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Running head: SAFETY FIRST 1
Safety First: Open Carry Firearms on Higher Education
Campuses in Arizona
Student Name
Columbia Southern University
APA header: Note that the title is in capital letters and prefaced
by the words “Running head.” The page number is also
included.
Full title of the paper with the major words beginning with a
capital letter
The student’s first and last name
Name of the institution, which will always be “Columbia
Southern University”
SAFETY FIRST 2
Safety First: Open Carry Firearms on Higher Education
Campuses in Arizona
Much has been made in the past few years about gun restrictions
in the U.S. Proponents
of gun regulation are in a constant state of lobbying for state
and federal bills that restrict access
to firearms, whether that takes the form of more extensive
background checks on potential gun
owners or longer waiting periods before guns may be sold to
individuals. On the other side, the
National Rifle Association (NRA) and other like-minded
individuals advocate for looser
restrictions on the sale and carrying of firearms. For these
supporters of pro-gun legislation,
owning and carrying guns is a fundamental right—even a civil
right. While this national debate
continues to loom over the hot topic of guns, there are breaking
news stories, especially within
the last few months, that bring this fundamental debate to the
threshold of our nations colleges,
high schools, even elementary schools. Seung-Hui Cho’s
massacre at Virginia Tech (April 16,
2007) is perhaps one of the more infamous school shootings, but
there are others that are perhaps
more difficult to remember, like the deaths of 27 killed at Sandy
Hook Elementary School in
Newton, Connecticut (December 14, 2012) (CNN, 2015).
Shootings like these in educational
settings have drawn attention from both anti-gun proponents and
pro-gun lobbyists, and the State
of Arizona is no exception to this firestorm. The Arizona State
legislature has proposed SB 1474,
a gun bill that will allow students and faculty to carry guns on
the campus grounds of its three
state-funded universities. Supporters of the bill claim that
Arizona is an open carry state, and
those rights should not be restricted simply because the carrier
crosses the border of a college
campus. Those against the bill assert that guns have no place in
education and that those who
support the bill are only after their own election-year agendas.
While the Second Amendment
should be upheld, the educational learning environment should
be protected;
Full title presented again at the top of the page
Para 1: Introduction
Sentence 1 (S1): Amanda introduces the main topic (gun
control) in a generalized manner; this sentence also introduces
the con side of the controversy
S2 &3: Follows S1 by introducing the position of the pro side;
again, Amanda is general, focusing on the larger controversy
S4: Amanda begins to narrow the scope of the project by
pointing towards a specific debate within the larger controversy
of gun control: gun control in educational settings.
S5: Specific examples from the news. Note that these are
examples of school shootings with which most people are
familiar. This grounds the project to what is at stake in making
arguments about this topic.
S6: Amanda again narrows the scope of the project by moving
from gun control in educational settings to this debate as it
takes place in a specific location: Arizona.
S7: In this sentence, the writer introduces the specific topic of
the project: the controversy around SB1474.
S8 & 9: Following the same order from above (con first, then
pro), Amanda presents the sides of the controversy by
introducing each specific position.
S10: Amanda presents her thesis statement. She responds to the
controversy by crafting a thesis statement that simultaneously
agrees and disagrees.
Jason.Davis
Line
SAFETY FIRST 3
therefore, SB 1474 is a detrimental and dangerous bill that has
the potential to change the
university campus culture in Arizona state universities.
The Literature Review
In order to better understanding the origins of SB1474 and the
controversy that surrounds
it, the history of gun violence in school settings must be taken
into account; therefore, a brief
look at some of the events of the past few decades is presented.
Further, this review will examine
in greater detail the positions of the two sides of the
controversy, beginning with the pro-SB1474
side, which is in favor of allowing open carry on all Arizona
state-funded campuses. Then the
position of those against SB1474 will be presented; again, this
con side is arguing for Arizona
campuses to remain as they are now: a place without firearms.
A Brief Look at Gun Violence in Schools
The topic of gun control in educational environments exploded
in 1999 when Eric Harris
and Dylan Klebold walked into a virtually unknown high school
in Littleton, CO, and killed
twelve students and one teacher (Gibbs and Roche, 1999).
Questions of how such events could
occur and concerns about the violence of which teens and young
adults are capable became the
concern of pressured administrators and horrified parents in big
cities and small towns alike. A
string of school gun-centered violence followed over the next
few years. Perhaps most striking
though was the way in which this one incident changed the
culture of America: clear backpacks,
more metal detectors, and (of course) fear. Cloud (1999) points
out some of the extreme, “zero
tolerance” actions taken by schools shortly following the
Columbine shootings:
A seven-year-old boy in Cahokia, Ill., is suspended for having a
nail clipper at school. A
10th-grader at Surry County High School in Virginia is booted
for having blue-dyed hair.
Shortened version of the title in the header and the page number
on each page
Para 2: Preface of the Literature Review
Para 3: Brief History
First-level heading: All major sections of the paper will be first-
level, including The Literature Review, Body, and Conclusion.
You may choose to mark the Introduction, but it is typically not
done because the title of the paper stands for the heading level.
Note that the title is centered and bold with sentence-case
capitalization.
Note how Amanda prefaces the LR by giving the reader an idea
of what will be included. You might also note that the
paragraph is written in passive voice so that she can avoid using
personal pronouns such as “I.”
This is a second-level heading. It is left-hand justified and bold.
All major words are capitalized. This tells the reader that this
next section is a division of the first-level heading that is
directly above.
This citation is in APA. It shows the authors and year of
publication. This sentence is a paraphrase of Gibbs and Roche.
The reader can look at the references page to find the original
document.
Amanda has made a mistake: Only the ampersand (&) should be
used in a parenthetical citation.
Here is another way to include a parenthetical citation. Amanda
has incorporated the author’s name into the sentence. Note that
the year of publication is presented after the author, but there is
no citation at the end of the sentence because the information is
already presented at the beginning.
This quotation is called a “block.” If a quotation is over 40
words long, then you must “block” it by removing the quotation
marks and indenting the entire quotation 1/2” from the left-hand
margin. If this quotation would have been from a print text, then
the page number would have been included at the end of the
sentence, but it was an electronic source.
Elizabeth.MacWhinnie
Typewritten Text
Elizabeth.MacWhinnie
Typewritten Text
Elizabeth.MacWhinnie
Typewritten Text
Elizabeth.MacWhinnie
Typewritten Text
SAFETY FIRST 4
A Minnesota high school nixes a yearbook photo of an Army
enlistee in the senior class
because it shows her sitting atop a cannon outside a Veterans of
Foreign Wars post.
Far from the exception, these actions considered these many
years later seem unreasonable, even
in a post-9/11 world filled with uncertainty.
The Argument for Open Carry Everywhere in Arizona
However, in Arizona, the newly proposed SB 1474 would not
seek to disarm students; on
the contrary, the bill would allow students the right to
concealed carry on state-funded university
campuses. Proponents of the bill assert that such a measure is
long over due. According to an
NRA poster that were taped to message boards all over The
University of Arizona campus,
“[s]elf-defense is one of the most fundamental rights of every
human being.” Further, the poster
states that the NRA has worked diligently over the past 25 years
to expand the right of open
carry: the NRA has been “working for passage of fair Right-to-
Carry laws, expansion of carry
reciprocity between the states and the elimination of many ‘no-
carry’ zones that only affect the
law-abiding.” For the NRA, one of the major private-public
backers of the SB 1474, the
restriction of concealed carry on college campuses is an
infringement on these basic rights. The
flyer goes on to state the following:
Those who oppose campus carry [of firearms] argue that
educational institutions should
be treated differently, based on emotional claims that places of
higher learning are
somehow exempt from real-world violence. But the truth is,
despite current prohibitions
on legally carrying on campuses, crimes already occur on
campus, and the right to self-
defense from those violent acts should be respected. (NRA,
2012)
The NRA is correct. In fact, given the number of school-related
shootings in the past few months
alone, it would seem that a student’s chances of being shot on
campus seem greater than if that
Para 4: Pro side
There are three second-level headings in the LR. Headings help
you and the reader to see the organization of your paper.
Amanda presents a closer look at the pro side before the con
side. Note that she is not engaging with the arguments, only
presenting them as fairly as she can. The LR is about the
arguments of others. Amanda knows she will be able to make
her own arguments in the Body of the paper.
SAFETY FIRST 5
same student were walking the streets of the community. From
larger cities to small towns, it
seems that the size of the community does not matter: the
violence of a shooting can occur
anywhere. However, even with this fact floating in the backs of
students’ minds, students must
still attend classes and while it would seem obvious that
lawmakers on both sides want student
safety, they just see the means to that safety from different
sides of the same coin.
The Case for Campuses as Unique
Eugene Sander (2012), the Interim President of the University
of Arizona, released the
following statement about SB 1474: “I have been a gun owner
for all my adult life, and am fully
supportive of the right to own a gun. However, having faculty,
staff or students bringing
weapons into classrooms and other campus activities will do
nothing to make our campus safer.”
While Sander does not go into detail about what this newly
proposed bill does have to do with,
he makes his case on the basis that 50,000 students, staff, and
faculty attend the campus daily,
along with over 20,000 visitors annually. For Sander (2015), the
educational environment is a
“unique atmosphere that is dependent on open and vigorous
debate. Introducing guns into
classrooms would dramatically and negatively impact the ability
to engage in constructive
dialogue.” In other words, even if the NRA does not believe that
the university is a unique
atmosphere, as Sander and others do, then there is still a
possibility that introducing the right to
carry concealed weapons on campus might lead to a change to
the very culture of the university.
Para 5: Con side
Amanda has made a mistake. Each time an author is included,
the year of publication must follow. So this should read as
follows: “While Sander (2012)….”
Amanda has made a mistake. The actual year of publication is
2012. Be careful about editing for errors like this in your own
paper.
This citation is correct. Amanda did not have to include the
author’s first name, but it is fine to do so the first time that the
author’s name is mentioned.
At the end of the LR, Amanda still needs to include one more
paragraph that will act as a “conclusion” for the LR. The idea
here is NOT to conclude the entire paper. Instead, she needs to
include a paragraph that attempts to summarize the arguments
once again in order to prepare the reader for the presentation of
a second presentation of her thesis statement. The thesis
statement should be presented after the LR and before the Body
so that the reader has it fresh in his or her mind as he or she
begins reading the Body, which contains the student’s argument
broken down into individual assertions.
Para 6: LR Conclusion
SAFETY FIRST 6
References
CNN Library. (2015, October 19). 28 deadliest mass shootings
in U.S. history fast facts. CNN.
Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/16/us/20-
deadliest-mass-shootings-in-u-s-
history-fast-facts/
Cloud, J. (1999). The Columbine effect. Time. Retrieved from
http://content.time.com/time/
magazine/article/0,9171,35098,00.html
Gibbs, N., & Roche, T. (1999). The Columbine tapes. Time.
Retrieved from
http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,992873,00
.html
National Rifle Association. (2012). Arizona self-Defense on
campus [Flyer]. NRA: Author.
Sander, Eugene. (2012, March 20). UA President opposes
campus guns bill. KGUN-TV.
Retrieved from http://www.kgun9.com
An APA list of references should be labeled “References,” NOT
“Works Cited” or “Bibliography.”
Titles in APA are presented in sentence-case capitalization,
meaning that only the first word or any proper noun should
begin with a capital letter.
Proper nouns always begin with a capital letter.
Amanda has made a mistake. This capital letter “D” should not
be capitalized.
The last name is presented first; then the first name and middle
(if present) is included as initials. An ampersand (&) is used for
more than one author. Last names are always presented first.
Amanda has made a mistake by including the full name of the
author here. Untitled
EH 1020, English Composition II 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit IV
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
3. Identify parts of an argument through persuasive writing.
5. Produce an argumentative research paper.
Reading Assignment
Unit Lesson 4.1
Unit Lesson 4.2
Unit Lesson 4.3
Unit Lesson 4.4
Unit Lesson 4.5
Unit Lesson
Please be sure to maximize your Internet browser so that you
can view each individual lesson on a full
screen, ensuring that all content is made visible.
Click here to access Unit IV Lesson 1.
Click here to access the Lesson 1 transcript.
Click here to access the Understanding the Paper Structure
video transcript.
Click here to access The Purpose of Each Section video
transcript.
Click here to access Unit IV Lesson 2.
Click here to access the Lesson 2 transcript.
Click here to access The Literature Review video transcript.
UNIT IV STUDY GUIDE
Beginning the Drafting Process
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/csu_content/courses/genera
l_studies/eh/eh1020/15G/interactivelessons/unit_iv/Lesson1/mul
tiscreen.html
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/CSU_Content/courses/Gene
ral_Studies/EH/EH1020/15G/Transcripts/UnitIVLesson1Script.d
ocx
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/CSU_Content/courses/Gene
ral_Studies/EH/EH1020/15G/videoTranscripts/UnitIV_Understa
ndingthePaperStructure.docx
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/CSU_Content/courses/Gene
ral_Studies/EH/EH1020/15G/VideoTranscripts/UnitIV_ThePurp
oseofEachSection.docx
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/csu_content/courses/genera
l_studies/eh/eh1020/15G/interactivelessons/unit_iv/Lesson2/mul
tiscreen.html
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/CSU_Content/courses/Gene
ral_Studies/EH/EH1020/15G/Transcripts/UnitIVLesson2Script.d
ocx
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/CSU_Content/courses/Gene
ral_Studies/EH/EH1020/15G/videoTranscripts/UnitIV_Literatur
eReview.docx
EH 1020, English Composition II 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Click here to access Unit IV Lesson 3.
Click here to access the Lesson 3 transcript.
Click here to access Unit IV Lesson 4.
Click here to access the Lesson 4 transcript.
Click here to access The Introduction video transcript.
Click here to access Unit IV Lesson 5.
Click here to access the Lesson 5 transcript.
Click here to access the Pronoun Reference and Antecedent
Agreement video transcript.
Learning Activities (Non-Graded)
Complete the “Check for Understanding” questions contained
within Lessons 1, 2, and 5.
Non-graded Learning Activities are provided to aid students in
their course of study. You do not have to
submit them. If you have questions, contact your instructor for
further guidance and information.
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/csu_content/courses/genera
l_studies/eh/eh1020/15G/interactivelessons/unit_iv/Lesson3/mul
tiscreen.html
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/CSU_Content/courses/Gene
ral_Studies/EH/EH1020/15G/Transcripts/UnitIVLesson3Script.d
ocx
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/csu_content/courses/genera
l_studies/eh/eh1020/15G/interactivelessons/unit_iv/Lesson4/mul
tiscreen.html
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/CSU_Content/courses/Gene
ral_Studies/EH/EH1020/15G/Transcripts/UnitIVLesson4Script.d
ocx
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/CSU_Content/courses/Gene
ral_Studies/EH/EH1020/15G/videoTranscripts/UnitIV_TheIntro
duction.docx
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/csu_content/courses/genera
l_studies/eh/eh1020/15G/interactivelessons/unit_iv/Lesson5/mul
tiscreen.html
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/CSU_Content/courses/Gene
ral_Studies/EH/EH1020/15G/Transcripts/UnitIVLesson5Script.d
ocx
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/CSU_Content/courses/Gene
ral_Studies/EH/EH1020/15G/VideoTranscripts/UnitIV_Pronoun
RefAntAgree.docx

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  • 1. Running head: SAFETY FIRST 1 Safety First: Open Carry Firearms on Higher Education Campuses in Arizona Student Name Columbia Southern University APA header: Note that the title is in capital letters and prefaced by the words “Running head.” The page number is also included. Full title of the paper with the major words beginning with a capital letter The student’s first and last name Name of the institution, which will always be “Columbia Southern University” SAFETY FIRST 2 Safety First: Open Carry Firearms on Higher Education Campuses in Arizona Much has been made in the past few years about gun restrictions in the U.S. Proponents of gun regulation are in a constant state of lobbying for state
  • 2. and federal bills that restrict access to firearms, whether that takes the form of more extensive background checks on potential gun owners or longer waiting periods before guns may be sold to individuals. On the other side, the National Rifle Association (NRA) and other like-minded individuals advocate for looser restrictions on the sale and carrying of firearms. For these supporters of pro-gun legislation, owning and carrying guns is a fundamental right—even a civil right. While this national debate continues to loom over the hot topic of guns, there are breaking news stories, especially within the last few months, that bring this fundamental debate to the threshold of our nations colleges, high schools, even elementary schools. Seung-Hui Cho’s massacre at Virginia Tech (April 16, 2007) is perhaps one of the more infamous school shootings, but there are others that are perhaps more difficult to remember, like the deaths of 27 killed at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newton, Connecticut (December 14, 2012) (CNN, 2015). Shootings like these in educational settings have drawn attention from both anti-gun proponents and
  • 3. pro-gun lobbyists, and the State of Arizona is no exception to this firestorm. The Arizona State legislature has proposed SB 1474, a gun bill that will allow students and faculty to carry guns on the campus grounds of its three state-funded universities. Supporters of the bill claim that Arizona is an open carry state, and those rights should not be restricted simply because the carrier crosses the border of a college campus. Those against the bill assert that guns have no place in education and that those who support the bill are only after their own election-year agendas. While the Second Amendment should be upheld, the educational learning environment should be protected; Full title presented again at the top of the page Para 1: Introduction Sentence 1 (S1): Amanda introduces the main topic (gun control) in a generalized manner; this sentence also introduces the con side of the controversy S2 &3: Follows S1 by introducing the position of the pro side; again, Amanda is general, focusing on the larger controversy S4: Amanda begins to narrow the scope of the project by
  • 4. pointing towards a specific debate within the larger controversy of gun control: gun control in educational settings. S5: Specific examples from the news. Note that these are examples of school shootings with which most people are familiar. This grounds the project to what is at stake in making arguments about this topic. S6: Amanda again narrows the scope of the project by moving from gun control in educational settings to this debate as it takes place in a specific location: Arizona. S7: In this sentence, the writer introduces the specific topic of the project: the controversy around SB1474. S8 & 9: Following the same order from above (con first, then pro), Amanda presents the sides of the controversy by introducing each specific position. S10: Amanda presents her thesis statement. She responds to the controversy by crafting a thesis statement that simultaneously agrees and disagrees. Jason.Davis Line SAFETY FIRST 3 therefore, SB 1474 is a detrimental and dangerous bill that has the potential to change the university campus culture in Arizona state universities. The Literature Review
  • 5. In order to better understanding the origins of SB1474 and the controversy that surrounds it, the history of gun violence in school settings must be taken into account; therefore, a brief look at some of the events of the past few decades is presented. Further, this review will examine in greater detail the positions of the two sides of the controversy, beginning with the pro-SB1474 side, which is in favor of allowing open carry on all Arizona state-funded campuses. Then the position of those against SB1474 will be presented; again, this con side is arguing for Arizona campuses to remain as they are now: a place without firearms. A Brief Look at Gun Violence in Schools The topic of gun control in educational environments exploded in 1999 when Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold walked into a virtually unknown high school in Littleton, CO, and killed twelve students and one teacher (Gibbs and Roche, 1999). Questions of how such events could occur and concerns about the violence of which teens and young adults are capable became the concern of pressured administrators and horrified parents in big cities and small towns alike. A
  • 6. string of school gun-centered violence followed over the next few years. Perhaps most striking though was the way in which this one incident changed the culture of America: clear backpacks, more metal detectors, and (of course) fear. Cloud (1999) points out some of the extreme, “zero tolerance” actions taken by schools shortly following the Columbine shootings: A seven-year-old boy in Cahokia, Ill., is suspended for having a nail clipper at school. A 10th-grader at Surry County High School in Virginia is booted for having blue-dyed hair. Shortened version of the title in the header and the page number on each page Para 2: Preface of the Literature Review Para 3: Brief History First-level heading: All major sections of the paper will be first- level, including The Literature Review, Body, and Conclusion. You may choose to mark the Introduction, but it is typically not done because the title of the paper stands for the heading level. Note that the title is centered and bold with sentence-case capitalization. Note how Amanda prefaces the LR by giving the reader an idea of what will be included. You might also note that the
  • 7. paragraph is written in passive voice so that she can avoid using personal pronouns such as “I.” This is a second-level heading. It is left-hand justified and bold. All major words are capitalized. This tells the reader that this next section is a division of the first-level heading that is directly above. This citation is in APA. It shows the authors and year of publication. This sentence is a paraphrase of Gibbs and Roche. The reader can look at the references page to find the original document. Amanda has made a mistake: Only the ampersand (&) should be used in a parenthetical citation. Here is another way to include a parenthetical citation. Amanda has incorporated the author’s name into the sentence. Note that the year of publication is presented after the author, but there is no citation at the end of the sentence because the information is already presented at the beginning. This quotation is called a “block.” If a quotation is over 40 words long, then you must “block” it by removing the quotation marks and indenting the entire quotation 1/2” from the left-hand margin. If this quotation would have been from a print text, then the page number would have been included at the end of the sentence, but it was an electronic source. Elizabeth.MacWhinnie Typewritten Text Elizabeth.MacWhinnie Typewritten Text Elizabeth.MacWhinnie
  • 8. Typewritten Text Elizabeth.MacWhinnie Typewritten Text SAFETY FIRST 4 A Minnesota high school nixes a yearbook photo of an Army enlistee in the senior class because it shows her sitting atop a cannon outside a Veterans of Foreign Wars post. Far from the exception, these actions considered these many years later seem unreasonable, even in a post-9/11 world filled with uncertainty. The Argument for Open Carry Everywhere in Arizona However, in Arizona, the newly proposed SB 1474 would not seek to disarm students; on the contrary, the bill would allow students the right to concealed carry on state-funded university campuses. Proponents of the bill assert that such a measure is long over due. According to an NRA poster that were taped to message boards all over The University of Arizona campus, “[s]elf-defense is one of the most fundamental rights of every human being.” Further, the poster
  • 9. states that the NRA has worked diligently over the past 25 years to expand the right of open carry: the NRA has been “working for passage of fair Right-to- Carry laws, expansion of carry reciprocity between the states and the elimination of many ‘no- carry’ zones that only affect the law-abiding.” For the NRA, one of the major private-public backers of the SB 1474, the restriction of concealed carry on college campuses is an infringement on these basic rights. The flyer goes on to state the following: Those who oppose campus carry [of firearms] argue that educational institutions should be treated differently, based on emotional claims that places of higher learning are somehow exempt from real-world violence. But the truth is, despite current prohibitions on legally carrying on campuses, crimes already occur on campus, and the right to self- defense from those violent acts should be respected. (NRA, 2012) The NRA is correct. In fact, given the number of school-related shootings in the past few months alone, it would seem that a student’s chances of being shot on
  • 10. campus seem greater than if that Para 4: Pro side There are three second-level headings in the LR. Headings help you and the reader to see the organization of your paper. Amanda presents a closer look at the pro side before the con side. Note that she is not engaging with the arguments, only presenting them as fairly as she can. The LR is about the arguments of others. Amanda knows she will be able to make her own arguments in the Body of the paper. SAFETY FIRST 5 same student were walking the streets of the community. From larger cities to small towns, it seems that the size of the community does not matter: the violence of a shooting can occur anywhere. However, even with this fact floating in the backs of students’ minds, students must still attend classes and while it would seem obvious that lawmakers on both sides want student safety, they just see the means to that safety from different sides of the same coin. The Case for Campuses as Unique Eugene Sander (2012), the Interim President of the University of Arizona, released the
  • 11. following statement about SB 1474: “I have been a gun owner for all my adult life, and am fully supportive of the right to own a gun. However, having faculty, staff or students bringing weapons into classrooms and other campus activities will do nothing to make our campus safer.” While Sander does not go into detail about what this newly proposed bill does have to do with, he makes his case on the basis that 50,000 students, staff, and faculty attend the campus daily, along with over 20,000 visitors annually. For Sander (2015), the educational environment is a “unique atmosphere that is dependent on open and vigorous debate. Introducing guns into classrooms would dramatically and negatively impact the ability to engage in constructive dialogue.” In other words, even if the NRA does not believe that the university is a unique atmosphere, as Sander and others do, then there is still a possibility that introducing the right to carry concealed weapons on campus might lead to a change to the very culture of the university. Para 5: Con side
  • 12. Amanda has made a mistake. Each time an author is included, the year of publication must follow. So this should read as follows: “While Sander (2012)….” Amanda has made a mistake. The actual year of publication is 2012. Be careful about editing for errors like this in your own paper. This citation is correct. Amanda did not have to include the author’s first name, but it is fine to do so the first time that the author’s name is mentioned. At the end of the LR, Amanda still needs to include one more paragraph that will act as a “conclusion” for the LR. The idea here is NOT to conclude the entire paper. Instead, she needs to include a paragraph that attempts to summarize the arguments once again in order to prepare the reader for the presentation of a second presentation of her thesis statement. The thesis statement should be presented after the LR and before the Body so that the reader has it fresh in his or her mind as he or she begins reading the Body, which contains the student’s argument broken down into individual assertions. Para 6: LR Conclusion SAFETY FIRST 6 References CNN Library. (2015, October 19). 28 deadliest mass shootings in U.S. history fast facts. CNN. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/16/us/20- deadliest-mass-shootings-in-u-s-
  • 13. history-fast-facts/ Cloud, J. (1999). The Columbine effect. Time. Retrieved from http://content.time.com/time/ magazine/article/0,9171,35098,00.html Gibbs, N., & Roche, T. (1999). The Columbine tapes. Time. Retrieved from http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,992873,00 .html National Rifle Association. (2012). Arizona self-Defense on campus [Flyer]. NRA: Author. Sander, Eugene. (2012, March 20). UA President opposes campus guns bill. KGUN-TV. Retrieved from http://www.kgun9.com An APA list of references should be labeled “References,” NOT “Works Cited” or “Bibliography.” Titles in APA are presented in sentence-case capitalization, meaning that only the first word or any proper noun should begin with a capital letter. Proper nouns always begin with a capital letter. Amanda has made a mistake. This capital letter “D” should not be capitalized. The last name is presented first; then the first name and middle
  • 14. (if present) is included as initials. An ampersand (&) is used for more than one author. Last names are always presented first. Amanda has made a mistake by including the full name of the author here. Untitled EH 1020, English Composition II 1 Course Learning Outcomes for Unit IV Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to: 3. Identify parts of an argument through persuasive writing. 5. Produce an argumentative research paper. Reading Assignment Unit Lesson 4.1 Unit Lesson 4.2 Unit Lesson 4.3 Unit Lesson 4.4 Unit Lesson 4.5 Unit Lesson
  • 15. Please be sure to maximize your Internet browser so that you can view each individual lesson on a full screen, ensuring that all content is made visible. Click here to access Unit IV Lesson 1. Click here to access the Lesson 1 transcript. Click here to access the Understanding the Paper Structure video transcript. Click here to access The Purpose of Each Section video transcript. Click here to access Unit IV Lesson 2. Click here to access the Lesson 2 transcript. Click here to access The Literature Review video transcript. UNIT IV STUDY GUIDE Beginning the Drafting Process https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/csu_content/courses/genera l_studies/eh/eh1020/15G/interactivelessons/unit_iv/Lesson1/mul tiscreen.html https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/CSU_Content/courses/Gene ral_Studies/EH/EH1020/15G/Transcripts/UnitIVLesson1Script.d ocx https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/CSU_Content/courses/Gene
  • 16. ral_Studies/EH/EH1020/15G/videoTranscripts/UnitIV_Understa ndingthePaperStructure.docx https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/CSU_Content/courses/Gene ral_Studies/EH/EH1020/15G/VideoTranscripts/UnitIV_ThePurp oseofEachSection.docx https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/csu_content/courses/genera l_studies/eh/eh1020/15G/interactivelessons/unit_iv/Lesson2/mul tiscreen.html https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/CSU_Content/courses/Gene ral_Studies/EH/EH1020/15G/Transcripts/UnitIVLesson2Script.d ocx https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/CSU_Content/courses/Gene ral_Studies/EH/EH1020/15G/videoTranscripts/UnitIV_Literatur eReview.docx EH 1020, English Composition II 2 UNIT x STUDY GUIDE Title Click here to access Unit IV Lesson 3. Click here to access the Lesson 3 transcript. Click here to access Unit IV Lesson 4.
  • 17. Click here to access the Lesson 4 transcript. Click here to access The Introduction video transcript. Click here to access Unit IV Lesson 5. Click here to access the Lesson 5 transcript. Click here to access the Pronoun Reference and Antecedent Agreement video transcript. Learning Activities (Non-Graded) Complete the “Check for Understanding” questions contained within Lessons 1, 2, and 5. Non-graded Learning Activities are provided to aid students in their course of study. You do not have to submit them. If you have questions, contact your instructor for further guidance and information. https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/csu_content/courses/genera l_studies/eh/eh1020/15G/interactivelessons/unit_iv/Lesson3/mul tiscreen.html https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/CSU_Content/courses/Gene ral_Studies/EH/EH1020/15G/Transcripts/UnitIVLesson3Script.d ocx https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/csu_content/courses/genera l_studies/eh/eh1020/15G/interactivelessons/unit_iv/Lesson4/mul tiscreen.html https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/CSU_Content/courses/Gene ral_Studies/EH/EH1020/15G/Transcripts/UnitIVLesson4Script.d ocx