Assembly passed non-binding
resolution declaring Crimea's Moscow-backed referendum

12. Impact On Global Economy

13. Impact On Global Economy
҉The Ukrainian economy is going through a balance of
payments adjustment & will witness heavy loss due to the
Crimea Crisis
҉IMF bailed out $17 billion to Ukraine but govt. is looking
at tight spending this year
҉Russian stock market is down 20% this year & IMF
forecasted GDP fall from 1.3%-0.2% in 2014
҉A third of Europe’s gas comes from Russia, thus the
European Union can be at risk
҉Russia & Ukraine are suppliers of energy, palladium, nickel,
titanium & grain risking supply chains of companies using
these materials

14. ҉Troubles in Ukraine will hurt Russian banks, which have
leant heavily to Ukraine
҉Automakers in Germany will be heavily affected, since their
manufacturing takes place in Russia
҉More sanctions from US will put Russia into deep recession
hitting consumers goods, technology & the financial sector
҉Russia depends on European imports to keep its stores filled
҉On the other hand uncertainty in global markets could boost
demand for:
ΐ U.S. government bonds
ΐ German bonds
ΐ Japanese bonds &
ΐ U.K. bonds