Running head: SOCIAL BEHAVIOR EVOLUTION AND ARISING OPPORTUNITIES 1
SOCIAL BEHAVIOR EVOLUTION AND ARISING OPPORTUNITIES 21
The Evolution of Social Behavior and Opportunities That Arise
y
CA499
Prof
12014
Abstract
Social evolution is inherent to human society since man is constantly interacting with technological, economic, demographic, and social forces. These changes do not follow a specific channel, but the result is creation of new social needs and wants. “Public good capitalism” dictates that though businesses emerge to make profit, they also need to meet a social need. The sexual revolution, the women rights activism, and the gay and lesbian rights movements agitated for rights equality, but they also created social vacuums, ergo creating business opportunities for entrepreneurs. Nonetheless, each social evolution creates unique needs and wants, meaning business opportunities are not uniform for all social changes.
The Evolution of Social Behavior and Opportunities That Arise
A defining feature of mankind is the ability to organize, and socialize with the immediate environment, which can either be the natural environment, social groups and organizations. While this feature largely relates to man’s propensity to make the best of most situations, such as living communally to offer greater protection to society members; it also relates to the innate nature of man’s curiosity. Yeats and Yeats (2007) observe that curiosity in man fuels the need to learn, and investigate, and can only be satisfied “. . . behaviorally through exploration”, and this in turn helps man attain goals and make decisions (p. 118). This also implies that man acts in specific ways due to the curiosity aroused within, and this leads to change in behavior over time, since man is always exploring new possibilities and ideas.
However, more than act out of the simple drive to quench curiosity, individuals in society also act due to other motives. Whitworth and Whitworth (2010) point out that man in society acts out of self and social interests, in both the natural and social world. Therefore, when an individual starts a business, the aim is to make profit, but at the same time, meet a social need. This is the reason in the first civilized nations, individuals decided to cooperate so that fighting enemies and securing food could be easier; thus in this instance, man cooperates with other people, in order to meet the selfish motive of self preservation. Whitworth and Whitworth (2010) add that human evolution paralleled social and technical evolutions, and is the reason man started living communally; social evolution dictated that forceful taking of items from other people was wrong, hence the commencement of simple trade.
Over millennia, social behavior has evolved, causing changes in social structures and paradigms. This is because individuals in society, who make up social structures and adhere to soci.
Running head SOCIAL BEHAVIOR EVOLUTION AND ARISING OPPORTUNITIE.docxagnesdcarey33086
Running head: SOCIAL BEHAVIOR EVOLUTION AND ARISING OPPORTUNITIES 1
SOCIAL BEHAVIOR EVOLUTION AND ARISING OPPORTUNITIES
6
The Evolution of Social Behavior and Opportunities That Arise Annotated Bibliography
Joseph L Yokum
Grantham University
CA499 Professional Strategies
Prof Matt Diggs
25 February 2014
The Evolution of Social Behavior and Opportunities That Arise Annotated Bibliography
Bergman, J. (2002). Darwin’s critical influence on the ruthless extremes of capitalism. Technical
Journal, 16(2), 105-109. Retrieved from http://creation.com/darwins-critical-influence-on-the-ruthless-extremes-of-capitalism
This article discusses the influence that Charles Darwin’s survival of the fittest theory, had on the evolution of social behavior, and the ruthless rise of capitalism. The author argues that Darwin’s theory not only promoted capitalism, but it promotes an extreme brand of individualistic capitalism, where “. . . other persons count for little, and that it is both natural and proper to exploit "weaker" companies” (Bergman, 2002). In addition, the author points out that although Darwin’s theory applied to the evolution of living things; businessmen, engaged in exploitative economic pursuit, adopted it to legitimize their actions in the market place, and glorify free enterprise. This source relates well to the evolution of social behavior because, it is an effort to determine how capitalism flourished in the 1800s and its relation to the evolution of individual perception on exploitative economics. Furthermore, the source lends credence to the argument that the evolution of social behavior relates directly to opportunities that arise in the marketplace and subsequent entrepreneurship, and its list of credible references could be useful in compiling this paper.
Dowling, J., & Pfeffer, J. (1975). Organizational legitimacy: Social values and organizational
behavior. Pacific Sociological Review, 122-136. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1388226
This paper looks at organizational legitimacy, and how social values and organizational behavior seek to assert an organization’s legitimacy. The authors observe that organization philanthropic activities, size of the board of directors and even annual reports and org anization communications are efforts made by organizations to make them legitimate. Dowling and Pfeffer add that organizations seek legitimacy by ensuring that their activities and perceived norms are in tandem with the “. . . norms of acceptable behavior in the larger social system” (p. 122). Thus, organizations will only seek business ventures that are in line with what society accepts and allows. This source is important because it seeks to explain why businesses will only engage in certain types of businesses in large numbers, engage in other businesses minimally, and avoid other businesses altogether. The paper presents logical arguments, backed up by thorough research and it has a lon.
Problem statementThe Evolution of Social Behavior and Opportunit.docxwkyra78
Problem statement
The Evolution of Social Behavior and Opportunities That Arise
Social evolution in human society offers a unique premise to study and determine the effects and outcomes of social changes to organizations, societies, individuals, and businesses. This is because as long as man exists, social changes will always form a part of life, and since these changes take place within society, their effects reverberate through all society. Triggers of social change include current technology, environment, economy, and demographic features, and understanding these trigger points in history, can point out major social evolutions (Rousseau, 2006). Nonetheless, a major outcome of social change is the resultant gap in society marked by new needs and wants, non existent before the social change, and the subsequent opportunities for entrepreneurs.
Reference
Rousseau, J. (2006). Rethinking social evolution: The perspective from middle-range societies.
Montreal: McGill-Queen's Press-MQUP.
References
Alonso, H. H. (1993). Peace as a women's issue: A history of the US movement for world peace
and women's rights. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
Bergman, J. (2002). Darwin’s critical influence on the ruthless extremes of capitalism. Technical
Journal, 16(2), 105-109. Retrieved March 14, 2014 from http://creation.com/darwins-critical-influence-on-the-ruthless-extremes-of-capitalism
Boesch, C. (2012). The ecology and evolution of social behavior and cognition in primates. The
Oxford Handbook of Comparative Evolutionary Psychology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 486-503. Retrieved March 14, 2014 from http://www.eva.mpg.de/primat/staff/boesch/pdf/Boesch_Encyclopedia_Social_in_Primates.pdf
Bonilla-Silva, E. (2013). Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of
racial inequality in America. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Chasin, A. (2001). Selling out: The gay and lesbian movement goes to market.
Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
Chaves, L. S. (2011). Sexually explicit, socially empowered: Sexual liberation and feminist
discourse in 1960s playboy and cosmopolitan(University of South Florida). Retrieved March 14, 2014 from http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4236&context=etd
Clendinen, D., & Nagourney, A. (2001). Out for good: The struggle to build a gay rights
movement in America. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Cohen, N. (2012). Delirium: How the sexual counterrevolution is polarizing America. Berkeley,
California: Counterpoint Press.
Case study history
Racial inequality and race have been important elements in the creation of the American nation. This is because the nation was built on the premise of political and religious freedom, as well as economic liberty. With the nation being built on inequality, oppression, slavery and denial of fundamental freedoms it is easy to see a problem in race. Today, minorities in the United States lag in virtually all areas of social lif ...
Running head SOCIAL BEHAVIOR EVOLUTION AND ARISING OPPORTUNITIE.docxagnesdcarey33086
Running head: SOCIAL BEHAVIOR EVOLUTION AND ARISING OPPORTUNITIES 1
SOCIAL BEHAVIOR EVOLUTION AND ARISING OPPORTUNITIES
6
The Evolution of Social Behavior and Opportunities That Arise Annotated Bibliography
Joseph L Yokum
Grantham University
CA499 Professional Strategies
Prof Matt Diggs
25 February 2014
The Evolution of Social Behavior and Opportunities That Arise Annotated Bibliography
Bergman, J. (2002). Darwin’s critical influence on the ruthless extremes of capitalism. Technical
Journal, 16(2), 105-109. Retrieved from http://creation.com/darwins-critical-influence-on-the-ruthless-extremes-of-capitalism
This article discusses the influence that Charles Darwin’s survival of the fittest theory, had on the evolution of social behavior, and the ruthless rise of capitalism. The author argues that Darwin’s theory not only promoted capitalism, but it promotes an extreme brand of individualistic capitalism, where “. . . other persons count for little, and that it is both natural and proper to exploit "weaker" companies” (Bergman, 2002). In addition, the author points out that although Darwin’s theory applied to the evolution of living things; businessmen, engaged in exploitative economic pursuit, adopted it to legitimize their actions in the market place, and glorify free enterprise. This source relates well to the evolution of social behavior because, it is an effort to determine how capitalism flourished in the 1800s and its relation to the evolution of individual perception on exploitative economics. Furthermore, the source lends credence to the argument that the evolution of social behavior relates directly to opportunities that arise in the marketplace and subsequent entrepreneurship, and its list of credible references could be useful in compiling this paper.
Dowling, J., & Pfeffer, J. (1975). Organizational legitimacy: Social values and organizational
behavior. Pacific Sociological Review, 122-136. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1388226
This paper looks at organizational legitimacy, and how social values and organizational behavior seek to assert an organization’s legitimacy. The authors observe that organization philanthropic activities, size of the board of directors and even annual reports and org anization communications are efforts made by organizations to make them legitimate. Dowling and Pfeffer add that organizations seek legitimacy by ensuring that their activities and perceived norms are in tandem with the “. . . norms of acceptable behavior in the larger social system” (p. 122). Thus, organizations will only seek business ventures that are in line with what society accepts and allows. This source is important because it seeks to explain why businesses will only engage in certain types of businesses in large numbers, engage in other businesses minimally, and avoid other businesses altogether. The paper presents logical arguments, backed up by thorough research and it has a lon.
Problem statementThe Evolution of Social Behavior and Opportunit.docxwkyra78
Problem statement
The Evolution of Social Behavior and Opportunities That Arise
Social evolution in human society offers a unique premise to study and determine the effects and outcomes of social changes to organizations, societies, individuals, and businesses. This is because as long as man exists, social changes will always form a part of life, and since these changes take place within society, their effects reverberate through all society. Triggers of social change include current technology, environment, economy, and demographic features, and understanding these trigger points in history, can point out major social evolutions (Rousseau, 2006). Nonetheless, a major outcome of social change is the resultant gap in society marked by new needs and wants, non existent before the social change, and the subsequent opportunities for entrepreneurs.
Reference
Rousseau, J. (2006). Rethinking social evolution: The perspective from middle-range societies.
Montreal: McGill-Queen's Press-MQUP.
References
Alonso, H. H. (1993). Peace as a women's issue: A history of the US movement for world peace
and women's rights. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
Bergman, J. (2002). Darwin’s critical influence on the ruthless extremes of capitalism. Technical
Journal, 16(2), 105-109. Retrieved March 14, 2014 from http://creation.com/darwins-critical-influence-on-the-ruthless-extremes-of-capitalism
Boesch, C. (2012). The ecology and evolution of social behavior and cognition in primates. The
Oxford Handbook of Comparative Evolutionary Psychology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 486-503. Retrieved March 14, 2014 from http://www.eva.mpg.de/primat/staff/boesch/pdf/Boesch_Encyclopedia_Social_in_Primates.pdf
Bonilla-Silva, E. (2013). Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of
racial inequality in America. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Chasin, A. (2001). Selling out: The gay and lesbian movement goes to market.
Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
Chaves, L. S. (2011). Sexually explicit, socially empowered: Sexual liberation and feminist
discourse in 1960s playboy and cosmopolitan(University of South Florida). Retrieved March 14, 2014 from http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4236&context=etd
Clendinen, D., & Nagourney, A. (2001). Out for good: The struggle to build a gay rights
movement in America. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Cohen, N. (2012). Delirium: How the sexual counterrevolution is polarizing America. Berkeley,
California: Counterpoint Press.
Case study history
Racial inequality and race have been important elements in the creation of the American nation. This is because the nation was built on the premise of political and religious freedom, as well as economic liberty. With the nation being built on inequality, oppression, slavery and denial of fundamental freedoms it is easy to see a problem in race. Today, minorities in the United States lag in virtually all areas of social lif ...
CP2-2CP2-2Finding Financial InformationLO2-1, 2-2, 2-5, 2-6Refer to the financial statements of Urban Outfitters in Appendix C at the end of this book.Required:1. Use the company's balance sheet to determine the amounts in the accounting equation (A = L + SE) as of January 31, 2012. Assets=Liabilities+Shareholders’ Equity=+2. If the company were liquidated at the end of the current year (January 31, 2012), are the shareholders guaranteed to receive $1,066,268,000?Why or why not?3. What are the company's noncurrent liabilities?4. What is the company's current ratio?Current ===Ratio5. Did the company have a cash inflow or outflow from investing activities? Of how much?
CP2-2 Check FiguresCP2-2Finding Financial InformationLO2-1, 2-2, 2-5, 2-6Refer to the financial statements of Urban Outfitters in Appendix C at the end of this book.Required:1. Use the company's balance sheet to determine the amounts in the accounting equation (A = L + SE) as of January 31, 2012. Assets=Liabilities+Shareholders’ Equity=+2. If the company were liquidated at the end of the current year (January 31, 2012), are the shareholders guaranteed to receive $1,066,268,000?Why or why not?3. What are the company's noncurrent liabilities?4. What is the company's current ratio?Current ===2.56Ratio5. Did the company have a cash inflow or outflow from investing activities? Of how much?
Sheet2List 1List 2List 3YesCurrent AssetsNet Cash InflowNoTotal AssetsNet Cash OutflowCurrent LiabilitesTotal LiabilitiesTotal Shareholders' Equity
PEER RESPONSES: WEEK 5 - DISCUSSION 1&2
1
Engagement/ Participation: Respond to two of your classmates’
Distinguished - Contributes to classroom conversations with at least the minimum number of replies, all of which were thoughtful, relevant, and contributed meaningfully to the conversation. Fully engages in the conversation with appropriate topic-based responses.
Proficient - Contributes to classroom conversations with the minimum number of replies that are somewhat thoughtful, relevant, and contributed meaningfully to the conversation. Attempts to fully engage in the conversation with appropriate topic-based responses.
Peer Responses must be written as though you are speaking with the classmate, having a conversation that goes back and forth and expresses whether or not you agree or disagree with their point-of-view on the topic.
Week 5 - Discussion 1: Social Movements
W. Smallwood # 1
There are four different types of social movements, that focus on different ideas of change. these social movements are revolutionary, Reformative, reactionary, and the redemptive movements and all of these movements serve to better their communities, whether it is through violence or not, they see that the place that they call home must change in order to survive. The first is the revolutionary movement which is the more violent of the four different types, and seeks a complete transformation in .
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Sample Summaries of Emily Raine’s Why Should I Be Nice to You.docxagnesdcarey33086
Sample Summaries of Emily Raine’s “Why Should I Be Nice to You”
Sample Summary 1
Most people at some point in their life have worked in the service industry. This particular
industry can be quite satisfying whether it be working in fine dining, as a cocktail waitress, or at a local
diner, but for Emily Raine, who had done all of these things, the only place she ever felt “whipped” was
working as a barista at one of largest specialty coffee chains in the world (358). Raine is bothered by
how the café industry has set up the impersonal server/customer relationship and feels the best way to
solve the issue is be to “be rude” (365). In 2005, Raine expanded in an essay that appeared in the
online journal, Bad Subjects, on her frustration within the service industry and what good service really
means.
Good service in the coffee industry does not require much skill these days. Most people are
usually talking on their cell phone while ordering their daily coffee and pastry while also paying and then
out as fast as they walked into the café probably not even noticing or acknowledging any interaction
with the people serving. The coffee sector has recognized this and has set up the counters as linear
coffee bars that act the same as an assembly line. The workers are trained and assigned specific jobs in
the coffee preparing process, such as taking the order, handling the money, making the drink, to
delivery. This makes the interaction with the customer very limited, mostly just seconds. This is where
Raine feels some of the problem with the customer and server interaction. Although this is the most
effective and efficient way of working, Raine describes productive work as “dreary and repetitive” (359).
Since the 1960’s companies have been branding themselves with the quality of having “good
service” distinguishing them from the rest of the competition. Raines explains that in good service there
is an exchange between two parties: “the ‘we’ that gladly serves and the ‘you’ that happily receives,”
but also a third party, the boss, which is the ultimate decider on exactly what good service will be (360).
Companies in the service industry must market their products on servers’ friendliness; therefore
it is monitored and controlled from the people on top. Raine notes that cafés “layouts and management
styles” help create a cozy atmosphere that plays a factor in good service, but in a way that will not
disrupt the output (361). In Raine’s essay, she gives the example of an employee Starbucks has
branded; “The happy, wholesome perfume-free barista” (361). She points out that the company offers
workers stock options, health insurance, dental plans, as well as other perks of discounts and giveaways,
while also using moving personal accounts from workers who “never deemed corporate America could
care so much” (362). Raines also adds that the company does not give into unionization and although
the company pay.
SAMPLEExecutive Summary The following report is an evalua.docxagnesdcarey33086
SAMPLE:
Executive Summary
The following report is an evaluation of multiple facets of the Uruguayan economy, its overall investment attractiveness, and feasibility of doing business. After conducting research and analysis on the country in areas such as legal frameworks, fiscal policy, trade relations, infrastructure, housing, and monetary policy, Uruguay proves to be an economy of strong opportunity when evaluated against its regional/continental partners, but with significant and pressing challenges that would place the nation lower when considered at a global level. The national government and political system are proven to be stable, offering legal protections and investment frameworks that are comparable to developed economies. As a member of MERCOSUR and independently, Uruguay has ratified trade agreements, particularly with developed nations and Latin America, in a variety of structures, namely goods, services, investment promotion and protection, public procurement, and double taxation avoidance. The country offers valuable exports, and derives its imports significantly from MERCOSUR members in which people, goods, and currency are permitted to move freely. Uruguay has shown strong numbers in growth, particularly GDP and unemployment rate. Having reacted appropriately to an economic and banking crisis in the early 2000s, Uruguay was one of the few countries that was not significantly impacted by the 2008-09 economic crisis. The housing market has also seen considerable growth and looks to continue growing as the level of foreign direct investment in construction increases. Challenges that have limited the country and are foreseeable as continuing to limit Uruguay’s attractiveness include a public banking system that offers limited access to credit, undesired volatility in prime rate lending, seemingly unsustainable fiscal policy, and a lack of coordination in monetary and exchange rate policies. Given the widespread availability and transparency of information on the country and having taken all these factors into consideration, we determine Uruguay to be one of best investment opportunities in terms of a Latin American scope, but as still significantly behind developed economies. A total score of 30.5 points out of a possible 55 was assigned.
Description and Analysis of Each Measured Attribute
A.1 Government Expenditure, Tax System, Rule of Law, and Education System - 2/5; This ranking reflects Uruguay’s controlled government spending and competitive tax rate. The tax free zones are a great way to incentivize companies to operating in Uruguay. However, it does take into account the difficult experiences that corporations undergo in paying taxes. Uruguay benefits from a mature democracy with a stable political system and independent judiciary system. Uruguay has a well-established education system that provides free education and equal access to all students through the university level. However, the socioeconomic gap become.
Sample Student Industry AnalysisExecutive SummaryCom.docxagnesdcarey33086
Sample Student Industry Analysis
Executive Summary
Company Description
Seg and Cycle the City is a Koblenz, Germany based company specializing in offering rentals for recreational vehicles (Segways, bikes, tandems and inline skates), guiding and informational services to mainly tourists, locals and their visitors, students or for event entertainment purposes. The company will begin operations in April, 2010, as a Limited Liability Company (Unternehmensgesellschaft). The company will take advantage of the increasing popularity of Segway scooters: two-wheeled, self-balancing electric vehicles invented by Dean Kamen in 2001, as a new, more exiting and relaxing alternative to walking tours for tourists to enjoy the sights and atmosphere of the city. Also, the company will provide high quality MP3 Audio-City Guides to capture the large number of visitors who are more independent-minded, not willing to participate in guiding services offered by the tourism board of Koblenz and thereby gain significant market share.
Mission Statement
“Seg and Cycle the City is a speciality tour operator committed to providing a unique, entertaining, memorable and educational experience of the city that meets the needs of both kinds of tourists: those who seek a guided experience and those who are more independent minded.
We will take pride in doing our best to present our city tour in a memorable way and leave our customers with the image that Koblenz is a place to go back to. We will achieve this by building strong personal relationships with our customers during our guided tours and by suggesting journeys for the individual exploration.
As an advocate for sustainability, we want to promote the use of environmentally friendly transportation devices and, thereby, improve the image of our beloved city. We will also fulfil this mission of sustainability by providing an affordable opportunity for college students to rent a bike.”
Industry Analysis & Trends
The services provided by Seg and Cycle the City as a player in the service industry are affected by the developments in the recreational and sports equipment rental trade and by developments in the city and bike tourism industry in Germany, Rhineland Palatinate and, specifically, Koblenz.
Size and Growth
The personal service industry in Germany generally shows a stable performance with relatively stable revenue regardless of the difficult economic situation. A high employment rate, increased wages, and a decreasing inflation rate have increased disposable income, which especially benefits the leisure industry (German Chamber of Commerce e.V).The following graph shows that the service industry (blue line), as the leading sector concerning economic added value in the Koblenz (including surrounding communities) underwent major growth compared to other main sectors from 1992 to 2005. Since 2004, growth rate appears to be stable and rather low, but remains in a leading position.
Travel Germany, Rhineland-Pa.
SAMPLING MEAN DEFINITION The term sampling mean is.docxagnesdcarey33086
SAMPLING MEAN:
DEFINITION:
The term sampling mean is a statistical term used to describe the properties of statistical
distributions. In statistical terms, the sample mean from a group of observations is an
estimate of the population mean . Given a sample of size n, consider n independent random
variables X1, X2... Xn, each corresponding to one randomly selected observation. Each of these
variables has the distribution of the population, with mean and standard deviation . The
sample mean is defined to be
WHAT IT IS USED FOR:
It is also used to measure central tendency of the numbers in a database. It can also be said that
it is nothing more than a balance point between the number and the low numbers.
HOW TO CALCULATE IT:
To calculate this, just add up all the numbers, then divide by how many numbers there are.
Example: what is the mean of 2, 7, and 9?
Add the numbers: 2 + 7 + 9 = 18
Divide by how many numbers (i.e., we added 3 numbers): 18 ÷ 3 = 6
So the Mean is 6
SAMPLE VARIANCE:
DEFINITION:
The sample variance, s2, is used to calculate how varied a sample is. A sample is a select number
of items taken from a population. For example, if you are measuring American people’s weights,
it wouldn’t be feasible (from either a time or a monetary standpoint) for you to measure the
weights of every person in the population. The solution is to take a sample of the population, say
1000 people, and use that sample size to estimate the actual weights of the whole population.
WHAT IT IS USED FOR:
The sample variance helps you to figure out the spread out in the data you have collected or are
going to analyze. In statistical terminology, it can be defined as the average of the squared
differences from the mean.
HOW TO CALCULATE IT:
Given below are steps of how a sample variance is calculated:
• Determine the mean
• Then for each number: subtract the Mean and square the result
• Then work out the mean of those squared differences.
To work out the mean, add up all the values then divide by the number of data points.
First add up all the values from the previous step.
But how do we say "add them all up" in mathematics? We use the Roman letter Sigma: Σ
The handy Sigma Notation says to sum up as many terms as we want.
• Next we need to divide by the number of data points, which is simply done by
multiplying by "1/N":
Statistically it can be stated by the following:
•
• This value is the variance
EXAMPLE:
Sam has 20 Rose Bushes.
The number of flowers on each bush is
9, 2, 5, 4, 12, 7, 8, 11, 9, 3, 7, 4, 12, 5, 4, 10, 9, 6, 9, 4
Work out the sample variance
Step 1. Work out the mean
In the formula above, µ (the Greek letter "mu") is the mean of all our values.
For this example, the data points are: 9, 2, 5, 4, 12, 7, 8, 11, 9, 3, 7, 4, 12, 5, 4, 10, 9, 6, 9, 4
The mean is:
(9+2+5+4+12+7+8+11+9+3+7+4+12+5+4+10+9+6+9+4) / 20 = 140/20 = 7
So:
µ.
SAMPLING MEANDEFINITIONThe term sampling mean is a stati.docxagnesdcarey33086
SAMPLING MEAN:
DEFINITION:
The term sampling mean is a statistical term used to describe the properties of statistical distributions. In statistical terms, the sample meanfrom a group of observations is an estimate of the population mean. Given a sample of size n, consider n independent random variables X1, X2... Xn, each corresponding to one randomly selected observation. Each of these variables has the distribution of the population, with mean and standard deviation. The sample mean is defined to be
WHAT IT IS USED FOR:
It is also used to measure central tendency of the numbers in a database. It can also be said that it is nothing more than a balance point between the number and the low numbers.
HOW TO CALCULATE IT:
To calculate this, just add up all the numbers, then divide by how many numbers there are.
Example: what is the mean of 2, 7, and 9?
Add the numbers: 2 + 7 + 9 = 18
Divide by how many numbers (i.e., we added 3 numbers): 18 ÷ 3 = 6
So the Mean is 6
SAMPLE VARIANCE:
DEFINITION:
The sample variance, s2, is used to calculate how varied a sample is. A sample is a select number of items taken from a population. For example, if you are measuring American people’s weights, it wouldn’t be feasible (from either a time or a monetary standpoint) for you to measure the weights of every person in the population. The solution is to take a sample of the population, say 1000 people, and use that sample size to estimate the actual weights of the whole population.
WHAT IT IS USED FOR:
The sample variance helps you to figure out the spread out in the data you have collected or are going to analyze. In statistical terminology, it can be defined as the average of the squared differences from the mean.
HOW TO CALCULATE IT:
Given below are steps of how a sample variance is calculated:
· Determine the mean
· Then for each number: subtract the Mean and square the result
· Then work out the mean of those squared differences.
To work out the mean, add up all the values then divide by the number of data points.
First add up all the values from the previous step.
But how do we say "add them all up" in mathematics? We use the Roman letter Sigma: Σ
The handy Sigma Notation says to sum up as many terms as we want.
· Next we need to divide by the number of data points, which is simply done by multiplying by "1/N":
Statistically it can be stated by the following:
·
· This value is the variance
EXAMPLE:
Sam has 20 Rose Bushes.
The number of flowers on each bush is
9, 2, 5, 4, 12, 7, 8, 11, 9, 3, 7, 4, 12, 5, 4, 10, 9, 6, 9, 4
Work out the sample variance
Step 1. Work out the mean
In the formula above, μ (the Greek letter "mu") is the mean of all our values.
For this example, the data points are: 9, 2, 5, 4, 12, 7, 8, 11, 9, 3, 7, 4, 12, 5, 4, 10, 9, 6, 9, 4
The mean is:
(9+2+5+4+12+7+8+11+9+3+7+4+12+5+4+10+9+6+9+4) / 20 = 140/20 = 7
So:
μ = 7
Step 2. Then for each number: subtract the Mean and square the result
This is t.
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Similar to Running head SOCIAL BEHAVIOR EVOLUTION AND ARISING OPPORTUNITIES .docx
CP2-2CP2-2Finding Financial InformationLO2-1, 2-2, 2-5, 2-6Refer to the financial statements of Urban Outfitters in Appendix C at the end of this book.Required:1. Use the company's balance sheet to determine the amounts in the accounting equation (A = L + SE) as of January 31, 2012. Assets=Liabilities+Shareholders’ Equity=+2. If the company were liquidated at the end of the current year (January 31, 2012), are the shareholders guaranteed to receive $1,066,268,000?Why or why not?3. What are the company's noncurrent liabilities?4. What is the company's current ratio?Current ===Ratio5. Did the company have a cash inflow or outflow from investing activities? Of how much?
CP2-2 Check FiguresCP2-2Finding Financial InformationLO2-1, 2-2, 2-5, 2-6Refer to the financial statements of Urban Outfitters in Appendix C at the end of this book.Required:1. Use the company's balance sheet to determine the amounts in the accounting equation (A = L + SE) as of January 31, 2012. Assets=Liabilities+Shareholders’ Equity=+2. If the company were liquidated at the end of the current year (January 31, 2012), are the shareholders guaranteed to receive $1,066,268,000?Why or why not?3. What are the company's noncurrent liabilities?4. What is the company's current ratio?Current ===2.56Ratio5. Did the company have a cash inflow or outflow from investing activities? Of how much?
Sheet2List 1List 2List 3YesCurrent AssetsNet Cash InflowNoTotal AssetsNet Cash OutflowCurrent LiabilitesTotal LiabilitiesTotal Shareholders' Equity
PEER RESPONSES: WEEK 5 - DISCUSSION 1&2
1
Engagement/ Participation: Respond to two of your classmates’
Distinguished - Contributes to classroom conversations with at least the minimum number of replies, all of which were thoughtful, relevant, and contributed meaningfully to the conversation. Fully engages in the conversation with appropriate topic-based responses.
Proficient - Contributes to classroom conversations with the minimum number of replies that are somewhat thoughtful, relevant, and contributed meaningfully to the conversation. Attempts to fully engage in the conversation with appropriate topic-based responses.
Peer Responses must be written as though you are speaking with the classmate, having a conversation that goes back and forth and expresses whether or not you agree or disagree with their point-of-view on the topic.
Week 5 - Discussion 1: Social Movements
W. Smallwood # 1
There are four different types of social movements, that focus on different ideas of change. these social movements are revolutionary, Reformative, reactionary, and the redemptive movements and all of these movements serve to better their communities, whether it is through violence or not, they see that the place that they call home must change in order to survive. The first is the revolutionary movement which is the more violent of the four different types, and seeks a complete transformation in .
Social Cultural Change
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The Theory Of Social Change
Social Change in The Human Project Essay
Social Media And Social Change
The Importance Of Social Change In Society
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Sample Summaries of Emily Raine’s Why Should I Be Nice to You.docxagnesdcarey33086
Sample Summaries of Emily Raine’s “Why Should I Be Nice to You”
Sample Summary 1
Most people at some point in their life have worked in the service industry. This particular
industry can be quite satisfying whether it be working in fine dining, as a cocktail waitress, or at a local
diner, but for Emily Raine, who had done all of these things, the only place she ever felt “whipped” was
working as a barista at one of largest specialty coffee chains in the world (358). Raine is bothered by
how the café industry has set up the impersonal server/customer relationship and feels the best way to
solve the issue is be to “be rude” (365). In 2005, Raine expanded in an essay that appeared in the
online journal, Bad Subjects, on her frustration within the service industry and what good service really
means.
Good service in the coffee industry does not require much skill these days. Most people are
usually talking on their cell phone while ordering their daily coffee and pastry while also paying and then
out as fast as they walked into the café probably not even noticing or acknowledging any interaction
with the people serving. The coffee sector has recognized this and has set up the counters as linear
coffee bars that act the same as an assembly line. The workers are trained and assigned specific jobs in
the coffee preparing process, such as taking the order, handling the money, making the drink, to
delivery. This makes the interaction with the customer very limited, mostly just seconds. This is where
Raine feels some of the problem with the customer and server interaction. Although this is the most
effective and efficient way of working, Raine describes productive work as “dreary and repetitive” (359).
Since the 1960’s companies have been branding themselves with the quality of having “good
service” distinguishing them from the rest of the competition. Raines explains that in good service there
is an exchange between two parties: “the ‘we’ that gladly serves and the ‘you’ that happily receives,”
but also a third party, the boss, which is the ultimate decider on exactly what good service will be (360).
Companies in the service industry must market their products on servers’ friendliness; therefore
it is monitored and controlled from the people on top. Raine notes that cafés “layouts and management
styles” help create a cozy atmosphere that plays a factor in good service, but in a way that will not
disrupt the output (361). In Raine’s essay, she gives the example of an employee Starbucks has
branded; “The happy, wholesome perfume-free barista” (361). She points out that the company offers
workers stock options, health insurance, dental plans, as well as other perks of discounts and giveaways,
while also using moving personal accounts from workers who “never deemed corporate America could
care so much” (362). Raines also adds that the company does not give into unionization and although
the company pay.
SAMPLEExecutive Summary The following report is an evalua.docxagnesdcarey33086
SAMPLE:
Executive Summary
The following report is an evaluation of multiple facets of the Uruguayan economy, its overall investment attractiveness, and feasibility of doing business. After conducting research and analysis on the country in areas such as legal frameworks, fiscal policy, trade relations, infrastructure, housing, and monetary policy, Uruguay proves to be an economy of strong opportunity when evaluated against its regional/continental partners, but with significant and pressing challenges that would place the nation lower when considered at a global level. The national government and political system are proven to be stable, offering legal protections and investment frameworks that are comparable to developed economies. As a member of MERCOSUR and independently, Uruguay has ratified trade agreements, particularly with developed nations and Latin America, in a variety of structures, namely goods, services, investment promotion and protection, public procurement, and double taxation avoidance. The country offers valuable exports, and derives its imports significantly from MERCOSUR members in which people, goods, and currency are permitted to move freely. Uruguay has shown strong numbers in growth, particularly GDP and unemployment rate. Having reacted appropriately to an economic and banking crisis in the early 2000s, Uruguay was one of the few countries that was not significantly impacted by the 2008-09 economic crisis. The housing market has also seen considerable growth and looks to continue growing as the level of foreign direct investment in construction increases. Challenges that have limited the country and are foreseeable as continuing to limit Uruguay’s attractiveness include a public banking system that offers limited access to credit, undesired volatility in prime rate lending, seemingly unsustainable fiscal policy, and a lack of coordination in monetary and exchange rate policies. Given the widespread availability and transparency of information on the country and having taken all these factors into consideration, we determine Uruguay to be one of best investment opportunities in terms of a Latin American scope, but as still significantly behind developed economies. A total score of 30.5 points out of a possible 55 was assigned.
Description and Analysis of Each Measured Attribute
A.1 Government Expenditure, Tax System, Rule of Law, and Education System - 2/5; This ranking reflects Uruguay’s controlled government spending and competitive tax rate. The tax free zones are a great way to incentivize companies to operating in Uruguay. However, it does take into account the difficult experiences that corporations undergo in paying taxes. Uruguay benefits from a mature democracy with a stable political system and independent judiciary system. Uruguay has a well-established education system that provides free education and equal access to all students through the university level. However, the socioeconomic gap become.
Sample Student Industry AnalysisExecutive SummaryCom.docxagnesdcarey33086
Sample Student Industry Analysis
Executive Summary
Company Description
Seg and Cycle the City is a Koblenz, Germany based company specializing in offering rentals for recreational vehicles (Segways, bikes, tandems and inline skates), guiding and informational services to mainly tourists, locals and their visitors, students or for event entertainment purposes. The company will begin operations in April, 2010, as a Limited Liability Company (Unternehmensgesellschaft). The company will take advantage of the increasing popularity of Segway scooters: two-wheeled, self-balancing electric vehicles invented by Dean Kamen in 2001, as a new, more exiting and relaxing alternative to walking tours for tourists to enjoy the sights and atmosphere of the city. Also, the company will provide high quality MP3 Audio-City Guides to capture the large number of visitors who are more independent-minded, not willing to participate in guiding services offered by the tourism board of Koblenz and thereby gain significant market share.
Mission Statement
“Seg and Cycle the City is a speciality tour operator committed to providing a unique, entertaining, memorable and educational experience of the city that meets the needs of both kinds of tourists: those who seek a guided experience and those who are more independent minded.
We will take pride in doing our best to present our city tour in a memorable way and leave our customers with the image that Koblenz is a place to go back to. We will achieve this by building strong personal relationships with our customers during our guided tours and by suggesting journeys for the individual exploration.
As an advocate for sustainability, we want to promote the use of environmentally friendly transportation devices and, thereby, improve the image of our beloved city. We will also fulfil this mission of sustainability by providing an affordable opportunity for college students to rent a bike.”
Industry Analysis & Trends
The services provided by Seg and Cycle the City as a player in the service industry are affected by the developments in the recreational and sports equipment rental trade and by developments in the city and bike tourism industry in Germany, Rhineland Palatinate and, specifically, Koblenz.
Size and Growth
The personal service industry in Germany generally shows a stable performance with relatively stable revenue regardless of the difficult economic situation. A high employment rate, increased wages, and a decreasing inflation rate have increased disposable income, which especially benefits the leisure industry (German Chamber of Commerce e.V).The following graph shows that the service industry (blue line), as the leading sector concerning economic added value in the Koblenz (including surrounding communities) underwent major growth compared to other main sectors from 1992 to 2005. Since 2004, growth rate appears to be stable and rather low, but remains in a leading position.
Travel Germany, Rhineland-Pa.
SAMPLING MEAN DEFINITION The term sampling mean is.docxagnesdcarey33086
SAMPLING MEAN:
DEFINITION:
The term sampling mean is a statistical term used to describe the properties of statistical
distributions. In statistical terms, the sample mean from a group of observations is an
estimate of the population mean . Given a sample of size n, consider n independent random
variables X1, X2... Xn, each corresponding to one randomly selected observation. Each of these
variables has the distribution of the population, with mean and standard deviation . The
sample mean is defined to be
WHAT IT IS USED FOR:
It is also used to measure central tendency of the numbers in a database. It can also be said that
it is nothing more than a balance point between the number and the low numbers.
HOW TO CALCULATE IT:
To calculate this, just add up all the numbers, then divide by how many numbers there are.
Example: what is the mean of 2, 7, and 9?
Add the numbers: 2 + 7 + 9 = 18
Divide by how many numbers (i.e., we added 3 numbers): 18 ÷ 3 = 6
So the Mean is 6
SAMPLE VARIANCE:
DEFINITION:
The sample variance, s2, is used to calculate how varied a sample is. A sample is a select number
of items taken from a population. For example, if you are measuring American people’s weights,
it wouldn’t be feasible (from either a time or a monetary standpoint) for you to measure the
weights of every person in the population. The solution is to take a sample of the population, say
1000 people, and use that sample size to estimate the actual weights of the whole population.
WHAT IT IS USED FOR:
The sample variance helps you to figure out the spread out in the data you have collected or are
going to analyze. In statistical terminology, it can be defined as the average of the squared
differences from the mean.
HOW TO CALCULATE IT:
Given below are steps of how a sample variance is calculated:
• Determine the mean
• Then for each number: subtract the Mean and square the result
• Then work out the mean of those squared differences.
To work out the mean, add up all the values then divide by the number of data points.
First add up all the values from the previous step.
But how do we say "add them all up" in mathematics? We use the Roman letter Sigma: Σ
The handy Sigma Notation says to sum up as many terms as we want.
• Next we need to divide by the number of data points, which is simply done by
multiplying by "1/N":
Statistically it can be stated by the following:
•
• This value is the variance
EXAMPLE:
Sam has 20 Rose Bushes.
The number of flowers on each bush is
9, 2, 5, 4, 12, 7, 8, 11, 9, 3, 7, 4, 12, 5, 4, 10, 9, 6, 9, 4
Work out the sample variance
Step 1. Work out the mean
In the formula above, µ (the Greek letter "mu") is the mean of all our values.
For this example, the data points are: 9, 2, 5, 4, 12, 7, 8, 11, 9, 3, 7, 4, 12, 5, 4, 10, 9, 6, 9, 4
The mean is:
(9+2+5+4+12+7+8+11+9+3+7+4+12+5+4+10+9+6+9+4) / 20 = 140/20 = 7
So:
µ.
SAMPLING MEANDEFINITIONThe term sampling mean is a stati.docxagnesdcarey33086
SAMPLING MEAN:
DEFINITION:
The term sampling mean is a statistical term used to describe the properties of statistical distributions. In statistical terms, the sample meanfrom a group of observations is an estimate of the population mean. Given a sample of size n, consider n independent random variables X1, X2... Xn, each corresponding to one randomly selected observation. Each of these variables has the distribution of the population, with mean and standard deviation. The sample mean is defined to be
WHAT IT IS USED FOR:
It is also used to measure central tendency of the numbers in a database. It can also be said that it is nothing more than a balance point between the number and the low numbers.
HOW TO CALCULATE IT:
To calculate this, just add up all the numbers, then divide by how many numbers there are.
Example: what is the mean of 2, 7, and 9?
Add the numbers: 2 + 7 + 9 = 18
Divide by how many numbers (i.e., we added 3 numbers): 18 ÷ 3 = 6
So the Mean is 6
SAMPLE VARIANCE:
DEFINITION:
The sample variance, s2, is used to calculate how varied a sample is. A sample is a select number of items taken from a population. For example, if you are measuring American people’s weights, it wouldn’t be feasible (from either a time or a monetary standpoint) for you to measure the weights of every person in the population. The solution is to take a sample of the population, say 1000 people, and use that sample size to estimate the actual weights of the whole population.
WHAT IT IS USED FOR:
The sample variance helps you to figure out the spread out in the data you have collected or are going to analyze. In statistical terminology, it can be defined as the average of the squared differences from the mean.
HOW TO CALCULATE IT:
Given below are steps of how a sample variance is calculated:
· Determine the mean
· Then for each number: subtract the Mean and square the result
· Then work out the mean of those squared differences.
To work out the mean, add up all the values then divide by the number of data points.
First add up all the values from the previous step.
But how do we say "add them all up" in mathematics? We use the Roman letter Sigma: Σ
The handy Sigma Notation says to sum up as many terms as we want.
· Next we need to divide by the number of data points, which is simply done by multiplying by "1/N":
Statistically it can be stated by the following:
·
· This value is the variance
EXAMPLE:
Sam has 20 Rose Bushes.
The number of flowers on each bush is
9, 2, 5, 4, 12, 7, 8, 11, 9, 3, 7, 4, 12, 5, 4, 10, 9, 6, 9, 4
Work out the sample variance
Step 1. Work out the mean
In the formula above, μ (the Greek letter "mu") is the mean of all our values.
For this example, the data points are: 9, 2, 5, 4, 12, 7, 8, 11, 9, 3, 7, 4, 12, 5, 4, 10, 9, 6, 9, 4
The mean is:
(9+2+5+4+12+7+8+11+9+3+7+4+12+5+4+10+9+6+9+4) / 20 = 140/20 = 7
So:
μ = 7
Step 2. Then for each number: subtract the Mean and square the result
This is t.
sampleReportt.docx
Power Electronics
Contents Comment by adtaylor: This table of contents is clear and precise: I can see the flow of ideas and were the report will go
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Aim 2
1.3 Objectives 2
2.1 Diode Origins 3
2.1.1 Early Diodes 3
2.1.2 Thermionic Diodes 3-4
2.1.3 Crystal Diodes 4
2.2 Diode Fundamentals 5
2.2.1 Semiconductors 5
2.2.2 Doping 5-6
2.2.3 PN Junctions 6
2.2.4 Forward and Reverse Bias 7
2.3 Diode Operation 8
2.3.1 PN Junction Diode 8
2.3.2 Diode DC Operation 9
2.3.3 Diode AC Operation 10
2.4 Full Wave Bridge Rectification 11
2.4.1 Bridge Configuration 11
2.4.2 Diode Conduction Pairing 11
2.5 Three Phase Full Wave Bridge Rectification 12
2.5.1 Bridge Configuration 12
2.5.2 Diode Conduction Sequence 12-14
2.5.3 Output Voltage and current characteristics 14-15
3 Lab Report 16
3.1 Lab Report Objectives 16
3.2 Lab Report important notes 16
3.3 Output Signal 17
3.4 Output Signal (D1 removed) 18
3.5 Output Signal (D5 removed) 19
3.6 Output Signal (D6 removed) 20
4 Results, Comparisons and Discussions 21-22
5 Conclusions 23
6 References 24
1.1 Introduction
1. Rectifiers are electrical devices that convert an AC supply into a DC output through a process known as rectification. The theory of rectification has been around for over one hundred years, when early discoveries uncovered the unidirectional current flow (polarity dependent) in vacuum valves and crystal (solid state) devices. These devices were known as rectifiers; however the naming convention was changed in 1919 to diode. The name diode was derived from the Greek words ‘dia’ (through) and ‘ode’ (path). Comment by adtaylor: I don’t really think this sort of thing is necessary: the project report is supposed to be on investigating these devices or technology, not its 100 year old history.
When the marker sees this sort of thing, the first thing that springs to mind is that the student is padding out their report. It is very clear when this happens
2. Diodes are commonly known as switching devices; however due to there complex non-linear voltage and current characteristics, there applications have become numerous depending on the PN junction construction. Some special diode applications are as follows: Comment by adtaylor: This is good in an introduction, giving the reader some background on the device and what it does: this is the objective of this report after all
a. Voltage regulator (Zener diodes),
b. Tuners (Varactor diodes),
c. RF oscillators (Tunnel diodes), and
d. Light emitters (LED’s).
1.2 Aim
1. To observe the operation of a three phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit with a purely resistive load. Comment by adtaylor: This aim i.
SAMPLE Project (Answers and explanations are in red)I opened t.docxagnesdcarey33086
SAMPLE Project (Answers and explanations are in red)
I opened the Week 1 Project from Doc Sharing.
Projects
Project 1: Working With the Data Editor.
Downloading Statdisk
1) First go to the website at www.statdisk.org and then scroll down to the bottom of the page to download
the Statdisk program version 11.1.0. by clicking on the windows or the MAC version.
I went to www.statdisk.org and downloaded the statdisk 11.1.0 windows version.
Download Statdisk Version 11.1.0
Statdisk 11.1.0 Windows 2K, XP, Vista
Statdisk 11.1.0 OSX
See the included ReadMe.txt file for details.
Open A Saved Data File
2) After you have opened the Statdisk program, go to Datasets and then Elementary Stats, 9th Edition.
Open the file named SUGAR. The data will appear in column 1 in the Sample Editor.
I opened the statdisk program, went to Datasets, then Elementary Stats, 9th edition and opened the Sugar file.
Copy and Paste a Data File
3) Make a copy of the data values listed in column 1. Paste the data files into column 2. Re-name the title
of column 2 to COPY.
I went to Copy and then selected column 1. I then selected copy. Then I clicked on Paste and chose column 2. I then had 2 identical columns of the Sugar data.
Sorting Data Values
4) Make another copy of the data values listed in column 1 and paste those into column 3. Then sort only
the data values in column 3. Label the column SORT.
I selected Copy and clicked on column 1 and then pasted them into column 3. I clicked on Sort and then selected column 3.
Entering a Set of Data Values
5) Manually enter all of the data values listed below into column 4 in the Statdisk editor. Type all of the data values into the one column in vertical fashion like the other data values are listed in the other columns. It does not matter what order you input the data values. Label the data values with the name of IQ.
I typed the following data into column 4.
83
56
43
65
74
28
88
77
74
51
65
46
55
66
35
75
54
63
74
48
37
57
37
62
32
48
43
52
52
61
80
75
54
45
44
60
65
44
33
32
41
52
38
62
74
74
46
37
37
39
6) What are some of the problems that could occur when entering data values into a statistics technology
editor?
Problems that could occur when entering data values into a statistics technology editor include ………………………………………………………………………..
Sample Transformation
7) Go to the Data menu then select Sample Transformations to add 100 to all of the data values in column 4 and then paste them into column 5.
I went to the Data menu and ……………………………………………………………………………..
Classifying Variables
8) Would the grams of sugar data in column 1 be considered a sample or a population?
The grams of sugar data in column 1 would be considered a ……………..
9) State whether the sugar variable is qualitative or quantitative?
The sugar variable is ……………………………..
10) State whether the sugar variable is discrete, continuous or neither?.
Sample Questions to Ask During an Informational Interview .docxagnesdcarey33086
Sample Questions to Ask During an Informational Interview
You will not have time to ask all of the questions that you will want to ask the interviewee. Remember to
focus on the ones you feel will be most useful to you personally. Pick10-15 to use as a guideline but leave
room for the possibility that other questions will develop from your conversation.
x What is your job like?
o A typical day?
o What do you do? What are the duties/functions/responsibilities of your job?
o What kind of problems do you deal with?
o What kinds of decisions do you make?
o What percentage of your time is spent doing what?
o How does the time use vary? Are there busy and slow times or is the work activity fairly
constant?
x Why did this type of work interest you and how did you get started?
x How did you get your job? What jobs and experiences have led you to your present position?
x Can you suggest some ways a student could obtain this necessary experience?
x What are the most important personal satisfactions and dissatisfactions connected with your
occupation? What part of this job do you personally find most satisfying? Most challenging?
What do you like and not like about working in this industry?
x What things did you do before you entered this occupation?
o Which have been most helpful?
o What other jobs can you get with the same background?
x What are the various jobs in this field or organization?
x Why did you decide to work for this company?
x What do you like most about this company?
x How does your company differ from its competitors?
x Are you optimistic about the company’s future and your future with the company?
x What does the company do to contribute to its employees’ professional development?
x How does the company make use of technology for internal communication and outside
marketing?
x What sorts of changes are occurring in your occupation?
x How does a person progress in your field? What is a typical career path in this field or
organization?
o What is the best way to enter this occupation?
o What are the advancement opportunities?
o What are the major qualifications for success in this occupation?
x What are the skills that are most important for a position in this field?
x What particular skills or talents are most essential to be effective in your job? How did you learn
these skills? Did you enter this position through a formal training program? How can I evaluate
whether or not I have the necessary skills for a position such as yours?
x How would you describe the working atmosphere and the people with whom you work?
x What can you tell me about the corporate culture?
x Is there flexibility related to dress, work hours, vacation schedule, place of residence, etc.?
x What work-related values are strongest in this type of work (security, high income, variety,
independence)?
x If you job progresses as you like, what would be the next step in your career?
Kori Ryerson
Though these a.
Sample Table.pdfTopic RatingPatients Goal Able to walk .docxagnesdcarey33086
Sample Table.pdf
Topic Rating
Patient's Goal Able to walk to work instead of drive -
Gender M -
Age 24 -
height (in) 72 -
weight (lbs) 200 -
Circumference waist (in) 45 high
Table 1 Health Assessment
Value
exercise physiol.docx
I have to complete a lab in exercise physiology course..
Learning Objectives
· Health Related Physical Fitness Testing and Interpretation
· Exercise Assessment
· Anthropometric Data - height, weight, BMI, body composition
· Cardiorespiratory Fitness
I have lab report for this course, I only need you to take care of THE RESULTS SECTION.
-------------
Results – 25% – (approximately 1-2 pages)
Present in a clear, concise, logical manner the results of the data you are given and must calculate, compared to
norms listed in the texts and other resources you may select depending on which of the three lab reports you are
completing. Present the information in tables only.
----------------------
in the attachments you will see all info needed about the lab report and what you need to know about the results.
Lab Patients Fall 2014.xlsx
John JamesFALL 2014 BIO345OL.1 Patient Data SetJohn JamesTopicValueGoalExercise, lose weight, stop smokingHistory/personalsmokes socially 1/2 pk per week, does not exercise, works long hours as a produce managerHistory/familyfather died of MI age 60, he answered yes on the PAR-Q and complains of a sore right knee from a sports injury 10 yrs ago,Medicationatorvastatin, tylenol for knee painGenderMAge40height (in) 70weight (lbs)200Circumference waist (in)40Skinfolds (mm)ChestAbdomenThigh253215HR/resting80BP/resting138/84Cholesterol (mg·dL-1)242LDL Cholesterol162HDL Cholesterol58Triglycerides202*********************** EVERYTHING BELOW THIS IS FOR LAB 2 and 3 *************************
Sarah SmithFALL 2014 BIO345OL.1 Patient Data SetSarah SmithTopicValueGoalExercise to lose weight, get strongerHistory/personaldoes not exercise, teacherHistory/familyFather hypertension, obese; Mother overweightMedicationAviane, alprazolamGenderFAge30height (in) 64weight (lbs)147Circumference waist (in)34Skinfolds (mm)tricepssuprailiacthigh241820HR/resting72BP/resting124/80Cholesterol (mg·dL-1)198LDL Cholesterol132HDL Cholesterol39Triglycerides148*********************** EVERYTHING BELOW THIS IS FOR LAB 2 and 3 *************************
Larry LevineFALL 2014 BIO345OL.1 Patient Data SetLarry LevineTopicValueGoalrun a 10k without stoppingHistory/personalsoftware engineer, Gym exercise 3x/wk elliptical and weightsHistory/familyFather has Type II Diabetes Mellitus; Mother overweight mild hypertensionMedicationnoneGenderMAge30height (in) 69weight (lbs)172Circumference waist (in)39Skinfolds (mm)ChestAbdomenThigh183022HR/resting78BP/resting124/82Cholesterol (mg·dL-1)188LDL Cholesterol110HDL Cholesterol43Triglycerides152*********************** EVERYTHING BELOW THIS IS FOR LAB 2 and 3 *************************
Alice AmesFALL 2014 BIO345OL.1 Patient Data SetAlice AmesTopicValueGoalSet up a routine that she c.
SAMPLE QUESTIONExercise 1 Consider the functionf (x,C).docxagnesdcarey33086
SAMPLE QUESTION:
Exercise 1: Consider the function
f (x,C)=
sin(C x)
Cx
(a) Create a vector x with 100 elements from -3*pi to 3*pi. Write f as an inline or anonymous function
and generate the vectors y1 = f(x,C1), y2 = f(x,C2) and y3 = f(x,C3), where C1 = 1, C2 = 2 and
C3 = 3. Make sure you suppress the output of x and y's vectors. Plot the function f (for the three
C's above), name the axis, give a title to the plot and include a legend to identify the plots. Add a
grid to the plot.
(b) Without using inline or anonymous functions write a function+function structure m-file that does
the same job as in part (a)
SAMPLE LAB WRITEUP:
MAT 275 MATLAB LAB 1 NAME: __________________________
LAB DAY and TIME:______________
Instructor: _______________________
Exercise 1
(a)
x = linspace(-3*pi,3*pi); % generating x vector - default value for number
% of pts linspace is 100
f= @(x,C) sin(C*x)./(C*x) % C will be just a constant, no need for ".*"
C1 = 1, C2 = 2, C3 = 3 % Using commans to separate commands
y1 = f(x,C1); y2 = f(x,C2); y3 = f(x,C3); % supressing the y's
plot(x,y1,'b.-', x,y2,'ro-', x,y3,'ks-') % using different markers for
% black and white plots
xlabel('x'), ylabel('y') % labeling the axis
title('f(x,C) = sin(Cx)/(Cx)') % adding a title
legend('C = 1','C = 2','C = 3') % adding a legend
grid on
Command window output:
f =
@(x,C)sin(C*x)./(C*x)
C1 =
1
C2 =
2
C3 =
3
(b)
M-file of structure function+function
function ex1
x = linspace(-3*pi,3*pi); % generating x vector - default value for number
% of pts linspace is 100
C1 = 1, C2 = 2, C3 = 3 % Using commans to separate commands
y1 = f(x,C1); y2 = f(x,C2); y3 = f(x,C3); % function f is defined below
plot(x,y1,'b.-', x,y2,'ro-', x,y3,'ks-') % using different markers for
% black and white plots
xlabel('x'), ylabel('y') % labeling the axis
title('f(x,C) = sin(Cx)/(Cx)') % adding a title
legend('C = 1','C = 2','C = 3') % adding a legend
grid on
end
function y = f(x,C)
y = sin(C*x)./(C*x);
end
Command window output:
C1 =
1
C2 =
2
C3 =
3
Joe Bob
Mon lab: 4:30-6:50
Lab 3
Exercise 1
(a) Create function M-file for banded LU factorization
function [L,U] = luband(A,p)
% LUBAND Banded LU factorization
% Adaptation to LUFACT
% Input:
% A diagonally dominant square matrix
% Output:
% L,U unit lower triangular and upper triangular such that LU=A
n = length(A);
L = eye(n); % ones on diagonal
% Gaussian Elimination
for j = 1:n-1
a = min(j+p.
Sample PowerPoint Flow Week 5Select a current product with which.docxagnesdcarey33086
Sample PowerPoint Flow Week 5
Select a current product with which you are familiar, and pitch a new Integrated Marketing Communication plan (IMC) to your client.
Create a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation of 8-10 slides that includes the following components:
· Identify any considerations you will need to employ to build and maintain the brand and customer loyalty.
· Make a recommendation for an integrated marketing communications program. Include at least three of the five communication channels (Advertising, Sales Promotion, Personal Selling, Direct Marketing, Public Relations).
· First state who the target market is that you are communicating with
· Next discuss each channel of communication individually that you have selected and explain your rationale. State what the purpose of the channel is, give your objectives, and explain the strategy or how you will use this to accomplish the objectives.
-PowerPoint Outline-
Integrated Marketing Communication plan (IMC)
· Background on the product
· Target Market (describe)
· Choose at least 3 Marketing Communications to fit best with your product (most important component is that you can distinguish between the three)
1. Advertising (the purpose of advertising, explain that you know what it is)
· Purpose
· Objectives
· Strategy (How will you do this? TV, Radio, Mag, Internet)
2. Sales Promotion
· Purpose
· Objectives
· (
Only choose 3 of these Marketing Communications
)Strategy
3. Personal Selling
· Purpose
· Objectives
· Strategy
4. Direct Marketing
· Purpose
· Objectives
· Strategy
5. Public Relations
· Purpose
· Objectives
· Strategy
Please remember to include: Identify any considerations you will need to employ to build and maintain the brand and customer loyalty. (Beginning on the Background slide)
(
Remember: Identify any considerations you will need to employ to build and maintain the brand and customer loyalty.
)
Integrated Marketing Communicaitons Plan (title slide)
Background
Background of the product
Communication 3
Target Market
Communication 1
Communication 2
Purpose
Objective
Strategy
Purpose
Objective
Strategy
Purpose
Objective
Strategy
Introduction
.
Sample Of assignmentIntroductionComment by Jane Summers Introd.docxagnesdcarey33086
Sample Of assignment
Introduction Comment by Jane Summers: Introduction – The first part of your essay should describe what happened, what did you do, what was your role and what was the role of others involved? In this section you also need to make clear what the ethical issue was and why it was an issue. This section should be short, concise and factual. There is no need for emotion or feelings at this point.
The purpose of this paper is to reflect upon an ethical issue that arose in my law firm. The paper discusses what happened, what the ethical issues were, how I felt at the time, how I went about dealing with these ethical issues including what ethical approach I subconsciously took, what caused me to take that approach and what ethical approach I would take if I was in the position again. I conclude with what I learnt from the reflective process.
In 2009 a lady, Fiona, and her grandfather, Paul, attended my law firm. Fiona said Paul and her grandmother, Mary, owned a house. They were worried that Fiona’s mother, Christine, (an apparent drug user) was going to try and force the grandparents into signing the house over to her and then evict the grandparents out of the house.
Fiona indicated they had mutually agreed that to protect the grandparents from the anticipated actions of Christine, the grandparents would gift the house to Fiona. Fiona, as owner of the house and presumably someone, whom Christine couldn’t stand over, would then let them stay in the house until they died.
Fiona told me that Mary was in hospital, very ill and slowly losing her mental capacity. They wanted the transfer of house to take place urgently. Based on what Fiona and Paul said, I drafted the necessary documents and the house was transferred into Fiona’s name.
There were three ethical issues. Firstly, should I accept the word of Fiona that Christine would try to force the grandparents out of the house; after all it could be Fiona herself who was out to deceive her grandparents.
Secondly, should I make enquiries about Mary’s mental capacity, perhaps even attend the hospital? However, as I was told this was an urgent matter, I prepared the documents immediately to be taken to Mary for signing.
Finally, should I have persuaded Fiona to get her own lawyer to avoid any conflict, after all I was there to look after the interests of the grandparents? Comment by Jane Summers: This introduction is concise, explains the scenario, identifies the ethical issues that were present and does not attach a value judgement or emotion to the information.
Feelings and Emotions Comment by Jane Summers: This next section is where you describe how you felt about the issue. You should discuss what were you thinking at the time, and perhaps the emotional state you were in when taking the actions you took or after the event occurred.
I had various feelings and thoughts about this issue at the time. Initially, I was sceptical of what I was being told by Fiona. It was hard for me.
Sample Access Control Policy1.Purpose2.Scope3.Pol.docxagnesdcarey33086
Sample Access Control Policy
1. Purpose
2. Scope
3. Policy
Access control policy
Who and how is authorisation for access to systems and business applications granted?User access
How is access to information systems to be granted (eg passwords etc)?
Who is responsible for monitoring and reviewing access rights?
Who is responsible for removing and notifying of redundant User IDs and accounts and what is the process?
Who is responsible for granting access to systems utilities and privilege management?
How is access and use of systems utilities monitored?User responsibilities
How are users to be educated and made aware of access responsibilities?
What are users’ responsibilities for access and passwords?Network access
Who is responsible for authorising network access (both internally and external connections)?
What is the process for enforced network paths, user authentication for external connection, Node authentication, use of remote diagnostic ports?
How will network domains and groups be segregated?
What network connection controls will be in place – eg. times, type and size of file transfers to external source?Operating system access
How is automatic terminal identification used to authenticate connections to specific locations and portable equipment?
What is the secure logon and logoff process for access?
Are there restrictions on connection times in place?
How will passwords be issued and managed – what are the rules for passwords?
How will systems utilities’ use be controlled? Application access
Who authorises application access eg read, write?
What is the process for authorising access to information when systems share resources, eg. two separate systems are integrated to form a third application or system?Monitoring system access
What system events will be logged, eg. date, IP address, User-IDs, unsuccessful logins, alerts from intrusion detection systems (firewall)?
When and who will review and monitor system logs? And where are they stored?Mobile computing and telecommuting
Outline Agency policy for each type of mobile device – eg. physical storage, personal usage, protection of information held on the device, access mechanisms (eg password), virus protection, backup.
Policy on use of computer equipment for telecommuting, eg. authorisation process, system access, physical security, etc.
Template - Access Control Policy Page 1 of 2 June 06
.
SAMPLE GED 501 RESEARCH PAPERTechnology Based Education How.docxagnesdcarey33086
SAMPLE GED 501 RESEARCH PAPER
Technology Based Education: How can theories of learning and/or development be used to guide the use of technology in schools?
Introduction
Twenty first century learning environment is no longer a goal, but an educational reality. We are deep into the midst of a paradigm shift that spans across our entire globe. The technology we live with as a society has exponentially grown at an increasingly rapid rate. This is illustrated from the integration of computers in every facet of our lives. This includes televisions, phones, cars, and even coffee makers which all contain a microprocessor, they all think. Even more startling is how connected we all are. Access to information is available at a finger’s touch. We can connect to people, we can shop, and ask for directions from anywhere at any time. We are tethered to the world by social media such as Facebook. Google has mapped out the entire earth. We can send a text message from the middle of Antarctica. Even more startling is how corporations and the government collects data as they track our ever movement as we go online. All this is reflected upon education, which mirrors this new 21st century society. No longer is the classroom isolated from the world, but it too is connected. Learning technology is critical more than ever because it impacts skills and productivity (Hall, 2011) for both the student and the teacher.
Background
Incorporating technology into the classroom has been around since computers were invented, but it has been only recently been the norm in the last few years. This revolution no more pointedly reflected in our education system, than it is today. Johri (2011) states that although digital information technologies in education has become commonplace, there are few guiding frameworks or theories that explains the relationship between technology and learning practices. Bennett and Oliver (2011) share that view. Research has focused on practical implementation versus the theory and application of the technology. They explained once theories are developed, a better understanding of effective technology based pedagogy would occur.
Technology in Education
I believe however, all the theorists play well with technology. Technology is merely a tool. Its strength is the ability to facilitate. John Dewey is a prime example. He believed in “learning by doing”. With an iPad there is an App where by students are able to see the stars and the constellation. With the use of satellites and GPS held within the piece of technology, students are able to view exact locations of stars. Where the iPad is directed in the sky, the stars would be in that location on the handheld screen, no telescope necessary. The students interact with the material to gain knowledge.
This is further illustrated by this second example. The best way to learn about Mayan pyramids is to actually visit one in Central America. With the use of laptops, students can connect to the Discove.
Sample Action Research Report 1 Effect of Technol.docxagnesdcarey33086
Sample Action Research Report 1
Effect of Technology on Enthusiasm for Learning Science
Jane L. Hollis
Lake City Middle School
Lake City, Florida
ABSTRACT
The effect of technology on students’ enthusiasm for learning science (both at school and
away from school) was investigated. Pre- and post-student and parent surveys, student and
parent written comments, and teacher observations were used to record changes in enthusi-
asm for learning science during a six-week study period.
In this study, I investigated how the integration of technology into my middle school
science curriculum would impact my students’ enthusiasm for learning science. Enthusiasm
for learning science can be defined as the students’ eagerness to participate in science activi-
ties in the classroom, as well as away from school. My motivation for focusing on technol-
ogy was twofold. First, I have had an interest in integrating technology into my students’
studies of science for some time. Secondly, the funding for technological equipment and
software recently became available. During the 1993–1994 school year, my school was
awarded a $115,000 incentive grant to purchase equipment and software and to train
teachers in the use of this software and technological equipment. One of the stipulations of
the grant was that the equipment and software must be for student use.
According to Calvert (1994), American education is a system searching for solutions.
Our children drop out, fail to sustain interest in learning, and perform below capacity. Some
have argued that television is the culprit. Others have argued that computers may be the
answer.
Today’s middle school students have grown up in a technological world with television,
electronic toys, video games, VCRs, cellular phones, and more. They are accustomed to
receiving and processing information through multi-sensory sources.
I wanted to bring technology into my classroom and incorporate it into my science
curriculum using multimedia computer presentations. Barbara ten Brink (1993) noted, “. . .
students look to us [teachers] to prepare them for an increasingly technological world.
Fortunately, with videodiscs, we are meeting the challenge by delivering curriculums in
ways that engage, motivate, and thrill our students.” In this study my students had an
opportunity to use assorted multimedia technology as they explored a segment of a middle
school science curriculum.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS
Learning is an extremely complex human process. During my twenty-four years of teaching
I have used many strategies to enhance student learning and to teach new concepts. I am still
not convinced that I thoroughly understand how children learn. Yet, at this point, I do
believe children learn through experiences. They build on past experiences and previous
knowledge to process new concepts. As children redefine old understandings of concepts
and integrate new experiences into thei.
Sample Case with a report Dawit Zerom, Instructor Cas.docxagnesdcarey33086
Sample Case with a report
Dawit Zerom, Instructor
Case Study: Ft. Myers Home Sales
Due to a crisis in subprime lending, obtaining a mortgage has become difficult even for
people with solid credit. In a report by the Associated Press (August 25, 2007), sales of
existing homes fell for a 5th consecutive month, while home prices dropped for a record
12th month in July 2007. Mayan Horowitz, a research analyst for QuantExperts, wishes to
study how the mortgage crunch has impacted the once booming market of Florida. He
collects data on the sale price (in $1, 000s) of 25 single-family homes in Fort Myers,
Florida, in January 2007 and collects another sample in July 2007. For a valid
comparison, he samples only three bedroom homes, each with 1,500 square feet or less of
space on a lot size of 10, 000 square feet or less.
Excel data are available in Titanium page.
Use the sample information (appropriate descriptive statistics) to address the following
aspects. Your report should not exceed one page.
1. Compare the mean and median in each of the two sample periods.
2. Compare the standard deviation and coefficient of variation in each of the two sample
periods. Also incorporate quartiles.
3. Discuss significant changes in the housing market in Fort Myers over the 6-month
period.
Sample Case with a report
Dawit Zerom, Instructor
Sample Report
The steady stream of dismal housing market statistics lately is a clear indication that the national
real estate market is in a serious crisis. The uncertainty is also forcing lenders to slow down on
their lending, and as a result obtaining a mortgage is becoming increasingly difficult even for
people with solid credit. In light of this situation, Mayan Horowitz conducts a small study to
learn if the national trend also affects the once booming market of Florida by focusing on Fort
Myers, Florida. To see the trend of the housing market over a 6-month period, he obtains price of
25 single family homes in January 2007 and another comparable 25 single family homes in July
2007. Table 1 below shows the most relevant descriptive analysis.
The average home price in January of 2007 was $231, 080 versus $182, 720 in July of the same
year. That is about a 21% drop in the average home price. Also in January, half of the homes
sold for more than $205,000, versus only $180,000 in July (see the median). Since the mean is
more effected by outliers (in this case, a few relatively high prices), the median is an appropriate
measure of central location.
While measures of central location typically represent where the data clusters, these measures do
not relay information about the variability in the data. Both the standard deviation and the
coefficient of variation are higher in January indicating that home prices were more dispersed in
January. Further, while 25% of the houses were sold at the price of $158, 000 or less in Janua.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Running head SOCIAL BEHAVIOR EVOLUTION AND ARISING OPPORTUNITIES .docx
1. Running head: SOCIAL BEHAVIOR EVOLUTION AND
ARISING OPPORTUNITIES 1
SOCIAL BEHAVIOR EVOLUTION AND ARISING
OPPORTUNITIES 21
The Evolution of Social Behavior and Opportunities That Arise
y
CA499
Prof
12014
Abstract
Social evolution is inherent to human society since man is
constantly interacting with technological, economic,
demographic, and social forces. These changes do not follow a
specific channel, but the result is creation of new social needs
and wants. “Public good capitalism” dictates that though
businesses emerge to make profit, they also need to meet a
2. social need. The sexual revolution, the women rights activism,
and the gay and lesbian rights movements agitated for rights
equality, but they also created social vacuums, ergo creating
business opportunities for entrepreneurs. Nonetheless, each
social evolution creates unique needs and wants, meaning
business opportunities are not uniform for all social changes.
The Evolution of Social Behavior and Opportunities That Arise
A defining feature of mankind is the ability to organize, and
socialize with the immediate environment, which can either be
the natural environment, social groups and organizations. While
this feature largely relates to man’s propensity to make the best
of most situations, such as living communally to offer greater
protection to society members; it also relates to the innate
nature of man’s curiosity. Yeats and Yeats (2007) observe that
curiosity in man fuels the need to learn, and investigate, and can
only be satisfied “. . . behaviorally through exploration”, and
this in turn helps man attain goals and make decisions (p. 118).
This also implies that man acts in specific ways due to the
curiosity aroused within, and this leads to change in behavior
over time, since man is always exploring new possibilities and
ideas.
However, more than act out of the simple drive to quench
3. curiosity, individuals in society also act due to other motives.
Whitworth and Whitworth (2010) point out that man in society
acts out of self and social interests, in both the natural and
social world. Therefore, when an individual starts a business,
the aim is to make profit, but at the same time, meet a social
need. This is the reason in the first civilized nations, individuals
decided to cooperate so that fighting enemies and securing food
could be easier; thus in this instance, man cooperates with other
people, in order to meet the selfish motive of self preservation.
Whitworth and Whitworth (2010) add that human evolution
paralleled social and technical evolutions, and is the reason man
started living communally; social evolution dictated that
forceful taking of items from other people was wrong, hence the
commencement of simple trade.
Over millennia, social behavior has evolved, causing changes in
social structures and paradigms. This is because individuals in
society, who make up social structures and adhere to societal
paradigms, primarily drive changes in social behavior. This is a
premise Ross (2012) supports, stating that although
explanations of social changes are en masse; the actions of the
individual members of society are what explain the root cause
of any social change or evolution. In addition, Ross (2012)
argues that social evolution leads to increased individualism,
which in turn spurs further change in social behavior and
subsequent social evolution. This is the reason changes in social
behavior have led to opportunities for companies and
organizations because social evolution imply that new needs and
wants are created by the change in behavior of all or part of
society members. Thus, “public good capitalism” emerges to
cater for the new needs brought on by changes in social
behavior (Whitworth & Whitworth, 2010). Social behavior in
man has been evolving in tandem with technical and
organizational changes in society. This has led to societal wide
changes in social behavior; and created new opportunities for
businesses to fill gaps left by these changes; and therefore, the
evolution of social behavior has over time been giving
4. entrepreneur’s new opportunities.
Factors Affecting Social Behaviors
Social behaviors have been evolving for as long as man
has been around. This is because changes in living conditions
and the environment dictate that man adapts in order to
optimize their chances of survival (Boesch, 2012). For instance,
in the first civilizations; societies had to discover the “golden
rule” of not pillaging each other in order to live peacefully, and
instead chose to trade what they had with what they needed
(Whitworth & Whitworth, 2010). This meant that individuals in
society could live in harmony, leading to tighter bonds between
members of the same community, and increasing the odds of
survival. Boesch (2012) also supports this outlook citing an
experiment on chimpanzees and human beings that showed both
mammals usually changed their social behavior in order to solve
problems, and care for weaker members of a social group.
Therefore, the external environment is a great motivation for
human beings to change behavior in order to maximize their
chances of survival. Nelson (2006) adds to this premise, arguing
that social evolution resides in culture itself “. . . as a body of
practice, beliefs, values, and norms, that are broadly shared
within a society” (p. 504). So, the direct interactions of human
beings, their environemt, as well as cultural compomnents of
society contribute to social evolution.
Apart from changing behavior in order to survive in the
external environment, technological changes in the environment
also lead to change in social behavior. The main reason for this
is that exposing an individual to a new way of doing the same
thing, implies that interaction with the process changes, leading
to a change in behavior. This is an outlook Duckworth (2009)
clearly states arguing that:
Behavior is thought to primarily drive evolutionary change
because a change in behavior that results in a switch to a new
environment or new way of interacting with the environment
exposes organisms to novel selection pressures resulting in
evolution of . . . life history and physiology. (p. 14).
5. Thus, implying that introduction of a new technology, gives
individuals more choice on how to interact with the
environment, and in extension other people because the
technology has created a new social paradigm. This is a premise
Greenwood and Guner (2010) buttress stating that social
evolution relates to technological changes in society, which
affect the production and consumption abilities; which create an
incentive to individuals not to abide by social mores and
customs. So, when people start changing their behavior in order
to take advantage of new opportunities, societal wide changes
emerge, leading to a social evolution (Greenwood & Guner,
2010). For instance, the development of the contraceptive pill
in the sixties, led to the sexual revolution because attitudes on
sex and the fear of getting pregnant changed since, a new
technology (the pill) had shattered any fears of sexual activity
before marriage (Greenwood & Guner, 2010).
Finally, an explanation of the evolution of social behavior is in
cooperation in joint enterprises in society. De Silva et al. (2010)
states that in cooperation in joint enterprises, individuals often
act selfishly, looking to reap more than they put in such
situations. This is because individuals try to make sure that they
use as little personal resources as possible, yet gain as much as
possible from the rest of society. However, in case participation
in the joint enterprise is voluntary, participants will often join
in even when altruism, where other people reap all benefits of a
contribution, is strong (De Silva et al., 2010). Therefore, in the
case of social change, such as the fight for racial equality, only
a few individuals drive the evolution, because the social order
of the day resists the sought after change and sanctions such as
jail may be in the offing. Society members may also not join the
movement if asked to, but if society members see the benefits
inherent in the social change, then they are likely to participate
in the social change, even though they personally may not live
to see the benefits of the same. Therefore, the reasons why
social evolutions take place are many and varied, ranging from
technological and environmental changes, to innate factors in
6. human beings such as the desire to create a better society.
The Revolution of Social Evolution
Social evolution in societies takes place over a long
period. This is because though measured at a societal level,
social evolution propagates through individuals in society. A
premise Ross (2012) concurs with noting that “. . . actions of
collectives must ultimately decompose into, and this be
explained by reference to, actions of their individual members”
(p. 3). Nevertheless, in order for social evolution to take place,
there has to be a tipping point; a revolution that triggers the
start of the social evolution. Rousseau (2006) argues that while
specific historical changes are hard to predict, the major
triggers of social change fall into four variables: technological,
environmental, economic, and demographic.
To illustrate these variables Rousseau (2006) offers an example
of a primitive society that is undergoing growth, in order to
survive, the society forms a language so that communication
becomes easier, and this can help that particular society survive
since members of that society can communicate and direct each
other to food, and warn each other on danger. Again, to
illustrate the variable of environment, Wasielesk and Hayibor
(2009) explain that in the establishment of organizations, values
such as altruism, reciprocity and social exchange emerge
because in the specific environment of the business
organization, these values are important in helping the business
survive. Finally, to illustrate the variable of technology, Cohen
(2012) argues that when the contraceptive pill was developed in
the sixties, sexual attitudes and behavior in society changed
because the risk inherent in sexual intercourse; pregnancy, was
removed and this liberated sexual activity to the masses; the
married and unmarried who did not now face the risk of
pregnancy. Thus, specific changes in social behavior emerge
due to the need to adapt to new conditions of life, and these
changes only begin with a trigger; a revolution that signals the
start of a social evolution.
Evolutions in Social Behavior
7. Over the years, there have been major evolutions in social
behavior in human society. These changes have either affected
the whole society, or a part of society, and this is what has
determined how fast adoption of changes in social behavior
takes place. A number of factors have driven social evolutions
over the years, and the speed at which the evolution has taken
place has been determined by the technology of the era. This
therefore, means that as technology progressed, social
evolutions took place much faster, and adopted by the public at
a slightly faster pace than the evolution preceding it.
The Sexual Revolution
The sexual revolution was one of the major social changes
in society in the Twentieth century. This revolution challenged
traditional outlooks of sex, interpersonal relationships, and
sexual behavior and attitudes (Smith, 1990). The desire by
women to break the chains of male dominance and servitude in
social and sexual matters, and the development of new
technology fueled the revolution. According to Cohen (2012),
before the advent of the contraceptive pill, unmarried women
had little say when it came to sex, because sexual intercourse
carried the risk of pregnancy, which in turn could lead to unsafe
illegal abortions, forced marriages and single motherhood;
choices that society greatly frowned upon. Therefore, the
invention of the contraceptive pill meant that erstwhile sexual
mores were no longer valid because the risk inherent in sexual
intercourse; pregnancy was removed. In addition, by having the
power to engage in premarital sex, the sexual revolution driven
by the development of the contraceptive pill meant that women
had greater control over their lives, since they could delay
marriage and having children. In fact, Cohen (2012) observes
that the sexual revolution enhanced economic power among
women, because delayed marriage and procreation meant that
women could pursue their careers and other economic activities
wholly. This meant that women became breadwinners, and
competed on an almost level footing with men in the labor
market.
8. Today, sexual activity and attitudes towards sex are more
open than ever before. Sexual debut among teenagers and young
people has considerably lowered, and more young people are
having premarital sex than ever before. Greenwood and Guner
(2010) point out that in 2002, around 75% of all teenagers had
experienced premarital sex, compared to around 6% in 1900,
mainly because sexual desire among women is no longer
contained within the confines of marriage. In addition, this care
free attitude towards sex has also led to serious social
outcomes. Malhotra (2008) observes that today, 19 million
Sexually Transmitted Illnesses (STIs) occur yearly, with half of
the cases occurring in young people aged 15 and 24. In addition,
early sexual debut also leads to the inability to form healthy
long term relationships and altered self esteem (Malhotra,
2008). Therefore, the sexual revolution not only freed women
from the chains of male dominance, it also led to increased
economic independence and forever changed the standards and
attitudes that society applies to sex.
Women Rights Activism
The women rights activism was one of the most important
social evolutions to man because it affected women from all
walks of life, and from all over the world. In addition, the
women rights activist movement is considered an important
social evolution because more than agitate for the social,
economic, and political rights of women, it also aided the rest
of society in eliminating injustices in social, economic, and
political spheres for all (Alonso, 1993). This is because
attainment of rights by women could only be through change of
policies so that all human beings could have equal rights. The
women rights movement did not originate at a single point in
time, rather it was a movement that started spontaneously by
women from various spheres of life. Alonso (1993) observes
that the women rights movement originated from churches,
women clubs all over the country and other social movements
such as the abolitionist movement in the nineteenth century. All
these origins had a different agenda, but the common thread that
9. linked them, and which ultimately led to the women rights
movement was that they were all fighting for the equality of
women in society. Nevertheless, the basis of the women rights
movement was the blatant inequalities between men and women
and society, and the lack of opportunity for women.
Hawkesworth (2006) argues that issues such as coerced
contraception, malnutrition, forced sterilization, unwanted
sexual relations, violence at home, and poor maternal and child
care were major triggers in the development of the women
rights movement. Additionally, denial of rights to own property,
gain custody of children, and even vote were also major triggers
in the development of the women rights movement.
The women rights activism was a significant social evolution
because it was a social change that not only led to society
ceding rights to women, but also aided in the creation of a
nation where all members are equal. Specifically, the women
rights movement was key in agitating for the abolition of
slavery. Alonso (1993) shows that as early as 1832, Elizabeth
Chandler a women rights crusader was stating that slavery
should end and women could help by standing for other women
in enslavement. Furthermore, a number of women rights
activists compared slavery to life as a woman because both were
“. . . kept in subjection by physical; force” and considered more
like property than human beings (Alonso, 1993, p. 32).
Therefore, women rights activism helped push along the
abolition of slavery and realization of equal rights for all.
Nonetheless, although the women rights movement are traceable
to the nineteenth century, it is still ongoing as women continue
for equality in all spheres of life, including education, and
employment opportunities. For example, the fight to have the
contraceptive available to all women regardless of marriage
status relates to the women rights movement because it was a
fight to give women control over their lives and sexuality. In
addition, gender based affirmative actions also related to the
women rights movement because it entails the struggle to have
equal representation for women in education, employment, and
10. opportunities in life.
Racial and Civil Rights Movement
Racial inequality and race have been important elements in the
creation of the American nation. This is because the nation was
built on the premise of political and religious freedom, as well
as economic liberty. However, below the America dream, the
nation was built on the shoulders of inequality, oppression,
slavery and denial of fundamental freedoms based on race
(Wright & Rogers, 2011). Today, minorities in the United States
lag in virtually all areas of social life, likely to be poor than
whites, earn 40% less than whites, get inferior education, live in
poorer neighborhoods and generally have lower quality of life
(Bonilla-Silva, 2013). This situation is made more glaring when
most people in the United States claim that they are not racists,
and neither do they condone it (Bonilla-Silva, 2013). Therefore,
although the American society is one of the most democratic
espousing values such as freedom and equality, it is still
engaged in a fight with an unseen enemy: racism. Racism links
to slavery on the premise that slave owners had to look for
reasons as to why slaves could not be free. Thompson (2003) in
a critical paper on racism states that the main slaves were
though of as dim witted, and incapable of being let to live on
the mercy of their limited mental capacity; therefore, it was
necessary that that are enslaved to prolong their lives. It was for
this reason, and more stereotypes that fueled the need for the
racial evolution.
The drive of the racial evolution was the desire to have equal
rights for all men regardless of race, gender, or social standing.
In fact, this evolution is fundamental in today’s society because
it espouses the most basic human right; freedom and as such
other social evolutions like the gays and lesbians movements
have staked their foundation on this evolution. Wright and
Rogers (2011) explains the accomplishment of racial evolution
was through the civil rights movement, abolition of legal
segregation laws and statutes, and continuous breaking down of
economic and cultural supports of racism. An example of the
11. laws demolished during the racial evolution was the court case
Brown vs. Board of Education, where the United States
Supreme Court rules that segregating school children on the
basis of race was tantamount to inequality and hence
unconstitutional (Warren, 1954).
Nonetheless, the fight for racial equality has been a long
struggle, and one that has reaped benefits because today,
although inequalities still exist in income, housing, education
and access to credit between whites and minority groups, these
gaps have reduced compared to the fifties. In addition, gains in
the political sphere have also been monumental, as illustrated
by the election of a black president (Wright & Rogers, 2011).
The Fight for Gay and Lesbian Rights
Today, public opinions concerning the rights of gay lesbian
rights are multifaceted; because of the public debate on whether
these rights are moral or good for the family (Wittkopf, 2004).
This means that gays and lesbians have support in some part by
the public, but face castigation for their sexual orientation on
the other end. Ferry (2013) explains that the main aim of
lesbian and gay organizations is in essence to have basic equal
rights, similar to those share by the larger, normative society
made of heterosexuals. This is the reason today, most gay and
lesbian organization argue that “we’re just like you,” in an
effort to make the rest of society understand that they are no
different from them (Ferry, 2013, p. 105).
However, the fight for gay and lesbian rights is an uphill task
because more than facing opposition from part of the public,
they also face opposition from a number of religions as well as
the conservative wings of government. For instance, Herek,
Chopp and Strohl (2007) point out that most Christian
denominations vilify gay and lesbianism and most force gay and
lesbian members “. . . to remain invisible although their sexual
orientation is open secret to the full congregation” (p. 50). In
addition, most states in the United States do not allow sex
marriages, as well as adoption of children by same sex partners
(Herek et al., 2007).
12. The black civil rights movement and the women’s liberation
movement marked by the sexual revolution of the sixties fueled
the development of the gay and lesbian rights movement.
Therefore, the gay and lesbian movement developed along the
same lines as these movements even using some of their tactics
such as civil disobedience and protest. In addition, the gay and
lesbian movement tried to appeal to the American public that it
was agitating for freedom, a concept most Americans, who were
enjoying a liberalized sexual outlook, at the time supported
(Johnson, 2009).
It is also the premise of freedom and personal rights that makes
the fight for gay and lesbian rights a landmark social evolution.
This is because sexual orientation is a private matter, and the
right to have any sexual orientation is personal choice.
Therefore, if society cedes the fight for gay and lesbian rights,
then human society will have passed a milestone in human
sociology and the perception of rights in society. Chasin (2001)
affirms this point by arguing that the fight for gay and lesbian
rights is a fight for identity, and identity relates to liberalism,
which often seeks to “. . . insulate public-or- political matters
from private matters”, and it is the state that often fixes the
insulation (p. 16). So, by attaining the rights for gays and
lesbians worldwide, the society will have passed the threshold
where the state is supreme to the rights and identity of the
individual. Nonetheless, this outlook is yet to come, because
support for gays and lesbians rights is partial, and laws to
protect this group minimal. In addition, gays and lesbians
continue to face stigmatization, and face sexual prejudice from
the rest of society.
Technological Evolution
The current age is widely regarded as the information age
and with good reason. Today, 85% of homes in America have
multichannel TV, two thirds can access the internet, and another
two thirds use wireless carriers for communicating, with the rest
13. relying on landlines (Lin & Atkin, 2009). This means that at any
given time, information is always flowing from person to
person. Furthermore, the advent of social media has heralded a
new age of communicating and interacting. Ellison (2007)
explains that social networking sites such as Facebook and
MySpace have changed social interaction because now people
who would not have met physically are doing so through latent
ties, probably between mutual friends, the commonality of
location, or even past. When compared to the past when
communication was through the telegraph, a landline phone, and
entertainment was usually a single TV channel, today’s
generation has grown a mile apart from erstwhile generations.
Tapscott (2008) argues that the net generation (N-
Generation), aged between 0 and 20 years are technologically
savvy than any other age group. They are smart, focused,
curious, and high in self esteem and offer the greatest cultural
challenge to baby boomers through their use of technology
(Tapscott, 2008). This generation can access information at the
click of a button, and the invention of devices such as the
Smartphone has ensured that information sharing is fast and
easy. In addition, the net generation considers the internet an
integral part of their lives, and it is for this reason that a
generation gap has come up.
Evolution of Social Behavior and Opportunities That Arise
Social change not only affects behavior, it also has the
capacity to affect social structures, organizations and create
new opportunities for entrepreneurs, and or individuals in
society. This is because social changes in society do not occur
in isolation, since man perpetuates them, and they affect man.
For instance, Hauert (2006) argues that in structured societies,
individuals often specialize and diversify spontaneously into
individuals who invest either little or a lot into society. This
therefore, implies that in case of a social change, then
individuals in society either work towards building society via
the new change or ignore the change, so that “. . . homogeneous
populations with uniform investment levels” becomes the
14. exception rather than the norm (Hauert, 2006, p. 332). For
instance, the adoption of technology has led individuals to
invest a lot in society because technology is the future, and
almost everyone has adopted it. Ross (2012) also supports this
argument stating that although measurement of social changes is
communal, it is by examining the individual that the cause and
effect of a change comes out clearly.
In addition, because social changes create gaps in society,
businesses, which serve the public good, but still aim for profit;
fill the void left by the changes (Whitworth & Whitworth,
2010). Bergman (2002) lends credibility to this argument
pointing out that Darwin’s theory of survival promoted
capitalism, which is individualistic in nature and where
exploitative economics is the norm. Thus, weaker businesses
and social structures give way to stronger ones, and changes in
society create opportunities, best exploited by businesses with
the ability to do so. It is for this reason that social evolution,
more than create behavior change, and change social structures,
such as creation of an equal society through the abolition of
slavery, gender discrimination, and racism; has created
economic opportunities for entrepreneurs.
Sexual Revolution and Arising Business Opportunities
According to Smith (1990) the sexual revolution primarily
dealt with changing traditional attitudes towards sex, sexual
behaviors, and interpersonal relationships. The development of
the contraceptive pill jump started the revolution, and it meant
that women more than ever had control over their sexuality,
could determine when to get married, and when to get children
(Cohen, 2012) Therefore, women could pursue careers, and join
the labor market, and this created a new economic class, one
which entrepreneurs took advantage of.
To start with, women started dressing differently,
predominantly in short stylish skirts, heels, and using makeup.
In addition, discos sprouted all over the country as a response to
the new awakened sexuality among both genders. For instance,
McGill (1980) points out that discos were responses to the fact
15. that people were now aware of their sexuality, and the discos
offered a chance to creatively express this feeling in public.
Similarly, during the sexual revolution clothing took on the job
of showing off the sexual awakening among people. Again,
McGill (1980) observes that clothes were chosen because they
could be used to show sex appeal, impact people visually and
engage wearers in fantasy. Therefore, it is evident that due to
the sexual revolution, new gaps in society were created, and
entrepreneurs filled these gaps by creating businesses.
The Gay and Lesbian Rights Movement and Arising Business
Opportunities
The fight for gay and lesbian rights largely relates to the fight
for individual identity in the larger society. This is because the
fight for these rights is so that society looks upon the gay and
lesbian community as similar to the rest of society.
Nevertheless, similar to other social evolutions, the fight for
gay and lesbian rights has also created opportunities for
entrepreneurs primarily because of the refusal by mainstream
society to cede ground to the gay and lesbian community.
To illustrate this, Clendinen and Nagourney (2001) point
out that when the gay and lesbian evolution begun in the sixties,
social amenities to host gay couples were lacking, and as a
result, gay bars sprouted. Gay couples loved gay bars because
they offered shelter, freedom, romance, seduction, friendship,
and escape; however, since most bars were not officially
sanctioned, drinks were overpriced, and social interactions such
as hugging, kissing and holding hands limited (Clendinen &
Nagourney, 2001). However, today, gay bars have sprouted in
almost every city in the world, due to the fact that gays and
lesbians live in most societies, and these bars offer a safe haven
from a society yet to accept them wholly. As Wittkopf (2004)
observes, public opinion among gays is multifaceted with some
people supporting them, condemning them, or simply positively
attuned to their cause.
In addition, to the development of gay bars, the gay and
lesbian revolution has also led to additional opportunities for
16. entrepreneurs, largely explained by the rise of the consumer
economy marked by globalization, hyper segmentation and
hyper specialization (Chasin, 2001). Today, marketers and
producers have realized that a market for gays and lesbians
exists and this in turn has created business opportunities. For
instance, gay themed movies and Broadway productions target
gays and lesbians, while service organizations on the internet
like gay dating and chat rooms have also come up to meet the
unmet needs of gays and lesbians (Chasin, 2001). Ferry (2013)
also adds that marketers and businesses have recognized “. . .
the untapped gay and lesbian consumers that they can target to
increase revenues” (p. 110). And it is for this reason that
production and marketing of gay shows and products take place.
In addition, the media and marketers having noticed the ready
embracing of the consumerist culture by gays and lesbians are
repackaging queerness so that it resembles “. . . straight people,
only more fashionable and sassy” (Ferry, 2013, p. 110).
Women Rights Activism and Arising Business Opportunities
The women rights activism was concerned with the brazen
disregards of women rights in regards to that of men. It was also
concerned with attaining social, economic, and political rights
of women (Alonso, 1993). While the fight to attain equal rights
targeted women, it was instrumental in propelling other social
movements such as the sexual revolution and fight for racial
equity because it too, operated on the premise of attaining
personal rights. It is also for this reason, that the women rights
revolution created business opportunities for entrepreneurs.
When the women rights movement began, most women
were either stay at homes mums, or were waiting to be married
and raise families on their own. This was the expected route for
all women. However, when the women rights movement began,
women found out that there was more than family life, and when
the sexual revolution began, women finally had the chance to
delay marriage, explore sexual desires, and even decide when to
have children. The effect of this was that women could get
higher education, get employed, and even pursue careers. This
17. therefore means that a new market for products and services
arose, primarily made up of single women, with or without
children and with economic spending power.
Doepke, Tertilt and Voena (2012) assert this point, arguing that
in the past women could “. . . not own property or sign
contracts, they had no control over their own body, they could
not vote, they had no legal way to end a marriage” (p. 1).
However, grating of these rights meant, women could own
property, meaning that they had access to credit, opening up
more businesses for banks. In addition, due to the sexual
revolution, marketers, having recognized a new market, in lieu
of the modern liberated woman, who also had access to money,
again due to a liberated labor market, started targeting women.
Chaves (2011) affirms this, arguing that during the sexual
revolution, the economy shifted from a production based one, to
a consumption based economy where the concept of “. . .
pleasure, self gratification, and personal satisfaction” were
advocated for (p. 6). This meant that unlike in the past, where
women were partners of men, good only for staying at home; the
sexual revolution changed this perception, and women took on
an individual outlook, defined as individuals rather than
partners to their male counterparts. Thus, the sexual revolution
changed the concept of woman, from “. . . everyday life and
matrimony” to life defined by “. . . personal growth and
satisfaction based on individual preferences . . . the concepts of
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” (Chaves, 2011, p.
70).
Conclusion
Social evolution in human society offers a unique premise to
study and determine the effects and outcomes of social changes
to organizations, societies, individuals, and businesses. This is
because as long as man exists, social changes will always form
a part of life, and since these changes take place within society,
their effects reverberate through all society. Triggers of social
change include current technology, environment, economy, and
demographic features, and understanding these trigger points in
18. history, can point out major social evolutions (Rousseau, 2006).
Nonetheless, a major outcome of social change is the resultant
gap in society marked by new needs and wants, non existent
before the social change, and the subsequent opportunities for
entrepreneurs.
Over time, the evolution of social behavior has been creating
new business opportunities for entrepreneurs, mainly because of
new social needs and wants. However, the new needs and wants
are not similar in all social evolutions, meaning that
entrepreneurs need to understand the evolution and its effects
before identifying business opportunities. Therefore, a further
area of research could be exploring the link between resultant
entrepreneurship to social change, and the effects that
entrepreneurship has to subsequent social evolutions.
This paper examines various social evolutions and resulting
business opportunities in an effort to determine the
entrepreneurial choices available. The sexual revolution of the
sixties led to a new mode of dressing, the popularization of
discotheques and the creation of a modern woman capable of
spending her own money. On the other hand, the women rights
movement increased the rights of women, making them equal in
the eyes of the law; creating opportunities in education and
employment. Finally, the gay and lesbian rights movements has
created new opportunities for business, since gay bars have
sprouted to cater to this social group that is yet to gain total
acceptance by mainstream society, and marketers and the media
have also cashed in on this social group, marketing them as fun
loving, fashionable and worldly.
In the past, social evolutions took time, because the technology
at the time hindered rapid communication, and because of the
novelty of social evolutions and movements. Nonetheless,
today, technology has literally made communication
instantaneous, implying that future social evolutions will take a
shorter period to mature. This in turn implies that resulting
social gaps will need fast filling, before the next social
evolution begins.
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