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Running head: PRE-RESIDENCY: 10 STRATEGIC POINTS
1
PRE-RESIDENCY: 10 STRATEGIC POINTS
6
Pre-Residency: 10 Strategic Points
Article Citation
Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2014). Do role models matter?
An investigation of role modeling as an antecedent of perceived
ethical leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(4), 422-5.
doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1769-0
Point
The Description
Location
(Page #)
Broad Topic Area
Ethics in Leadership
This study is based on many types of ethics and their roles
in the leadership processes and its general impact in effective
leadership. The study examines the positive contributions of
role models in shaping corporate leadership and upholding of
ethical standards within an organization (Brown, & Treviño,
2014).
422
Lit Review
The previous studies by scholar have found that there is a strong
link between the leadership traits and the behaviors of the
leaders as they relate to the perceptions they portray in their
ethical leadership. The major concern can be, are the traits
influenced by the process of learning in the society.
468
Problem Statement
“In this research, the paper proposes that the ethical role
models are very influential in the development of ethical
leadership in any field of study by providing a practical
example of ethical leadership is a person and the set standards.”
(Brown, & Treviño, 2014).
Research Questions
“Whether role model leaders have a relation with employees
who rate their ethical leadership.”
496-497
Sample
The sample group that was involved was made of 50 managers,
out of the 220 managers who were personally contacted for the
study
Average age: 32
Gender: 48 % of the sample used as men.
Average tenancy: 14 years.
Reports: 500, 1, 200 surveys were conducted from the field.
514
Describe Phenomena (qualitative) or Define Variables/
Hypotheses (quantitative)
“Hypothesis 1: Many people believe that having had ethical
leadership role model in the tender age is positively related to
what is alleged over the ethical leadership in the late ages.”
(Brown, & Treviño, 2014).
“Hypothesis 2: Having a workplace or preferred ethical role
model is positively related to having the same traits in the
leadership at a later date.”
“Hypothesis 3: Any topic leadership is perceived to have the
ethical leadership in the modeling of the management.”
“Hypothesis 4: Age moderates the ethical leadership that is
perceived by the childhood role model and the ethical
leadership in the older age by having a stronger motive in the
young leaders.” (Brown, & Treviño, 2014).
“Hypothesis 5: Age moderates the relations between the career
in modeling and the perceived ethical leadership that is learned
which is seen to be strong in the old age compared to the young
age.”
521- 522
Methodology & Design
The surveys went through an internal mail system and the
Privacy was guaranteed to all participants which were a promise
Managers: They provided information on their role models and
added the background and demographic information on them
Direct Reports: The information was submitted about the
managers’ leadership traits.
543
Purpose Statement
Investigating the relationship that is there between the different
types of the ethical role models and the rating of the ethical
leadership that is portrayed out. (Brown, & Treviño, 2014).
556
Data Collection Approach
A survey was given to the manager to collect data about their
mentors and to collect information about how their mentor’s
leads
A survey was then sent to the direct reports to see how the
leader lead.
571
Data Analysis Approach
Multiple ordinary least squares regression was applied
The three regression models were completed by the author:
Model 1: The variables of the Leader’s background and
demographic information were taken
Model 2: Prediction of role modeling was done
Model 3 Hypothesized moderating.
Evaluation (Maximum 250-500 words)
The formation and establishment of ethical standards in
leadership are dependent on the prevailing conditions
individuals find themselves. This implies individuals design
their administration morals based on coaches they encountered
as they were realizing their specialty. The creators of the
investigation trusted in the event they were in an actual
situation based on our condition then it would make sense to go
against the initial characteristics of their coaches. At the point
an individual chooses a coach, they process their moral
initiative example from that point. This can have positive and
negative influence on a leader's ethical.
To gather the required information, the authors issued
studies requesting point by point data regarding moral
administration procedures and statistic data. The reports were
question concerning the administrations leadership methods.
The reviews were processed through inside mail framework, and
discretion was provided to the participants. The creators trusted
the moral advancement of a pioneer is specifically identified by
the impact of the coach’s.
The scientific research study seeks to use primary and
secondary sources of data business organizations to among
selected 600 managers, to which 241 responded. The gathering
of troughs provides researchers a cross-area of the organizations
leaders in an endeavor they produced precise outcomes. The
inquiries the study requested were used to inspire a reaction
about how the troughs moral initiative is influenced by the
activities of their tutors. The main objective the researchers
could have done to obtain an exact reaction is review more
organizations.
References
Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2014). Do role models matter?
An investigation of role modeling as an antecedent of perceived
ethical leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(4), 587-598.
doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1769-0.
Running head: ENDANGERED SPECIES PROJECT 1
The American Alligator
The Example
Miami Dade College
ENDANGERED SPECIES PROJECT 2
Introduction
The American Alligator, known more formally as Alligator
mississippiensis, is a
species of reptile that has become threatened over the years
mainly due to habitat
destruction, environmental contamination, and undesirable
water management. That
being said, I also believe that the excessive exploitation of them
for use in the fashion
industry, as well as their deliciousness when cooked also
greatly contributes to their
dwindling numbers. This species sees males occasionally
reaching 13 to 15 feet in
length, and weighing upwards of 1,000 pounds, while the
maximum length for females
is approximately 10 feet. For food, gators have been seen
feasting on fish, turtles, small
mammals, birds, and reptiles (including other alligators). They
inhabit wetland
ecosystems across the southern United States and are said to be
FT(S/A), in other
words, it's Federally-designated threatened due to Similarity of
Appearance.
In the Everglades, which is where you find these beasts in
Florida, Alligators play
a huge role in the survival of many species. During the dry
season, they excavate large
holes in the mud so that they aren't stranded without water. This
in turn provides
enough water for fish to survive in, and it allots other animals
such as birds, with
something to drink from.
The American alligator isn't only helpful to its animal friends
(also considered
food) though, it's also helpful to Florida's economy. Every year
thousands of tourists
flock to the Southern region of Florida for a shot at some close
up pictures of this
magnificent animal. People pay big money to go on airboat
tours to observe alligators in
their natural habitat. This significantly boosts Florida's
economy, thus showing alligators
value to not only animals, but humans alike.
ENDANGERED SPECIES PROJECT 3
Objectives
The objectives of this report are to create a Profile of a local
endangered species
and, to make an assessment of it using UICN criteria. We also
aim to raise awareness
on the status of the species and the threats it faces in Florida.
Material and Methods
This work was carried out through extensive reading and
research of online
articles published on American alligators, as well as a bunch of
trips to the everglades in
which dozens and dozens of alligators were spotted and
observed. I find there to be an
abundance of alligators in the everglades with specimens being
observed basking on
rocks, staying stationary and hidden amongst the lily pads, and
laying up on the bank.
I also used the IUCN categories to assess the conservation
status for the species
in Florida, which may be seen below:
ENDANGERED SPECIES PROJECT 4
Results
Distribution: American alligators can be found in Florida,
southern Texas,
Louisiana, parts of North and South Carolina, Georgia and
Alabama.
Abundance: Currently there is a growing population of over 1.5
million in Florida
alone, and a total of somewhere in the 3-5 million range. If the
American alligator was to
go back to being endangered instead of just threatened its
impact would be severe.
Less gators in the dry season means less "gator holes", which in
turn means less
places for fish to seek refuge and less sources of water for other
animals to drink from.
Another impact of having gators go endangered again would be
that there would be
incest going on due to lack of gators from differing parents. The
penalties of this are
more of a chance for diseases to spread and wipe out the entire
remainder of the
population.
Biometry: This species sees males occasionally reaching 13 to
15 feet in length,
and weighing upwards of 1,000 pounds, while the maximum
length for females is
approximately 10 feet.
ENDANGERED SPECIES PROJECT 5
(Lengths in meters)
Morphology: Both males and females have an "armored" body
with a muscular,
flat tail. The skin on their back is armored with embedded bony
plates called scutes.
They have four short legs; the front legs have five toes while
the back legs have only
four toes. Alligators have a long, rounded snout that has upward
facing nostrils at the
end; this allows breathing to occur while the rest of the body is
underwater. The young
have bright yellow stripes on the tail; adults have dark stripes
on the tail.
ENDANGERED SPECIES PROJECT 6
Comments: I feel like the American alligator is one of the most
amazing animals
in South Florida, its crazy strength, position holder as Florida's
state reptile, and simple
beauty all make it an animal to behold. What's there not to love
about this cute, cold
blooded murder machine?!
Assessment: The IUCN classifies the American Alligator as a
species of “least
concern” in terms of its endangerment and I must say that I
agree fully. Stricter, more
recent regulations on the hunting and farming of alligators has
significantly helped
increase their population. Their population has been remaining
constant and even
increasing which is far from what was seen decades ago when
the alligator was actually
an endangered species.
ENDANGERED SPECIES PROJECT 7
References
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. (2017, March 21).
Retrieved November 15,
2018, from https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/46583/11061981
Dalrymple, G. H. (2017, October 17). American Alligator:
Species Profile. Retrieved
November 25, 2018, from
https://www.nps.gov/ever/learn/nature/alligator.htm
American Alligator. (n.d.). Retrieved November 25, 2018, from
http://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/imperiled/profiles/reptiles/am
erican-alligator/
American alligator. (2018, November 29). Retrieved November
30, 2018, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_alligator
Basic Facts About American Alligators. (2016, September 19).
Retrieved November 15,
2018, from https://defenders.org/american-alligator/basic-facts
American alligator. (2018, June 26). Retrieved November 15,
2018, from
https://nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/american-alligator
1
Final Project Guidelines
Florida Endangered Species
Introduction
This project is about elaborating a complete Profile of ONE
endangered
species of your choosing. In the Florida List species are cited as
either endangered
or threatened.
Based on the PROFILE elaborated you will make an
ASSESSMENT on the
species using the IUCN categories explained in the document
provided (Pages 14-
15) or IUCN website (www.iucn.org). This is a more detailed
and international
system than the one used for the list.
Under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), species can be listed
as either
endangered or threatened, but the IUCN provides a more
accurate approach to
classifying the status of a species.
Structure
The structure is going to be as follows. You should also use
subheadings
under Methods and must be used to break down the Results.
Introduction
Objectives
Mention what you are going to do.
Materials and Methods
How the work was done.
Results (Profile)
Include graphs, maps, tables, pictures and descriptions.
References
http://www.iucn.org/
2
Details of Structure
Introduction
Introduction is sometimes called the State of the Art chapter, so
please use two or
three parragraphs to introduce your topic, in this case your
species, why it is
endangered, it´s taxonomic position, it´s a Bird, a Mammal, a
Plant, etc… It´s
importance beyond the fact that it´s a key species, if it is the
case, like economic
importance.
Objectives
Mention what you are going to do. You are going to make a
Profile as complete
as possible, on a local (statewide preferably) species giving
preference to updated
information about it printed or online, and then you will make
an assessment of
such species using the IUCN categories available at the IUCN
website.
Materials and Method
It means How the work was done, when and where. This is a
home-based
Project, or Library based, for which several websites as well as
printed papers and
books are consulted. It was done during the Spring Semester for
the Bio 2010
class, at the MDC Kendall Campus.
Results (Profile)
(Must have the following components):
Distribution: Inside and outside the US. Please include maps!
Distribution and Abundance are Critical topics in order to
declare a Species as
Endangered.
Abundance: How many individuals are usually found on natural
populations. Make
an emphasis on the genetics implications of Endangerement,
decrease of diversity
leading to diseases, etc.
Morphology: Description of the species including pictures.
Emphasize remarkable
aspects!
Comments or Remarks: Data on economic importance or other.
Assessment: According to IUCN categories, but MUST be
proposed by YOU as a
Team or Individual. It doesn´t have to be accurate, but please
justify your decision.
3
References
Don´t forget we must cite the sources that you used for
elaborating the
Profile or making the assessment.
General
Paper must be at least 6 full pages to a maximum of 12 pages
that is
written on Arial, Size 12, double- spaced and in APA format but
without an Abstract.
All research material is to be included and properly cited when
the paper is turned
in for the rough draft evaluation (If you send it in advance!) and
the final.
Documents, the Word Report and the PP presentation are to be
turned in as
e-documents not HARD COPIES, let´s try to go paperless as
much as we can.
The oral presentation of the paper is 5 min in length, with at
least 6 to 12
slides and each student is to be fully prepared on the subject to
give his/her
presentation. Teams will be called at random. All students
must attend all the
presentations to receive full credit for his/her presentation. Is
also about sharing
knowledge!
Running head: PRE-RESIDENCY: 10 STRATEGIC POINTS
1
PRE-RESIDENCY: 10 STRATEGIC POINTS
6
Pre-Residency: 10 Strategic Points
Article Citation
Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2014). Do role models matter?
An investigation of role modeling as an antecedent of perceived
ethical leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(4), 422-5.
doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1769-0
Point
The Description
Location
(Page #)
Broad Topic Area
Ethics in Leadership
This study is based on many types of ethics and their roles
in the leadership processes and its general impact in effective
leadership. The study examines the positive contributions of
role models in shaping corporate leadership and
upholding of ethical standards within an organization (Brown,
& Treviño, 2014).
422
Lit Review
The previous studies by scholar have found that there is a strong
link between the leadership traits and the behaviors of the
leaders as they relate to the perceptions they portray in their
ethical leadership. The major concern can be, are the traits
influenced by the process of learning in the society.
468
Problem Statement
“In this research, the paper proposes that the ethical role
models are very influential in the development of ethical
leadership in any field of study by providing a practical
example of ethical leadership is a person and the set standards.”
(Brown, & Treviño, 2014).
Research Questions
“Whether role model leaders have a relation with employees
who rate their ethical leadership.”
496-497
Sample
The sample group that was involved was made of 50
managers, out of the 220 managers who were personally
contacted for the study
Average age: 32
Gender: 48 % of the sample used as men.
Average tenancy: 14 years.
Reports: 500, 1, 200 surveys were conducted from the field.
514
Describe Phenomena (qualitative) or Define Variables/
Hypotheses (quantitative)
“Hypothesis 1: Many people believe that having had ethical
leadership role model in the tender age is positively related to
what is alleged over the ethical leadership in the late ages.”
(Brown, & Treviño, 2014).
“Hypothesis 2: Having a workplace or preferred ethical role
model is positively related to having the same traits in the
leadership at a later date.”
“Hypothesis 3: Any topic leadership is perceived to have the
ethical leadership in the modeling of the management
.”
“Hypothesis 4: Age moderates the ethical leadership that is
perceived by the childhood role model and the ethical
leadership in the older age by having a stronger motive in the
young leaders.” (Brown, & Treviño, 2014).
“Hypothesis 5: Age moderates the relations between the career
in modeling and the perceived ethical leadership that is learned
which is seen to be strong in the old age compared to the young
age.”
521- 522
Methodology & Design
The surveys went through an internal mail system and the
Privacy was guaranteed to all participants which were a promise
Managers: They provided information on their role models and
added the background and demographic information on them
Direct Reports: The information was submitted about the
managers’ leadership traits.
543
Purpose Statement
Investigating the relationship that is there between the different
types of the ethical role models and the rating of the ethical
leadership that is portrayed out. (Brown, &
Treviño, 2014).
556
Data Collection Approach
A survey was given to the manager to collect data about their
mentors and to collect information
about how their mentor’s leads
A survey was then sent to the direct reports to see how the
leader lead.
571
Data Analysis Approach
Multiple ordinary least squares regression was applied
The three regression models were completed by the author:
Model 1: The variables of the Leader’s background and
demographic information were taken
Model 2: Prediction of role modeling was done
Model 3 Hypothesized moderating.
Evaluation (Maximum 250-500 words)
The formation and establishment of ethical standards in
leadership are dependent on the prevailing conditions
individuals find themselves. This implies individuals design
their administration morals based on coaches they encountered
as they were realizing their specialty. The creators of the
investigation trusted in the event they were in an actual
situation based on our condition then it would make sense to go
against the initial characteristics of their coaches. At the point
an individual chooses a coach, they process their moral
initiative example from that point. This can have positive and
negative influence on a leader's ethical.
To gather the required information, the authors issued
studies requesting point by point data regarding moral
administration
procedures and statistic data. The reports were question
concerning the administrations leadership methods. The reviews
were processed through inside mail framework, and discretion
was provided to the participants. The creators trusted the moral
advancement of a pioneer is specifically identified by the
impact of the coach’s.
The scientific research study seeks to use primary and
secondary sources of data business organizations to among
selected 600 managers, to which 241 responded. The gathering
of troughs provides researchers a cross-area of the organizations
leaders in an endeavor they produced precise outcomes. The
inquiries the study requested were used to inspire a reaction
about how the troughs moral initiative is influenced by the
activities of their tutors. The main objective the researchers
could have done to obtain an exact reaction is review more
organizations.
References
Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2014). Do role models matter?
An investigation of role modeling as an antecedent of perceived
ethical leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(4), 587-598.
doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1769-0.
Thanks for your work here. To see the comments within, please
enable your 'Track Changes' feature in MS Word and see the
balloons with comments. Please use this information as
guidance moving forward. Remember: Please be sure to use the
APA Manual 6th edition for all assignments. Please also be sure
to visit/use the University's wonderful FREE Writing Center
that has tutorials, webinars, links, handouts, tip sheets, samples,
and services, all to help you succeed. FURTHER, some other
tools to check out are the following:
Grammarly (grammarly.com)..this is a free program that is very
good but even BETTER is their Grammarly Premium program,
fairly priced and usually on sale (Google this for details). One
other tool, totally free is: reciteworks.com ..it picks up
inconsistencies and errors in and between your in-text citations
and Reference section. Please be SURE to use this as your
academic future depends on complete and accurate sourcing of
all your work.
Thanks, Doc
�OK good so in stating the problem ..you will look for what
good traits/behaviors are needed, etc..
�?? what do you mean by this?
�At GCU you are REQUIRED to frame your problem statement
using this exact wording:
‘It is not known..’.
�NO..do this for an aligned RQ..FYI..at GCU you are required
to have 2 RQs..more on this in class next week.
Tip: To form a well ALIGNED, APPROVABLE research
question, you would take your PROBLEM STATEMENT and
make it into a question..voila, a well aligned research question!
I know, it seems too good to be true..but it's true! You may only
need one or two more research questions (you may get away
with only one however…ask your Chair for their preference).
It's that simple. Remember, the Research Question is completely
different than your INTERVIEW QUESTIONS (if you are using
them).
Make certain that your problem statement (specific problem),
purpose statement, and research question align.
One other thing to remember: Your RESEARCH QUESTION
should ALWAYS be open ended in in a qualitative study. Open
ended means you should NEVER be able to answer your
research question with a 'yes' or a 'no' response. If this can
happen, the participant can/will 'shut down your study'..Yikes!
�what methodology and design are you using??
�are you doing quantitative work? What design will you
use?�These need to be set up properly.
In ‘doctoral speak’ when you are asked about a
research/methodology you are being asked if this was a
qualitative, quantitative or mixed methodology study. Of those
types there are also subsets called ‘research designs’, i.e. in
qualitative there are; case studies, ethnographic,
phenomenological, narrative, and grounded study. In
quantitative there are; experimental and correlational studies.
In the Research Methodology of Qualitative, there are only a
few DESIGNS to choose from: ethnographic, descriptive,
grounded theory, phenomenological, case study, and narrative.
If you will be conducting a study doing a Quantitative
Methodology, there are only these types of DESIGNS:
Experimental, Quasiexperimental, and Non-Experimental
(Descriptive, Relational/Correlation and Causal Comparative).
If you are discussing HOW you will get data, i.e. surveys,
interviews, content analysis, focus groups, etc…these are NOT
a DESIGN, but rather a DATA COLLECTION METHOD. You
will want to be very precise as to the terminology you are using
so you speak in the same ‘doctoral language’ as other scholars.
Please see the works of prolific and respected authors such as
John Creswell ..we has done a lot of work in the area of
research methodologies.
FYI… you ONLY have a research hypothesis in a
QUANTITATIVE study and in the quantitative portion of a
MIXED STUDY. You will NEVER EVER have a HYPOTHESIS
in a QUALITATIVE STUDY.
Additionally, hypothesis are indicated by the following: H0
(null hypothesis); H1; H2, H3, etc..etc..when/if a quantitative
study is conducted.
In QUALITATIVE studies you would only use a RESEARCH
QUESTION(S).
RESEARCH QUESTIONS are used in all 3 research
methodologies.
Note in your wording/framing:
There is ALWAYS a relationship, it may not be high but one
exists.
You need to word this way:
H0: there is not a statistically significant relationship
between…
H1: there is a statistically significant relationship between..
A full set of these plus a fully aligned research question is used
for each variable.
�where is it?? You are missing this entire section!
In ‘doctoral speak’ when you are asked about a
research/methodology you are being asked if this was a
qualitative, quantitative or mixed methodology study. Of those
types there are also subsets called ‘research designs’, i.e. in
qualitative there are; case studies, ethnographic,
phenomenological, narrative, and grounded study. In
quantitative there are; experimental and correlational studies.
In the Research Methodology of Qualitative, there are only a
few DESIGNS to choose from: ethnographic, descriptive,
grounded theory, phenomenological, case study, and narrative.
If you will be conducting a study doing a Quantitative
Methodology, there are only these types of DESIGNS:
Experimental, Quasiexperimental, and Non-Experimental
(Descriptive, Relational/Correlation and Causal Comparative).
If you are discussing HOW you will get data, i.e. surveys,
interviews, content analysis, focus groups, etc…these are NOT
a DESIGN, but rather a DATA COLLECTION METHOD. You
will want to be very precise as to the terminology you are using
so you speak in the same ‘doctoral language’ as other scholars.
Please see the works of prolific and respected authors such as
John Creswell ..we has done a lot of work in the area of
research methodologies.
�No..you missed this section’s required items:
The purpose of this [METHODOLOGY] [DESIGN] is to
explore (XXXXXX usually from your specific business
problem). The targeted population will consist of (XXXX who
will give you the data- i.e.owners of companies) located in
(XXXX what geographical location,). The implication for
positive social change includes the potential to (provide social
change statement XXXX).
~~ This section should NOT be more than 150 words..having
more indicates a lack of understanding of key research
fundamentals as well as how the mechanics of your study will
be implemented.
_Research_Question: (Use your specific business problem to
craft your research question)
�WAS..you have not done your study yet?? WHY is this in the
past tense?:?
�NO..you have not done YOUR study yet..why is this info
here?????
�NO..you were not to evaluate the work of others here..you are
to lay out YOUR study!
Research Methodology: Sample and Location
RSD851
College of Doctoral Studies
Greetings & Welcome To
Today’s Workshop
Professors’ Introductions
Discussion of Agenda
Two Minute Progress Overview By Student
Please time students’ overviews of their dissertation progress.
Students need to be held to a two minute presentation.
2
Population, Target Population and Sample: Why is it so
confusing?
12/2/2019
3
Target Population
Sample
Participants or data providing input or information about the
sample
Population
The number of people or programs being studied or observed –
e.g. Sample size=6
Data Collection/Analysis
This topic tends to be very confusing for the participants.
Please take time to explain the slide. Remind them that the
sample for quantitative studies needs to be much larger than
qualitative studies. Learners will need to do a Power Analysis
to determine how large the sample must be for a Quantitative
study. For qualitative studies they are smaller especially if
doing in-depth interviews– but may be much larger if using
questionnaires with open questions since interviews collect a lot
more information for each person in much more detail.
Therefore interviews yield a lot more data per interview to do
coding and thematic analysis.
3
Population And Sample
Identify the population of the study
Identify the sampling design (single stage or clustering)
Describe the selection process and procedure
Determine the sampling size
Sampling Methods
Random Sampling
True Experimental Procedure
Subjects Have Equal Probability of Being Selected
Sample Is Representative of Population
Nonrandom Sampling
Quasi-experimental procedure
Conveniently Selected
Usage of Naturally Formed Groups
Helpful Note: Examples of a Naturally Formed Group include
school district, school, classroom, or specific organization
5
Random Sampling Methods
Stratified Random Sampling
Systematic Random Sampling
Cluster (Area) Random Sampling
Multi-Stage Sampling
Please share the following and your experience with students:
Stratified Random Sampling
Selection From Subgroups
Systematic Random Sampling
Selection From An Ordered Sampling Frame
Cluster (Area) Random Sampling
Selection From A Natural Homogeneous Groupings
Multi-Stage Sampling
Selection from pre-structured groups
6
NonRandom Sampling Methods
Convenience Sampling
Sample is conveniently accessible to a researcher
Sample is easy to access
Sample is not an accurate representation of the population
Purposeful Sampling
Selection of a specific group of people within a population
The selected group contains individuals that are most
information
The intent is to describe the population as a whole
Examples of Purposeful Sampling
Modal Instance Sampling
Expert Sampling
Quota Sampling
Nonproportional Quota Sampling
Heterogenity Sampling
Snowball Sampling
7
Sampling Terminology
Population
Sample
Theoretical Population
Accessible Population
Sampling Frame
Population And Sample
Commonly Held Questions
What is the primary difference between a population and
sample?
Who do you want to generalize to?
Should the entire population be used as the sample?
How should the size of the sample be determined?
Professors please provide answers to these questions for
students
9
Homework
TONIGHT
Refine the first four of your Ten Strategic Points
Use feedback and reflection from today to begin revision of:
Topic
Literature Review
Problem Statement
Population/Target Population/Sample/Location
Update your 10 Strategic Points on the wall before class
tomorrow
12/2/2019
10
Please open the Choosing Methodology and Design tool.
Demonstrate how the tool works. Clicking on buttons and using
the back button for navigation. Then send the group on the
activity.
Please remind students to update their 7 Strategic Points before
class tomorrow
10

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Running head PRE-RESIDENCY 10 STRATEGIC POINTS .docx

  • 1. Running head: PRE-RESIDENCY: 10 STRATEGIC POINTS 1 PRE-RESIDENCY: 10 STRATEGIC POINTS 6 Pre-Residency: 10 Strategic Points Article Citation Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2014). Do role models matter? An investigation of role modeling as an antecedent of perceived ethical leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(4), 422-5. doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1769-0 Point The Description Location (Page #) Broad Topic Area Ethics in Leadership This study is based on many types of ethics and their roles in the leadership processes and its general impact in effective leadership. The study examines the positive contributions of role models in shaping corporate leadership and upholding of ethical standards within an organization (Brown, & Treviño, 2014). 422 Lit Review The previous studies by scholar have found that there is a strong link between the leadership traits and the behaviors of the leaders as they relate to the perceptions they portray in their ethical leadership. The major concern can be, are the traits
  • 2. influenced by the process of learning in the society. 468 Problem Statement “In this research, the paper proposes that the ethical role models are very influential in the development of ethical leadership in any field of study by providing a practical example of ethical leadership is a person and the set standards.” (Brown, & Treviño, 2014). Research Questions “Whether role model leaders have a relation with employees who rate their ethical leadership.” 496-497 Sample The sample group that was involved was made of 50 managers, out of the 220 managers who were personally contacted for the study Average age: 32 Gender: 48 % of the sample used as men. Average tenancy: 14 years. Reports: 500, 1, 200 surveys were conducted from the field. 514 Describe Phenomena (qualitative) or Define Variables/ Hypotheses (quantitative) “Hypothesis 1: Many people believe that having had ethical leadership role model in the tender age is positively related to what is alleged over the ethical leadership in the late ages.” (Brown, & Treviño, 2014). “Hypothesis 2: Having a workplace or preferred ethical role model is positively related to having the same traits in the leadership at a later date.”
  • 3. “Hypothesis 3: Any topic leadership is perceived to have the ethical leadership in the modeling of the management.” “Hypothesis 4: Age moderates the ethical leadership that is perceived by the childhood role model and the ethical leadership in the older age by having a stronger motive in the young leaders.” (Brown, & Treviño, 2014). “Hypothesis 5: Age moderates the relations between the career in modeling and the perceived ethical leadership that is learned which is seen to be strong in the old age compared to the young age.” 521- 522 Methodology & Design The surveys went through an internal mail system and the Privacy was guaranteed to all participants which were a promise Managers: They provided information on their role models and added the background and demographic information on them Direct Reports: The information was submitted about the managers’ leadership traits. 543 Purpose Statement Investigating the relationship that is there between the different types of the ethical role models and the rating of the ethical leadership that is portrayed out. (Brown, & Treviño, 2014). 556 Data Collection Approach A survey was given to the manager to collect data about their mentors and to collect information about how their mentor’s leads A survey was then sent to the direct reports to see how the leader lead.
  • 4. 571 Data Analysis Approach Multiple ordinary least squares regression was applied The three regression models were completed by the author: Model 1: The variables of the Leader’s background and demographic information were taken Model 2: Prediction of role modeling was done Model 3 Hypothesized moderating. Evaluation (Maximum 250-500 words) The formation and establishment of ethical standards in leadership are dependent on the prevailing conditions individuals find themselves. This implies individuals design their administration morals based on coaches they encountered as they were realizing their specialty. The creators of the investigation trusted in the event they were in an actual situation based on our condition then it would make sense to go against the initial characteristics of their coaches. At the point an individual chooses a coach, they process their moral initiative example from that point. This can have positive and negative influence on a leader's ethical. To gather the required information, the authors issued studies requesting point by point data regarding moral administration procedures and statistic data. The reports were question concerning the administrations leadership methods. The reviews were processed through inside mail framework, and discretion was provided to the participants. The creators trusted the moral advancement of a pioneer is specifically identified by the impact of the coach’s. The scientific research study seeks to use primary and
  • 5. secondary sources of data business organizations to among selected 600 managers, to which 241 responded. The gathering of troughs provides researchers a cross-area of the organizations leaders in an endeavor they produced precise outcomes. The inquiries the study requested were used to inspire a reaction about how the troughs moral initiative is influenced by the activities of their tutors. The main objective the researchers could have done to obtain an exact reaction is review more organizations. References Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2014). Do role models matter? An investigation of role modeling as an antecedent of perceived ethical leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(4), 587-598. doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1769-0. Running head: ENDANGERED SPECIES PROJECT 1 The American Alligator The Example Miami Dade College
  • 6. ENDANGERED SPECIES PROJECT 2 Introduction The American Alligator, known more formally as Alligator mississippiensis, is a species of reptile that has become threatened over the years mainly due to habitat destruction, environmental contamination, and undesirable water management. That being said, I also believe that the excessive exploitation of them for use in the fashion industry, as well as their deliciousness when cooked also greatly contributes to their dwindling numbers. This species sees males occasionally reaching 13 to 15 feet in length, and weighing upwards of 1,000 pounds, while the maximum length for females is approximately 10 feet. For food, gators have been seen feasting on fish, turtles, small mammals, birds, and reptiles (including other alligators). They inhabit wetland ecosystems across the southern United States and are said to be FT(S/A), in other words, it's Federally-designated threatened due to Similarity of
  • 7. Appearance. In the Everglades, which is where you find these beasts in Florida, Alligators play a huge role in the survival of many species. During the dry season, they excavate large holes in the mud so that they aren't stranded without water. This in turn provides enough water for fish to survive in, and it allots other animals such as birds, with something to drink from. The American alligator isn't only helpful to its animal friends (also considered food) though, it's also helpful to Florida's economy. Every year thousands of tourists flock to the Southern region of Florida for a shot at some close up pictures of this magnificent animal. People pay big money to go on airboat tours to observe alligators in their natural habitat. This significantly boosts Florida's economy, thus showing alligators value to not only animals, but humans alike. ENDANGERED SPECIES PROJECT 3
  • 8. Objectives The objectives of this report are to create a Profile of a local endangered species and, to make an assessment of it using UICN criteria. We also aim to raise awareness on the status of the species and the threats it faces in Florida. Material and Methods This work was carried out through extensive reading and research of online articles published on American alligators, as well as a bunch of trips to the everglades in which dozens and dozens of alligators were spotted and observed. I find there to be an abundance of alligators in the everglades with specimens being observed basking on rocks, staying stationary and hidden amongst the lily pads, and laying up on the bank. I also used the IUCN categories to assess the conservation status for the species in Florida, which may be seen below:
  • 9. ENDANGERED SPECIES PROJECT 4 Results Distribution: American alligators can be found in Florida, southern Texas, Louisiana, parts of North and South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama. Abundance: Currently there is a growing population of over 1.5 million in Florida alone, and a total of somewhere in the 3-5 million range. If the American alligator was to go back to being endangered instead of just threatened its impact would be severe. Less gators in the dry season means less "gator holes", which in turn means less places for fish to seek refuge and less sources of water for other animals to drink from. Another impact of having gators go endangered again would be that there would be incest going on due to lack of gators from differing parents. The penalties of this are
  • 10. more of a chance for diseases to spread and wipe out the entire remainder of the population. Biometry: This species sees males occasionally reaching 13 to 15 feet in length, and weighing upwards of 1,000 pounds, while the maximum length for females is approximately 10 feet. ENDANGERED SPECIES PROJECT 5 (Lengths in meters) Morphology: Both males and females have an "armored" body with a muscular, flat tail. The skin on their back is armored with embedded bony plates called scutes. They have four short legs; the front legs have five toes while the back legs have only four toes. Alligators have a long, rounded snout that has upward facing nostrils at the end; this allows breathing to occur while the rest of the body is underwater. The young
  • 11. have bright yellow stripes on the tail; adults have dark stripes on the tail. ENDANGERED SPECIES PROJECT 6 Comments: I feel like the American alligator is one of the most amazing animals in South Florida, its crazy strength, position holder as Florida's state reptile, and simple beauty all make it an animal to behold. What's there not to love about this cute, cold blooded murder machine?! Assessment: The IUCN classifies the American Alligator as a species of “least concern” in terms of its endangerment and I must say that I agree fully. Stricter, more recent regulations on the hunting and farming of alligators has significantly helped increase their population. Their population has been remaining constant and even increasing which is far from what was seen decades ago when
  • 12. the alligator was actually an endangered species. ENDANGERED SPECIES PROJECT 7 References The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. (2017, March 21). Retrieved November 15, 2018, from https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/46583/11061981 Dalrymple, G. H. (2017, October 17). American Alligator: Species Profile. Retrieved November 25, 2018, from https://www.nps.gov/ever/learn/nature/alligator.htm American Alligator. (n.d.). Retrieved November 25, 2018, from http://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/imperiled/profiles/reptiles/am erican-alligator/ American alligator. (2018, November 29). Retrieved November 30, 2018, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_alligator
  • 13. Basic Facts About American Alligators. (2016, September 19). Retrieved November 15, 2018, from https://defenders.org/american-alligator/basic-facts American alligator. (2018, June 26). Retrieved November 15, 2018, from https://nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/american-alligator 1 Final Project Guidelines Florida Endangered Species Introduction This project is about elaborating a complete Profile of ONE endangered species of your choosing. In the Florida List species are cited as either endangered or threatened. Based on the PROFILE elaborated you will make an ASSESSMENT on the species using the IUCN categories explained in the document provided (Pages 14-
  • 14. 15) or IUCN website (www.iucn.org). This is a more detailed and international system than the one used for the list. Under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), species can be listed as either endangered or threatened, but the IUCN provides a more accurate approach to classifying the status of a species. Structure The structure is going to be as follows. You should also use subheadings under Methods and must be used to break down the Results. Introduction Objectives Mention what you are going to do. Materials and Methods How the work was done. Results (Profile) Include graphs, maps, tables, pictures and descriptions.
  • 15. References http://www.iucn.org/ 2 Details of Structure Introduction Introduction is sometimes called the State of the Art chapter, so please use two or three parragraphs to introduce your topic, in this case your species, why it is endangered, it´s taxonomic position, it´s a Bird, a Mammal, a Plant, etc… It´s importance beyond the fact that it´s a key species, if it is the case, like economic importance. Objectives Mention what you are going to do. You are going to make a Profile as complete as possible, on a local (statewide preferably) species giving preference to updated
  • 16. information about it printed or online, and then you will make an assessment of such species using the IUCN categories available at the IUCN website. Materials and Method It means How the work was done, when and where. This is a home-based Project, or Library based, for which several websites as well as printed papers and books are consulted. It was done during the Spring Semester for the Bio 2010 class, at the MDC Kendall Campus. Results (Profile) (Must have the following components): Distribution: Inside and outside the US. Please include maps! Distribution and Abundance are Critical topics in order to declare a Species as Endangered. Abundance: How many individuals are usually found on natural populations. Make
  • 17. an emphasis on the genetics implications of Endangerement, decrease of diversity leading to diseases, etc. Morphology: Description of the species including pictures. Emphasize remarkable aspects! Comments or Remarks: Data on economic importance or other. Assessment: According to IUCN categories, but MUST be proposed by YOU as a Team or Individual. It doesn´t have to be accurate, but please justify your decision. 3 References Don´t forget we must cite the sources that you used for elaborating the Profile or making the assessment. General Paper must be at least 6 full pages to a maximum of 12 pages that is written on Arial, Size 12, double- spaced and in APA format but without an Abstract. All research material is to be included and properly cited when
  • 18. the paper is turned in for the rough draft evaluation (If you send it in advance!) and the final. Documents, the Word Report and the PP presentation are to be turned in as e-documents not HARD COPIES, let´s try to go paperless as much as we can. The oral presentation of the paper is 5 min in length, with at least 6 to 12 slides and each student is to be fully prepared on the subject to give his/her presentation. Teams will be called at random. All students must attend all the presentations to receive full credit for his/her presentation. Is also about sharing knowledge! Running head: PRE-RESIDENCY: 10 STRATEGIC POINTS 1 PRE-RESIDENCY: 10 STRATEGIC POINTS 6 Pre-Residency: 10 Strategic Points Article Citation Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2014). Do role models matter? An investigation of role modeling as an antecedent of perceived ethical leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(4), 422-5.
  • 19. doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1769-0 Point The Description Location (Page #) Broad Topic Area Ethics in Leadership This study is based on many types of ethics and their roles in the leadership processes and its general impact in effective leadership. The study examines the positive contributions of role models in shaping corporate leadership and upholding of ethical standards within an organization (Brown, & Treviño, 2014). 422 Lit Review The previous studies by scholar have found that there is a strong link between the leadership traits and the behaviors of the leaders as they relate to the perceptions they portray in their ethical leadership. The major concern can be, are the traits influenced by the process of learning in the society. 468 Problem Statement “In this research, the paper proposes that the ethical role models are very influential in the development of ethical leadership in any field of study by providing a practical example of ethical leadership is a person and the set standards.” (Brown, & Treviño, 2014). Research Questions “Whether role model leaders have a relation with employees who rate their ethical leadership.”
  • 20. 496-497 Sample The sample group that was involved was made of 50 managers, out of the 220 managers who were personally contacted for the study Average age: 32 Gender: 48 % of the sample used as men. Average tenancy: 14 years. Reports: 500, 1, 200 surveys were conducted from the field. 514 Describe Phenomena (qualitative) or Define Variables/ Hypotheses (quantitative) “Hypothesis 1: Many people believe that having had ethical leadership role model in the tender age is positively related to what is alleged over the ethical leadership in the late ages.” (Brown, & Treviño, 2014). “Hypothesis 2: Having a workplace or preferred ethical role model is positively related to having the same traits in the leadership at a later date.” “Hypothesis 3: Any topic leadership is perceived to have the ethical leadership in the modeling of the management .” “Hypothesis 4: Age moderates the ethical leadership that is perceived by the childhood role model and the ethical leadership in the older age by having a stronger motive in the young leaders.” (Brown, & Treviño, 2014). “Hypothesis 5: Age moderates the relations between the career
  • 21. in modeling and the perceived ethical leadership that is learned which is seen to be strong in the old age compared to the young age.” 521- 522 Methodology & Design The surveys went through an internal mail system and the Privacy was guaranteed to all participants which were a promise Managers: They provided information on their role models and added the background and demographic information on them Direct Reports: The information was submitted about the managers’ leadership traits. 543 Purpose Statement Investigating the relationship that is there between the different types of the ethical role models and the rating of the ethical leadership that is portrayed out. (Brown, & Treviño, 2014). 556 Data Collection Approach A survey was given to the manager to collect data about their mentors and to collect information about how their mentor’s leads A survey was then sent to the direct reports to see how the leader lead. 571 Data Analysis Approach Multiple ordinary least squares regression was applied The three regression models were completed by the author: Model 1: The variables of the Leader’s background and demographic information were taken
  • 22. Model 2: Prediction of role modeling was done Model 3 Hypothesized moderating. Evaluation (Maximum 250-500 words) The formation and establishment of ethical standards in leadership are dependent on the prevailing conditions individuals find themselves. This implies individuals design their administration morals based on coaches they encountered as they were realizing their specialty. The creators of the investigation trusted in the event they were in an actual situation based on our condition then it would make sense to go against the initial characteristics of their coaches. At the point an individual chooses a coach, they process their moral initiative example from that point. This can have positive and negative influence on a leader's ethical. To gather the required information, the authors issued studies requesting point by point data regarding moral administration procedures and statistic data. The reports were question concerning the administrations leadership methods. The reviews were processed through inside mail framework, and discretion was provided to the participants. The creators trusted the moral advancement of a pioneer is specifically identified by the impact of the coach’s. The scientific research study seeks to use primary and secondary sources of data business organizations to among selected 600 managers, to which 241 responded. The gathering of troughs provides researchers a cross-area of the organizations leaders in an endeavor they produced precise outcomes. The inquiries the study requested were used to inspire a reaction about how the troughs moral initiative is influenced by the activities of their tutors. The main objective the researchers could have done to obtain an exact reaction is review more
  • 23. organizations. References Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2014). Do role models matter? An investigation of role modeling as an antecedent of perceived ethical leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(4), 587-598. doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1769-0. Thanks for your work here. To see the comments within, please enable your 'Track Changes' feature in MS Word and see the balloons with comments. Please use this information as guidance moving forward. Remember: Please be sure to use the APA Manual 6th edition for all assignments. Please also be sure to visit/use the University's wonderful FREE Writing Center that has tutorials, webinars, links, handouts, tip sheets, samples, and services, all to help you succeed. FURTHER, some other tools to check out are the following: Grammarly (grammarly.com)..this is a free program that is very good but even BETTER is their Grammarly Premium program, fairly priced and usually on sale (Google this for details). One other tool, totally free is: reciteworks.com ..it picks up inconsistencies and errors in and between your in-text citations and Reference section. Please be SURE to use this as your academic future depends on complete and accurate sourcing of all your work. Thanks, Doc �OK good so in stating the problem ..you will look for what good traits/behaviors are needed, etc.. �?? what do you mean by this? �At GCU you are REQUIRED to frame your problem statement using this exact wording:
  • 24. ‘It is not known..’. �NO..do this for an aligned RQ..FYI..at GCU you are required to have 2 RQs..more on this in class next week. Tip: To form a well ALIGNED, APPROVABLE research question, you would take your PROBLEM STATEMENT and make it into a question..voila, a well aligned research question! I know, it seems too good to be true..but it's true! You may only need one or two more research questions (you may get away with only one however…ask your Chair for their preference). It's that simple. Remember, the Research Question is completely different than your INTERVIEW QUESTIONS (if you are using them). Make certain that your problem statement (specific problem), purpose statement, and research question align. One other thing to remember: Your RESEARCH QUESTION should ALWAYS be open ended in in a qualitative study. Open ended means you should NEVER be able to answer your research question with a 'yes' or a 'no' response. If this can happen, the participant can/will 'shut down your study'..Yikes! �what methodology and design are you using??
  • 25. �are you doing quantitative work? What design will you use?�These need to be set up properly. In ‘doctoral speak’ when you are asked about a research/methodology you are being asked if this was a qualitative, quantitative or mixed methodology study. Of those types there are also subsets called ‘research designs’, i.e. in qualitative there are; case studies, ethnographic, phenomenological, narrative, and grounded study. In quantitative there are; experimental and correlational studies. In the Research Methodology of Qualitative, there are only a few DESIGNS to choose from: ethnographic, descriptive, grounded theory, phenomenological, case study, and narrative. If you will be conducting a study doing a Quantitative Methodology, there are only these types of DESIGNS: Experimental, Quasiexperimental, and Non-Experimental (Descriptive, Relational/Correlation and Causal Comparative). If you are discussing HOW you will get data, i.e. surveys, interviews, content analysis, focus groups, etc…these are NOT a DESIGN, but rather a DATA COLLECTION METHOD. You will want to be very precise as to the terminology you are using so you speak in the same ‘doctoral language’ as other scholars. Please see the works of prolific and respected authors such as John Creswell ..we has done a lot of work in the area of research methodologies. FYI… you ONLY have a research hypothesis in a QUANTITATIVE study and in the quantitative portion of a
  • 26. MIXED STUDY. You will NEVER EVER have a HYPOTHESIS in a QUALITATIVE STUDY. Additionally, hypothesis are indicated by the following: H0 (null hypothesis); H1; H2, H3, etc..etc..when/if a quantitative study is conducted. In QUALITATIVE studies you would only use a RESEARCH QUESTION(S). RESEARCH QUESTIONS are used in all 3 research methodologies. Note in your wording/framing: There is ALWAYS a relationship, it may not be high but one exists. You need to word this way: H0: there is not a statistically significant relationship between…
  • 27. H1: there is a statistically significant relationship between.. A full set of these plus a fully aligned research question is used for each variable. �where is it?? You are missing this entire section! In ‘doctoral speak’ when you are asked about a research/methodology you are being asked if this was a qualitative, quantitative or mixed methodology study. Of those types there are also subsets called ‘research designs’, i.e. in qualitative there are; case studies, ethnographic, phenomenological, narrative, and grounded study. In quantitative there are; experimental and correlational studies. In the Research Methodology of Qualitative, there are only a few DESIGNS to choose from: ethnographic, descriptive, grounded theory, phenomenological, case study, and narrative. If you will be conducting a study doing a Quantitative Methodology, there are only these types of DESIGNS: Experimental, Quasiexperimental, and Non-Experimental (Descriptive, Relational/Correlation and Causal Comparative). If you are discussing HOW you will get data, i.e. surveys, interviews, content analysis, focus groups, etc…these are NOT a DESIGN, but rather a DATA COLLECTION METHOD. You will want to be very precise as to the terminology you are using so you speak in the same ‘doctoral language’ as other scholars. Please see the works of prolific and respected authors such as
  • 28. John Creswell ..we has done a lot of work in the area of research methodologies. �No..you missed this section’s required items: The purpose of this [METHODOLOGY] [DESIGN] is to explore (XXXXXX usually from your specific business problem). The targeted population will consist of (XXXX who will give you the data- i.e.owners of companies) located in (XXXX what geographical location,). The implication for positive social change includes the potential to (provide social change statement XXXX). ~~ This section should NOT be more than 150 words..having more indicates a lack of understanding of key research fundamentals as well as how the mechanics of your study will be implemented. _Research_Question: (Use your specific business problem to craft your research question) �WAS..you have not done your study yet?? WHY is this in the past tense?:? �NO..you have not done YOUR study yet..why is this info
  • 29. here????? �NO..you were not to evaluate the work of others here..you are to lay out YOUR study! Research Methodology: Sample and Location RSD851 College of Doctoral Studies Greetings & Welcome To Today’s Workshop Professors’ Introductions Discussion of Agenda Two Minute Progress Overview By Student Please time students’ overviews of their dissertation progress. Students need to be held to a two minute presentation. 2 Population, Target Population and Sample: Why is it so confusing? 12/2/2019 3
  • 30. Target Population Sample Participants or data providing input or information about the sample Population The number of people or programs being studied or observed – e.g. Sample size=6 Data Collection/Analysis This topic tends to be very confusing for the participants. Please take time to explain the slide. Remind them that the sample for quantitative studies needs to be much larger than qualitative studies. Learners will need to do a Power Analysis to determine how large the sample must be for a Quantitative study. For qualitative studies they are smaller especially if doing in-depth interviews– but may be much larger if using questionnaires with open questions since interviews collect a lot more information for each person in much more detail. Therefore interviews yield a lot more data per interview to do coding and thematic analysis. 3 Population And Sample Identify the population of the study
  • 31. Identify the sampling design (single stage or clustering) Describe the selection process and procedure Determine the sampling size Sampling Methods Random Sampling True Experimental Procedure Subjects Have Equal Probability of Being Selected Sample Is Representative of Population Nonrandom Sampling Quasi-experimental procedure Conveniently Selected Usage of Naturally Formed Groups Helpful Note: Examples of a Naturally Formed Group include school district, school, classroom, or specific organization 5 Random Sampling Methods Stratified Random Sampling Systematic Random Sampling Cluster (Area) Random Sampling Multi-Stage Sampling Please share the following and your experience with students: Stratified Random Sampling Selection From Subgroups Systematic Random Sampling Selection From An Ordered Sampling Frame
  • 32. Cluster (Area) Random Sampling Selection From A Natural Homogeneous Groupings Multi-Stage Sampling Selection from pre-structured groups 6 NonRandom Sampling Methods Convenience Sampling Sample is conveniently accessible to a researcher Sample is easy to access Sample is not an accurate representation of the population Purposeful Sampling Selection of a specific group of people within a population The selected group contains individuals that are most information The intent is to describe the population as a whole Examples of Purposeful Sampling Modal Instance Sampling Expert Sampling Quota Sampling Nonproportional Quota Sampling Heterogenity Sampling Snowball Sampling 7 Sampling Terminology Population Sample Theoretical Population
  • 33. Accessible Population Sampling Frame Population And Sample Commonly Held Questions What is the primary difference between a population and sample? Who do you want to generalize to? Should the entire population be used as the sample? How should the size of the sample be determined? Professors please provide answers to these questions for students 9 Homework TONIGHT Refine the first four of your Ten Strategic Points Use feedback and reflection from today to begin revision of: Topic Literature Review Problem Statement Population/Target Population/Sample/Location Update your 10 Strategic Points on the wall before class tomorrow 12/2/2019
  • 34. 10 Please open the Choosing Methodology and Design tool. Demonstrate how the tool works. Clicking on buttons and using the back button for navigation. Then send the group on the activity. Please remind students to update their 7 Strategic Points before class tomorrow 10