Running head SERVING LEARNING ORGANIZATION ROUGH DRAFT1SERVI.docx

Running head: SERVING LEARNING ORGANIZATION
ROUGH DRAFT 1
SERVING LEARNING ORGANIZATION ROUGH DRAFT 2
Serving Learning Organization – Rough Draft
Ray Wilson
University
Combatting Senior Isolation with Volunteerism
Senior isolation is a social issue that many of our senior
citizens face today. It is estimated that 40% of our senior
population suffers from senior isolation. Senior isolation in the
elderly has been linked to an increase in illnesses, mortality,
depression, elder abuse and a higher incidence of the elderly
needing long term care services. It is one of the largest risks to
our aging senior’s health and well-being. Volunteer work can
help combat senior isolation and have a positive impact on a
senior’s health. Senior citizens make up 15.2 percent of the
total population of the United States according to the 2016

census bureau and it is reported that by 2060 the number of
senior citizens will double. Senior volunteer programs that
promote involvement can assist in combating isolation and the
negative health consequences while keeping our seniors healthy
and active within their communities.
Senior Corps is an organization that currently engages
roughly 220,000 older adults between the ages of 55 and above
within America in service to their communities through its
Foster Grandparent, Senior companion and RSVP programs
according to Nationalservice.gov. Utilizing the strengths and
assets of our seniors today not only keeps our seniors from
isolation but also benefits the communities in which they live.
The primary focus of Senior corps is to utilize the strengths,
skills and attributes of seniors 55 and above to help tutor,
mentor, care for and volunteer to meet the needs of others
within their community while also having mutually positive
benefits to the health and wellness of the aging senior
population. Senior Corp programs not only improve the lives of
those served but also the lives of the senior volunteers.
Service learning opportunities within Senior Corps could
produce beneficial outcomes for the American communities that
Senior Corps volunteers, the partnering universities and the
student service learners reside. The collegiate service learning
students can play an instrumental role in increasing awareness
with marketing strategies including recruitment events and
informative meetings to promote participation, and enrollment
into the programs. Creating and implementing marketing plans
while utilizing their technology skills and social media
platforms, collegiate service learners can assist Senior Corps in
increasing the number of senior volunteers enrolled within each
of the programs. Intergenerational learning can promote
valuable relationships and partnerships that help bridge the
generation gap. Service learners in intergeneration settings
report “positive outcomes related to a better understanding of
the older generation, enjoyment of interacting with the elders,
appreciation of the life experiences and personal insights shared

by the elders, and most importantly, they agreed that
intergenerational learning was achieved” Tarn, M. (2014).
Senior adults report physical health, mental health, and
decreased morbidity benefits related to volunteerism. Roland,
C., & Van Puymbroeck, M. (2007). Senior volunteerism can
combat senior isolation and lead to health and wellness benefits
for participating seniors. It is vital that more of the senior
population is aware of the risks associated with senior isolation
and get involved. Service learners at Senior Corps can be
instrumental in promoting volunteerism and increase the number
of senior volunteers nationwide.
Senior Corps helps meet many needs of American communities
while also providing benefits to their senior volunteers. The
Senior Corp programs of Foster Grandparent, Senior Companion
and RSVP were originally separate but combined into one
organization in 1993 under the corporation for National and
Community service by president Bill Clinton according to
Nationalservice.gov. Foster Grandparents utilizes the
experiences of the volunteers to assist and tutor children and
mentor children with difficult lives. The Senior Companion
program pairs volunteers with other older Americans that need
assistance with every day activities. The programs goal is to
keep seniors in their homes longer and provide companionship
to the elderly senior and any possible caregivers. The Retired
and Senior Volunteer Program or RSVP program serves a
variety of needs within communities ranging from disaster
relief, education needs to future needs. Utilizing the senior
volunteer strengths gives the senior a sense of community and
also helps diminish biases against the elderly. Service learning
opportunities within Senior Corps have the ability to build
relationships between generations helping to change the way
that younger generations perceive seniors. The learning
experiences within Senior Corp could benefit many different
degree programs ranging from human resources, business
administration, human services and marketing to name a few.
The experience of marketing Senior Corp, recruitment strategies

and administrative duties could be a beneficial attribute for
students in their occupations after graduation.
Senior Corps has partnered in the past with many large
corporations such as the AARP, Catholic Charities, and the
United Way. They also have many corporate supporters such as
Google, Southwest Airlines and Walmart. These partnerships
would provide valuable experiences for the student service
learner to have a greater understanding of how collaboration
from these partnerships leads to new and innovative ideas, a
greater understanding of civic duties and how they can make a
difference within their communities. Student service learners
could collaborate with senior Corp volunteers, corporate
supporters and corporate partnerships to outreach to the
communities and raise funds and supplies needed for the senior
volunteers and the population that they serve. Taking this
intergenerational approach together can benefit both the student
and the senior volunteer. Student learners could be involved in
project management agendas to increase corporate partnerships
with other organizations that would benefit from the skills of
the senior volunteers and assist in meeting their needs of the
organization.
The Senior Corp organization relies on volunteers of the ages
55 and up to provide the volunteer needs of their established
programs. The volunteers work with the organization to decide
the best placement and use of their skills and assets within the
three programs. Service learning students can assist the senior
volunteer with the administrative duties that surround correct
placement within the programs. Increasing senior volunteer
enrollment and senior participation within Senior Corps is vital
for continued growth and success of their organization. Student
service learning opportunities within the recruitment of seniors
can dramatically impact the future of Senior Corp.
Senior Corps approaches the needs of the communities they
serve with mainly a solidarity approach. Challenges of service
learning at Senior Corps may include acceptance, respect,
differences of beliefs associated with diverse locations and

diverse clientele within communities. Addressing these
societal, cultural, and potential risks can also serve as learning
opportunities for the service learning student. The programs are
designed to enhance and set in motion change for the future
populations they serve to work together for betterment of the
community. “Communities must embrace senior citizens as a
resource, instead of considering them merely a client group that
must be served” (Keating, Tornishima, Alessandri, 2002).
Valuing our seniors and bridging the biases associated with
aging can create unified communities of which value is placed
on all ages and lead to increased health and well-being of the
senior population. Shadowing the senior volunteers assigned to
the three programs would enhance the service learning students
understanding of the programs and lead to a greater passion
with recruitment, placement and other administrative aspects
that benefit the senior volunteers. Combining the skill set of
the senior volunteer with a student has shown to “enhance
psychological and social well-being of the older adult and the
student” (Au, A.,Ng,E, Garner, B., Lai, S., & Chan, K. (2015).
Senior Corps vision is to utilize the strengths of the senior
population to strengthen the communities throughout America
by improving the lives of those in need and improving the lives
of seniors. The health benefits of the senior volunteer programs
are reported to decrease health issues, anxiety, depression and
social isolation of the volunteer senior. Senior Corp volunteers
report “enhanced physical capacity, and higher life satisfaction”
according to Senior Corps.com. Wilhelm 2007, reported that
senior volunteeringhelps strengthen social ties during a
potentially difficult time in life. Addressing the community
needs while engaging senior volunteers assists in combating
senior isolation and helps strengthen communities throughout
America. Challenges exist in the marketing to potential senior
volunteers and continued funding to the programs themselves.
Service learning opportunities with a focus on recruitment and
community outreach to senior living communities, community
centers, churches and libraries to name a few can be performed

by the service learning student to help address these challenges
and reach potential volunteers. A study as reported by
SeniorCorps.com in 2014 on their Foster Grandparents and
Senior Companions programs found that approximately 90% of
Foster Grandparents and 83% of Senior Companions were
women. In addition to 41% of Foster Grandparents and 38% of
Senior Companion volunteers were African American.
Recruitment strategies and events to increase the number of
male volunteers paired with strategies and events to increase the
number of volunteers of diversity would assist Senior Corps in
better serving a diverse community. The inequality of gender
situation not only prevents men from enjoying the benefits of
helping others but also deprives charities of their skills
according to Gienow.M. (2009). The student service learners
can personally utilize the information provided by service
learning to “develop strategies, create marketing plans, and
improve internal operations or at a minimum provide reference
or support for their previous thoughts” Visenor, N., Souza, T.,
& Ertmer, J. (2016). Administrative assistance within the
administrative office to keep funding avenues open with items
such as potential grants can also offer student learning
experiences for the student learner. Zedlewski, S. & Schaner S.
(2006) note that Congress should consider the value of
expanding programs that target senior volunteerism such as
Senior Corps and other volunteer opportunities as boomers
approach their retirement years. Volunteering is believed to
assume an especially important role among the elderly,
particularly if they are retired, since it can help protect them
from the pitfalls of retirement, physical decline, and inactivity,
becoming serious leisure, Wilson and Musick (2000).
Participation in volunteer programs and increasing the
awareness of the health benefits can assist in tackling the issues
surrounding senior isolation. Service learning experiences
within Senior Corps has the potential to dramatically increase
the number of senior volunteers participating and increase the
health and wellness of our seniors and future generations.

Promoting senior volunteerism by educating seniors on the risks
associated with senior isolation, by increasing recruitment and
outreach to the senior population. Through service learning at
Senior Corps the students will gain intergenerational
experiences helping address the biases associated with the aging
population and set in motion positive change. Service learners
at Senior Corps would experience collaboration between the
youth and the aging population utilizing resources from both
generations for the betterment of all the communities served.
Increased recruitment of senior volunteers is fundamental to the
health and well-being of our senior population.
REFERENCES
Au, A., Ng, E., Garner, B., Lai, S., & Chan, K. (2015).
Proactive Aging and Intergenerational Mentoring Program to
Promote the Well-Being of Older Adults: Pilot Studies. Clinical
Gerontologist, 38(3), 203–210.
https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2017/cb17-
100.html
Gienow, M. (2009). Wanted: More Men Committing More Time
to Charities. Chronicle of Philanthropy, 21(22), 21.
Keating, L. M., Tomishima, M. A., Foster, S., & Alessandri, M.
(2002). The Effects of a Mentoring Program on At-Risk

Youth. Adolescence, 37(148), 717.
http://www.nationalservice.gov/programs/senior-corps/senior-
corps-and-health-benefits
https://www.nationalservice.gov/programs/senior-corps
Roland, C., & Van Puymbroeck, M. (2007). Research Update:
Seniors Benefit from Volunteerism. Parks & Recreation, 42(5),
26–29.
Tam, M. (2014). Intergenerational Service Learning Between
the Old and Young: What, Why and How. Educational
Gerontology, 40(6), 401–413.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2013.822201
The Health Benefits of Volunteering for Older Americans a
Review of Recent Research, Fact Sheet, May 2012
Visenor, N., Souza, T., & Ertmer, J. (2016). Benefits of
participating in service-learning, business-related classes:
Assessing the impact on community partners. Journal for
Research in Business Education, 58(1), 1-15.
Wilhelm, I. (2007). Volunteering Leads to Longer and Healthier
Life, Report Finds. Chronicle of Philanthropy, 19(15), 33.
Wilson, J., & Musick, M. A. (2000). The effects of volunteering
on the volunteer. Law and Contemporary Problems, 62(4), 141–
168.
Zedlewski, S. & Schaner S. (2006). Older Adults Engaged as
Volunteers. The Retirement Project, Productive Aging. Number
5, pg. 5
Peer Review Rubric
Serving Learning Organization – Rough Draft
Ray Wilson
Meets or Exceeds Established Assignment Criteria

Grading Criteria
Possible Points
Points Awarded
An introduction with a clear thesis statement
15
Fill in
Provide feedback for your score in this category here. Why did
you take points off or why did you provide full points? Include
constructive (positive) comments and recommendations.
Grading Criteria
Possible Points
Points Awarded
Project includes all required topics:
Community Organization, Community Partnerships, Cross-
Cultural Challenges, Humanitarian Considerations, Volunteers,
Roadblocks, Future Vision, Challenges, and Improvements
15
Fill in
Grading Criteria
Possible Points
Points Awarded
Meets project presentation requirements:
Paper – 5-7 pages
Presentation - 8-10 minutes presentation including visual
elements (graphics, pictures, etc.), 150-200 notes per slide, and
recorded voice
Speech - 8-10 minutes and a written script of the
narrative
15

Fill in
Clearly Presents Well-Reasoned Ideas and Concepts
Grading Criteria
Possible Points
Points Awarded
Evidence supporting claims cited throughout the project
15
Fill in
Grading Criteria
Possible Points
Points Awarded
Used a minimum of 10 reputable sources
15
Fill in
Quality of Project
Grading Criteria
Possible Points
Points Awarded
Academic and professional tone and appearance

15
Fill in
Grading Criteria
Possible Points
Points Awarded
Grammar and proofreading
10
Fill in
Conclusion
Grading Criteria
Possible Points
Points Awarded
Total
100
Fill in
Provide an overall conclusion and impression of your peer’s
paper. What did your peer do right? What could they
improve? This should include recommendations and
constructive comments to help your peer improve.
Running head: COMMUNITY POLICING 1

COMMUNITY POLICING 2
Community Policing
Brian McNeil
University
Introduction
Crime is a major cause of economic, social, psychological,
and health impacts on victims and the entire community. Crime
is a critical societal challenge that is detrimental to people’s
and communities’ life. Response to crime has influenced the
society to develop community policing as an institution where
the community partners with the police to create a safe and
secure environment for all. Law and order in the society were
traditionally maintained exclusively by police officers and in
disregard of active collaboration with members of the society.
The police faced challenges in tackling crime and were
criticized for their unfriendly nature when dealing with
members of the public (Mulugeta & Mekuriaw, 2017).
Community policing was established after the realization
of the necessity of community partnership and involvement.
Despite the establishment of community policing and a wide

range of efforts by law enforcing agencies to minimize crime
levels globally, social disorder and crime are still on the rise.
Signs of multiplicity and complexity of criminal acts and
offenses are seen with the growing globalization, urbanization,
and national development. The benefits of service learning in
affecting community policing includes encouraging students to
take part in their own affairs, and to stop seeing police as
strangers or a problem, but see them as developmental partners.
Learners as community members should act as co-producers of
quality police service and justice. Students should conduct
service learning in community policing to involve the entire
society, the police, and the local government to collaborate in
tackling crime.
Community Policing
The policing concept has existed since time immemorial.
The current role of the police is to perform community duties
that were previously conducted by local citizens such as
peacekeeping, dealing with family problems, conducting
emergency services, and providing assistance during civil
emergencies. Community policing differs from the traditional
policing because the police are no longer the sole protectors of
social order and the law as all members of the society are
actively involved in enhancing the quality and safety of
neighborhoods.
Community Organization
The effectiveness of community policing is determined by
the perception of how law enforcers interrelate with the society
and the extent to which police officers believe the public
cooperates with them (Nalla, Modic & Meško, 2014). The
reactive strategies of policing in the past alienated the police
and citizens from one another resulting in a wide range of
reforms instituted by police organizations globally to emphasize
public support. The perceived attitudes by police officers on the
relationship with the community members impact effective
public cooperation with law enforcers and service delivery.
Community policing emphasizes on community organization as

a problem-solving technique establishing a relationship between
the community and police to develop a plan of action to conflict
community problems. Community organization is key in
allowing group cohesion and growth and builds dialogue while
enhancing collaboration. The organization facilitates consensus
and participation within the community in identifying problems
and developing phases of community programs as well as
policies targeting crime prevention (Wiatrowski & Campoverde,
2016). A community partnership in community policing
provides members of the community opportunities to take part
in problem-solving and reflect at the policing process.
Cross-cultural Challenges
Policing in a multicultural society presents a wide range of
issues to the police officers and the community residents. The
most profound change that impact community policing in the
nature of diversity, making police officers struggle with the
issue of race and ethnicity. The struggles have become complex
and challenging because of globalization that has increased the
number of immigrants seeking religious, economic, and political
freedom (Shusta, Levine, Harris & Wong, 2012). Community
policing in a heterogeneous society face considerable
challenged from cross-cultural issues such as language,
ethnicity, culture, and social expectations. Policing is further
challenged by cultural and racial tensions and the strongly held
fear and suspicion of the police officers that immigrants have
from their countries of origin.
Humanitarian Considerations
Community policing has made progress in helping
communities in need through social work. The police
departments work in collaboration with social workers to
address community issues to ensure effective intervention,
prevention, and stabilization. Policing has been a critical part of
social services, working alongside the enforcement of the law
against offenders and victims of crimes. Community policing
also emphasize the importance of police officers remaining
secure, safe, and out of harm's way while performing their wide

range of services (Lamin & Teboh, 2016).
Volunteers
Community policing has a police support volunteer program for
individuals willing to spare their time in assisting the local
police force supporting staff and officers. The volunteers are
involved in general administrative work, manning police station
front counters, and role-playing for staff and officer training.
The skilled volunteers are involved in professional work in
areas such as marketing and social media, vehicle maintenance,
CCTV monitoring, and criminal investigation support.
Volunteering in community policing is essential in involving
the public with policing and to become part of the policing
family with the needs and interests of the community at heart.
Barriers to Community policing
Community policing suffers from inherent problems and
limitations just like any other initiative. The main challenge is
organizing community participation because it involves
addressing multifaceted issues such as managing doubts,
motivating community members, and harmonizing divergent
interests (García Chávez, 2012). Implementation of community
policing is challenged by low awareness level of principles of
community policing among members of the society and law
enforcers as a result of inadequate sensitization and training.
The policing is also inhibited by the accessibility to community
policing resources, administrative and structural weaknesses as
well as socio-cultural issues.
The policing department faces departmental challenges in
hiring, recruiting, and retaining service-oriented officers. Most
departments operate will a large staff shortage, some shortages
being the result of budget cuts, retirement, profession, and lack
of qualified candidates. Policing is also challenged by
disengaged communities, inability to institute change, publics
of public safety, and funding shortfalls.
Future Vision
The community policing is evolving rapidly in most police

departments across the world. As leaders look and plan for the
future on meeting the needs of the continually changing
communities, they should work on how to collaborate with the
society in addressing crime and disorder issues. The efforts
should be sustained to improve the community’s quality of life
over time. Community policing can be advanced to the next
level through consistent and progressive leadership. The efforts
can be achieved by ensuring rank and file officers are
supportive of the community policing philosophy because they
are the front-line of community policing. The future of
community policing can be promoted by cultivating a new
generation of leaders. This can be achieved by the department
taking advantage of training opportunities to improve specific
skills and create leadership abilities (Diamond & Weiss, 2009).
Improvements
Community policing can be improved by addressing
barriers to its implementation. The government in collaboration
with non-governmental organizations should offer in-service
training to law enforcement personnel in community policing
(Brown et al., 2017). The capacity of the community to
participate in community policing effectively should be built by
the community policing forums organizing more sensation
meetings to community members. The community policing
forums and police officers should be provided with adequate
resources by the government in order to conduct their work
effectively. Capacity building of law enforcement authorities
and community forums addressing matters of community
policing administration should be well facilitated by the
government through training. More understanding should be
created to eliminate mistrust that negatively impacts the
implementation of community policing by sensitizing the
government and other stakeholders on the social dynamics of
the community.
Conclusion
Community policing focuses on preventing crime in
collaborative efforts between the police and the society. The

policing is effectively implemented when the police officers are
skilled and trained to mobilize and organize members of the
community to engage actively in the security issues. The gap in
the implementation of community policing can be highlighted
by examining the police department’s activities and seeking
local political support in ensuring an effective future of
community policing. Student learners have a role to play in
engaging in activities that support a broader governance
approach to public safety. Students can also engage in the
policing profession to continue developing and supporting
professional development through training and networking
opportunities to encourage ongoing education.
Reference
Brown, R. T., Ahalt, C., Rivera, J., Stijacic Cenzer, I., Wilhelm,
A., & Williams, B. A. (2017). Good Cop, Better Cop:
Evaluation of a Geriatrics Training Program for Police. Journal
of the American Geriatrics Society, 65(8), 1842-1847.
Diamond, D., & Weiss, D. M. (2009). Community policing:
Looking to tomorrow. US Department of Justice, Office of
Community Oriented Policing Services, Police Executive
Research Forum.
García Chávez, T. G. (2012). Perspectives on community
policing: a social constructivist and comparative analysis
(Doctoral dissertation, University of Birmingham).
Lamin, S. A., & Teboh, C. (2016). Police social work and
community policing. Cogent Social Sciences, 2(1), 1212636.

Mulugeta, E., & Mekuriaw, D. (2017). Community Policing:
Practice, Roles, Challenges and Prospects in Crime Prevention
in East Gojjam Administrative Zone. Sociology and
Criminology-Open Access, 05(01). doi: 10.4172/2375-
4435.1000160
Nalla, M. K., Modic, M., & Meško, G. (2014). Community
Policing Reforms and Organizational Changes: An Assessment
of Officers' Perceptions of Community-Police Relations in
Slovenia1. Revija za kriminalistiko in kriminologijo/Ljubljana,
65(4), 272-286.
Shusta, R. M., Levine, D. R., Harris, P. R., & Wong, H. Z.
(2012). Multicultural law enforcement: Strategies for
peacekeeping in a diverse society. Upper Saddle River, NJ:
Prentice Hall.
Wiatrowski, M. D., & Campoverde, C. (2016). Community
policing and community organization: assessment and consensus
development strategies. Journal of Community Practice, 3(1), 1-
18.
Peer Review Rubric
Community Policing
Brian McNeil
Meets or Exceeds Established Assignment Criteria
Grading Criteria

Possible Points
Points Awarded
An introduction with a clear thesis statement
15
Fill in
Grading Criteria
Possible Points
Points Awarded
Project includes all required topics:
Community Organization, Community Partnerships, Cross-
Cultural Challenges, Humanitarian Considerations, Volunteers,
Roadblocks, Future Vision, Challenges, and Improvements
15
Fill in
Grading Criteria
Possible Points
Points Awarded
Meets project presentation requirements:
Paper – 5-7 pages
Presentation - 8-10 minutes presentation including visual
elements (graphics, pictures, etc.), 150-200 notes per slide, and
recorded voice
Speech - 8-10 minutes and a written script of the
narrative
15
Fill in

Clearly Presents Well-Reasoned Ideas and Concepts
Grading Criteria
Possible Points
Points Awarded
Evidence supporting claims cited throughout the project
15
Fill in
Grading Criteria
Possible Points
Points Awarded
Used a minimum of 10 reputable sources
15
Fill in
Quality of Project
Grading Criteria
Possible Points
Points Awarded
Academic and professional tone and appearance
15

Fill in
Grading Criteria
Possible Points
Points Awarded
Grammar and proofreading
10
Fill in
Conclusion
Grading Criteria
Possible Points
Points Awarded
Total
100
Fill in
Provide an overall conclusion and impression of your peer’s
paper. What did your peer do right? What could they
improve? This should include recommendations and
constructive comments to help your peer improve.

Running head SERVING LEARNING ORGANIZATION ROUGH DRAFT1SERVI.docx

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