Running Head: PREVENTION OF PNEUMONIA Prevention of Pneumonia Institution Name Tutor Course Date From the article pulmonary infections in the returned traveler, it can be denoted that there are a wide variety of infections which are present with the pulmonary symptoms. In this regards, the clinicians have a role in differentiating the various causes of such diseases. Consequently, there are various risks attributed to the travel related pulmonary diseases which are highly dependent on the travel destinations as well as the duration one stays in such destination. Moreover, it is of on the activities undertaken. This disease includes pneumonia which is mainly contracted when one travel and exposes oneself to the cold places which cause chest and pulmonary infection (Trimble, Moffat & Collins, 2017). From the article titled the Novel vaccination approaches to prevent tuberculosis in children, it is denoted that the tuberculosis is an underappreciated problem since it causes approximately ten percent of deaths in the world. Children are perceived to be susceptible to the mycobacterium infection causing tuberculosis. The vaccinations which are provided in order to prevent tuberculosis have been found to be not efficient especially when it comes to eliminating pulmonary tuberculosis which is also linked to pneumonia. In this regards, it is necessary that new vaccines against tuberculosis, especially for children to be manufactured so that it can boost the induced immunity so that they can be protected (Triccas & Counoupas, 2016). From the article Non-adherence to community oral antibiotic treatment in children with fast breathing pneumonia in Malawi– secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study, it can be noted that despite the significant progress being made, the disease of pneumonia is still the leading cause of the deaths especially to the children under the age of five. This has been attributed to the poor adherence of the antibiotics which are associated further to the treatment failure on the world health organizations. In this regards, there should be an improvement in the adherence so that the outcomes will be improved (Nightingale,. et al. 2016). Additionally, from the article Tuberculosis and pneumonia in HIV-infected children: an overview, it is depicted that pneumonia always has been the most common cause of hospitalization and mostly death in young children. Notably, with high immunodeficiency virus, the infected individuals are perceived to carry the high burden of infections of the lower respiratory tracts from the virus and bacteria. Additionally, it is depicted that there is also an increasing recognition of impacts of Utero exposure to HIV as well as the general health of the exposed and the infants who have been infected. It is evident also that the exposed individuals may have various specific immune deficits which are deemed to increase their vulnerability to the respiratory pathogens (Rabie & Goussard, 2016). C ...

1. Running Head: PREVENTION OF PNEUMONIA
Prevention of Pneumonia
Institution
Name
Tutor
Course
Date
From the article pulmonary infections in the returned traveler, it
can be denoted that there are a wide variety of infections which
are present with the pulmonary symptoms. In this regards, the
clinicians have a role in differentiating the various causes of
such diseases. Consequently, there are various risks attributed
to the travel related pulmonary diseases which are highly
dependent on the travel destinations as well as the duration one
stays in such destination. Moreover, it is of on the activities
undertaken. This disease includes pneumonia which is mainly
contracted when one travel and exposes oneself to the cold
places which cause chest and pulmonary infection (Trimble,
Moffat & Collins, 2017).
From the article titled the Novel vaccination approaches to
prevent tuberculosis in children, it is denoted that the
tuberculosis is an underappreciated problem since it causes
approximately ten percent of deaths in the world. Children are

2. perceived to be susceptible to the mycobacterium infection
causing tuberculosis. The vaccinations which are provided in
order to prevent tuberculosis have been found to be not efficient
especially when it comes to eliminating pulmonary tuberculosis
which is also linked to pneumonia. In this regards, it is
necessary that new vaccines against tuberculosis, especially for
children to be manufactured so that it can boost the induced
immunity so that they can be protected (Triccas & Counoupas,
2016).
From the article Non-adherence to community oral antibiotic
treatment in children with fast breathing pneumonia in Malawi–
secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study, it can be noted
that despite the significant progress being made, the disease of
pneumonia is still the leading cause of the deaths especially to
the children under the age of five. This has been attributed to
the poor adherence of the antibiotics which are associated
further to the treatment failure on the world health
organizations. In this regards, there should be an improvement
in the adherence so that the outcomes will be improved
(Nightingale,. et al. 2016).
Additionally, from the article Tuberculosis and pneumonia in
HIV-infected children: an overview, it is depicted that
pneumonia always has been the most common cause of
hospitalization and mostly death in young children. Notably,
with high immunodeficiency virus, the infected individuals are
perceived to carry the high burden of infections of the lower
respiratory tracts from the virus and bacteria. Additionally, it is
depicted that there is also an increasing recognition of impacts
of Utero exposure to HIV as well as the general health of the
exposed and the infants who have been infected. It is evident
also that the exposed individuals may have various specific
immune deficits which are deemed to increase their
vulnerability to the respiratory pathogens (Rabie & Goussard,
2016).
Consequently, from the article How and when to use common
biomarkers in community-acquired pneumonia, it is as well

3. noted that the community acquired pneumonia has been the
leading cause of death globally. The young individuals and the
elders are depicted to be the ones who are more vulnerable. The
antibiotics which have been introduced have been found to have
not changed the outcomes of the patients suffering from this
pneumonia. It is worth noting that the interventions which have
led to the improvement of the outcomes include the
immunomodulatory agent's which entails macrolides and the
corticosteroids (Shaddock, 2016).
Article on The definition and classification of pneumonia shows
that the classification of pneumonia depends on the results in
the widespread and the empirical of the unnecessary
antimicrobials which contribute to the pathogen resistance and
the contribution to the heterogeneity which exists among the
groups of subjects which are found in research causing the
classification bias and various effects of the pneumonia. In
order to ensure that the infections of pneumonia are contained,
the specific infections with various characteristics are ideal and
thus can be used in limited use since the identification of the
aetiological organisms can be used in classifying pneumonia.
However, the 9nvestigation regarding homogeneous pneumonia
should be carried out so that it can be used in groupings in
achieving the rapid advances in the field (Mackenzie, 2016).
From the article Macrolide resistance in pneumococci—is it
relevant?, it is explained that the macrolide antibiotics have
been found to be used widely for various indications which
include pneumonia infections. Notably, both have been found to
have high as well as low-level resistance to macrolides which
are increasing in the pneumococci around the world. In this
regards, the macrolide resistance in the pneumococci is
perceived to be of limited clinical relevance where the lactams
have been found to remain the mainstay of such treatment of the
infection. This entails moderate and severe pneumonia despite
the data suggesting that ability of the monotherapy to treat
pneumococcal infections (Cheng, & Jenney, 2016).
Notably, the article Anatomical site-specific contributions of

4. pneumococcal virulence determinants explain that the
Streptococcus pneumonia is an opportunistic pathogen which is
associated with the significant morbidity as well as mortality
globally. This leads to the cause of various wide ranges of
diseases which include the sinusitis and conjunctivitis which are
indispensable for the invasive diseases. This shows the
contribution of pneumococcal virulence which leads to a
determination of the survival and persistence in the context of
the various anatomical sites. This further leads to evasion of
mucociliary clearance which allows the establishment of lower
respiratory infections of the tract (Shenoy, & Orihuela, 2016).
The Neonatal article pneumonia in sub-Saharan Africa describes
that the neonatal pneumonia is perceived to be a devastating
condition.This is because various deaths which occur in the sub-
Saharan Africa is attributed to pneumonia and other preventable
diseases. Such diseases have been widely attributed to the
bacterial and fungal infections which have the tendency of
dominating the respiratory pathogens which entail the syncytial
virus and influenza.
References

5. Cheng. A. C & Adam W. J. Jenney. W.J. A (2016). Macrolide
resistance in pneumococci—is it relevant?
Mackenzie. G. (2016). The definition and classification of
pneumonia.
Nightingale, R. Colbourn, T. Mukanga, D. Mankhambo, L.
Lufesi, McCollum. N. D. & King. C. (2016). Non-adherence to
community oral-antibiotic treatment in children with fast-
breathing pneumonia in Malawi– secondary analysis of a
prospective cohort study
Rabie. H. & Goussard. P. (2016). Tuberculosis and pneumonia
in HIV-infected children: an overview.
Shaddock. E. (2016). How and when to use common biomarkers
in community-acquired pneumonia.
Shenoy. A.T. & Orihuela. J C. (2016). Anatomical site-specific
contributions of pneumococcal virulence determinants
Triccas J. A. & Counoupas . C (2016). Novel vaccination
approaches to prevent tuberculosis in children.