Running head: NURSING PROBLEM 1
NURSING PROBLEM 2
Nursing Problem
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date
Specialization: Nursing Practitioner.
As a nursing practitioner, the major roles include the assessment of the needs of the patients. A nursing practitioner also orders and interprets test from laboratories, they do illness and disease diagnosis, medication prescription and formulate plans for treatment. There are a number of challenges that face the nurse in their field of practices. This paper will focus to discuss the hazards in the workspace of these practitioners. It will also seek to find a way of solving these challenge using innovative means.
The Problem of Interest
Hazard in The Nursing Field.
The nursing field of practice is one of the most dangerous places of working as one does work in a delicate environment where one is in the risks of being infected or even injuring oneself. Nurses are faced with a number of risks in daily job activities. Some of these hazards include injuries, flu germs, hand washing –related dermatitis and pathogens that are based in the blood among others.
According to the report produced by OSHA, about 5.6 million of 12.2 million workers are under the risk of being exposed to blood borne pathogens. This is a big number of health workers under the risk meaning that soon there will be a shortage of health nursing or health workers in general. Moreover, the rates of risks are higher in the health care industry than any other industries. This industry has registered around 35000 injuries covering different parts of the body. These range from the shoulders, hands, feet, and back. These statistics are according to the Bureau Labor Statistics (Gooch, 2015).
Apart from the acute injuries discussed, they also suffer harm exposed on their hands. From a recent study carried out in the University of Manchester, the health workers that follow protocols are 4.5 times exposed to skin damage risks. The report also reported up to 25 percent of cases of irritant contact dermatitis.
These individuals also get exposed to infectious diseases in their areas of practice. One of the most commonly contacted infection is Hepatitis B (HBV). This is infection can be contacted via blood contact, feces, saliva, and semen. This instrument of spreading the infection is in contact with the patient and also the needles (Gooch, 2015). Nursing practitioners also risk exposure to toxic substances in the clinical environment. Radiation is another risk that comes majorly from the ionizing radiation. Complications associated with radiation include skin cancer, leukemia, and cancer among others. One comes to contact with this radiation in the instances of performing x-ray scans. Another challenge that faces nursing.
Select one of the body systems from the University of Phoenix Mate.docxbagotjesusa
Select one of the body systems from the University of Phoenix Material: Weekly Vocabulary Exercise: Body Systems. (My idea is to talk about HPV)
Create a brochure, using the Brochure Builder, you could present to high school students to encourage better health-seeking behaviors.
Describe why this body system is vital to a healthy life, as well as why you should take care of it.
Answer the following questions in your brochure:
1. What is the function of this major body system?
1. What role does it play in overall health?
1. What major organs comprise this body system?
1. What diseases can affect organs in this body system? What are the effects of these diseases?
Include the following in your brochure:
1. Appropriate pictures, diagrams, and graphics that illustrate your explanations
1. Appropriately cited references
VACCINATION DECISIONS 1
VACCINATION DECISIONS 6
Vaccination Decisions
.
Vaccination Decisions
Introduction
The article ‘Risk Perception And Communication in Vaccination Decisions: A Fuzzy-Trace Approach’ addresses a process model used in making vaccination decisions in the recent time; the era of Web 2.0. The author, Reyna explores the fuzzy-trace theory that characterizes vaccination decisions in terms of retrieval of values, application of the values to representations (in context), dual mental representations (gist and verbatim), and background knowledge. Extracting essential gist or meaning of the vaccination messages is interrupted by lack of knowledge. According to the author, the majority of the population has a tendency to adopt the “feeling okay” status quo option as a prevention decision. Additionally, psychological evidence from other relevant prevention decisions including cancer screening shows that a large percentage of the population will present their decision options as being simple, categorical gist. This provides a choice of taking up preventive behaviors and a feeling-okay option. This paper critiques the various sections of Reyna’s article including the theory of approach to vaccinations and the intervention program towards the issue.
The Fuzzy-Trace Theory
According to Reyna, theories in science should have sound empirical evidence and accommodate the relevant evidence including the evidence that is generated from the laboratories. The fuzzy-trace Theory retains the admirable and useful features of the Schema Theory (Reyna, 2012). Specifically, the fuzzy-trace theory makes predictions concerning decision making, judgment, and memory and predicts on their development in the various phases of life (from childhood to old age). For research purposes, fuzzy-trace theory integrates studies on gestalt theory, social judgment, neurobiology, memory and cognition, psycholinguistics and emotion. In obtaini.
Nursing Shortageby Monica CastelaoSubmission dat e 01-.docxcherishwinsland
Nursing Shortage
by Monica Castelao
Submission dat e : 01- Jul- 2018 04 :36PM (UT C- 07 00)
Submission ID: 97 97 84 135
File name : CONT ENT 15304 8816017 7 .do c (32.5K)
Word count : 551
Charact e r count : 34 7 1
26%
SIMILARIT Y INDEX
12%
INT ERNET SOURCES
0%
PUBLICAT IONS
25%
ST UDENT PAPERS
1 10%
2 7%
3 3%
4 3%
5 3%
6 1%
Exclude quo tes On
Exclude biblio graphy On
Exclude matches < 1%
Nursing Shortage
ORIGINALITY REPORT
PRIMARY SOURCES
Submitted to American Public University
System
St udent Paper
www.aaacn.org
Int ernet Source
Submitted to Western Governors University
St udent Paper
Submitted to Gonzaga University
St udent Paper
Submitted to Grand Canyon University
St udent Paper
cf .instructure.com
Int ernet Source
Nursing Shortageby Monica CastelaoNursing ShortageORIGINALITY REPORTPRIMARY SOURCES
Assignment: Locating an Empirical Research Article
Empirical research articles document a study that is either quantitative, qualitative or a mixed methods research design. When authors write an empirical research article they typically follow a format that looks like this: Introduction/Background, Literature Review, Methodology, Findings, and Discussion. The authors recount literature on their specific research topic and describe in a systematic manner how the data was collected and then analyzed in order to answer the research question(s). Once the data is analyzed, they present the findings. Finally, they interpret the findings using past literature to help understand the findings.
What we broadly describe as a “quantitative study” includes numerical summaries that involve descriptive statistics (averages, standard deviations), correlations, and inferential statistics (such as T-tests, Chi Squares and other kinds of analyses). These kinds of studies can include certain elements such as per- and post-tests or survey results looking at correlations between variables.
Qualitative articles, on the other hand, use interviews, focus groups, observations, and written answers to questions. Rather than using statistics to summarize the study, these studies look at themes and present the material using words, phrases and often paragraphs to illustrate what they are representing.
To prepare for this assignment, review Week 1’s readings and resources on how to locate an empirical research article using the library’s databases.
For this Assignment,
· Locate an empirical research article that is either a quantitative or qualitative study from a peer reviewed social work journal for the final assignment.
· Do not select an empirical research article that describes a mixed methods study. The reason is because a mixed method study involves both a quantitative and qualitative component. You would have to do two reviews – one for the quantitative component and one for the qualitative component -- for the final assignment.
· Upload the article. Your instructor will review the article to make sure it is an empirical resear.
Epidemiology designs for clinical trials - PubricaPubrica
1. Clinical trial study design
2. Cohort Study design
3. Case-Control Studies
4. Cross-Sectional Studies
5. Ecological Studies
6. Randomized Clinical Trials
Continue Reading: https://bit.ly/3tDt6rH
Reference: https://pubrica.com/services/research-services/experimental-design/
Why Pubrica:
When you order our services, We promise you the following – Plagiarism free | always on Time | 24*7 customer support | Written to international Standard | Unlimited Revisions support | Medical writing Expert | Publication Support | Biostatistical experts | High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Contact us:
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
WhatsApp : +91 9884350006
United Kingdom: +44- 74248 10299
C O N C E P T A N A L Y S I SClinical reasoning concept a.docxclairbycraft
C O N C E P T A N A L Y S I S
Clinical reasoning: concept analysis
Barbara Simmons
Accepted for publication 4 December 2009
Correspondence to B. Simmons:
e-mail: [email protected]
Barbara Simmons PhD RN
Clinical Assistant Professor
Department of Biobehavioral Health Science,
University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
S I M M O N S B . ( 2 0 1 0 )S I M M O N S B . ( 2 0 1 0 ) Clinical reasoning: concept analysis. Journal of Advanced
Nursing 66(5), 1151–1158.
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05262.x
Abstract
Title. Clinical reasoning: concept analysis.
Aim. This paper is a report of a concept analysis of clinical reasoning in nursing.
Background. Clinical reasoning is an ambiguous term that is often used synony-
mously with decision-making and clinical judgment. Clinical reasoning has not been
clearly defined in the literature. Healthcare settings are increasingly filled with
uncertainty, risk and complexity due to increased patient acuity, multiple
comorbidities, and enhanced use of technology, all of which require clinical reasoning.
Data sources. Literature for this concept analysis was retrieved from several data-
bases, including CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, ERIC and OvidMEDLINE, for the
years 1980 to 2008.
Review methods. Rodgers’s evolutionary method of concept analysis was used be-
cause of its applicability to concepts that are still evolving.
Results. Multiple terms have been used synonymously to describe the thinking skills
that nurses use. Research in the past 20 years has elucidated differences among these
terms and identified the cognitive processes that precede judgment and decision-
making. Our concept analysis defines one of these terms, ‘clinical reasoning,’ as a
complex process that uses cognition, metacognition, and discipline-specific
knowledge to gather and analyse patient information, evaluate its significance, and
weigh alternative actions.
Conclusion. This concept analysis provides a middle-range descriptive theory of
clinical reasoning in nursing that helps clarify meaning and gives direction for future
research. Appropriate instruments to operationalize the concept need to be developed.
Research is needed to identify additional variables that have an impact on clinical
reasoning and what are the consequences of clinical reasoning in specific situations.
Keywords: clinical reasoning, concept analysis, decision-making, diagnostic
reasoning, clinical judgment, nursing, problem-solving
Introduction
Clinical reasoning guides nurses in assessing, assimilating,
retrieving, and/or discarding components of information that
affect patient care. It is considered a characteristic that
separates professional nurses from ancillary healthcare
providers. Worldwide, nurses are increasingly more autono-
mous, responsible, and accountable for patient care.
� 2010 The Author. Journal compilation � 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1151
J A N JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING
Shortened hospital stays, patient .
Select one of the body systems from the University of Phoenix Mate.docxbagotjesusa
Select one of the body systems from the University of Phoenix Material: Weekly Vocabulary Exercise: Body Systems. (My idea is to talk about HPV)
Create a brochure, using the Brochure Builder, you could present to high school students to encourage better health-seeking behaviors.
Describe why this body system is vital to a healthy life, as well as why you should take care of it.
Answer the following questions in your brochure:
1. What is the function of this major body system?
1. What role does it play in overall health?
1. What major organs comprise this body system?
1. What diseases can affect organs in this body system? What are the effects of these diseases?
Include the following in your brochure:
1. Appropriate pictures, diagrams, and graphics that illustrate your explanations
1. Appropriately cited references
VACCINATION DECISIONS 1
VACCINATION DECISIONS 6
Vaccination Decisions
.
Vaccination Decisions
Introduction
The article ‘Risk Perception And Communication in Vaccination Decisions: A Fuzzy-Trace Approach’ addresses a process model used in making vaccination decisions in the recent time; the era of Web 2.0. The author, Reyna explores the fuzzy-trace theory that characterizes vaccination decisions in terms of retrieval of values, application of the values to representations (in context), dual mental representations (gist and verbatim), and background knowledge. Extracting essential gist or meaning of the vaccination messages is interrupted by lack of knowledge. According to the author, the majority of the population has a tendency to adopt the “feeling okay” status quo option as a prevention decision. Additionally, psychological evidence from other relevant prevention decisions including cancer screening shows that a large percentage of the population will present their decision options as being simple, categorical gist. This provides a choice of taking up preventive behaviors and a feeling-okay option. This paper critiques the various sections of Reyna’s article including the theory of approach to vaccinations and the intervention program towards the issue.
The Fuzzy-Trace Theory
According to Reyna, theories in science should have sound empirical evidence and accommodate the relevant evidence including the evidence that is generated from the laboratories. The fuzzy-trace Theory retains the admirable and useful features of the Schema Theory (Reyna, 2012). Specifically, the fuzzy-trace theory makes predictions concerning decision making, judgment, and memory and predicts on their development in the various phases of life (from childhood to old age). For research purposes, fuzzy-trace theory integrates studies on gestalt theory, social judgment, neurobiology, memory and cognition, psycholinguistics and emotion. In obtaini.
Nursing Shortageby Monica CastelaoSubmission dat e 01-.docxcherishwinsland
Nursing Shortage
by Monica Castelao
Submission dat e : 01- Jul- 2018 04 :36PM (UT C- 07 00)
Submission ID: 97 97 84 135
File name : CONT ENT 15304 8816017 7 .do c (32.5K)
Word count : 551
Charact e r count : 34 7 1
26%
SIMILARIT Y INDEX
12%
INT ERNET SOURCES
0%
PUBLICAT IONS
25%
ST UDENT PAPERS
1 10%
2 7%
3 3%
4 3%
5 3%
6 1%
Exclude quo tes On
Exclude biblio graphy On
Exclude matches < 1%
Nursing Shortage
ORIGINALITY REPORT
PRIMARY SOURCES
Submitted to American Public University
System
St udent Paper
www.aaacn.org
Int ernet Source
Submitted to Western Governors University
St udent Paper
Submitted to Gonzaga University
St udent Paper
Submitted to Grand Canyon University
St udent Paper
cf .instructure.com
Int ernet Source
Nursing Shortageby Monica CastelaoNursing ShortageORIGINALITY REPORTPRIMARY SOURCES
Assignment: Locating an Empirical Research Article
Empirical research articles document a study that is either quantitative, qualitative or a mixed methods research design. When authors write an empirical research article they typically follow a format that looks like this: Introduction/Background, Literature Review, Methodology, Findings, and Discussion. The authors recount literature on their specific research topic and describe in a systematic manner how the data was collected and then analyzed in order to answer the research question(s). Once the data is analyzed, they present the findings. Finally, they interpret the findings using past literature to help understand the findings.
What we broadly describe as a “quantitative study” includes numerical summaries that involve descriptive statistics (averages, standard deviations), correlations, and inferential statistics (such as T-tests, Chi Squares and other kinds of analyses). These kinds of studies can include certain elements such as per- and post-tests or survey results looking at correlations between variables.
Qualitative articles, on the other hand, use interviews, focus groups, observations, and written answers to questions. Rather than using statistics to summarize the study, these studies look at themes and present the material using words, phrases and often paragraphs to illustrate what they are representing.
To prepare for this assignment, review Week 1’s readings and resources on how to locate an empirical research article using the library’s databases.
For this Assignment,
· Locate an empirical research article that is either a quantitative or qualitative study from a peer reviewed social work journal for the final assignment.
· Do not select an empirical research article that describes a mixed methods study. The reason is because a mixed method study involves both a quantitative and qualitative component. You would have to do two reviews – one for the quantitative component and one for the qualitative component -- for the final assignment.
· Upload the article. Your instructor will review the article to make sure it is an empirical resear.
Epidemiology designs for clinical trials - PubricaPubrica
1. Clinical trial study design
2. Cohort Study design
3. Case-Control Studies
4. Cross-Sectional Studies
5. Ecological Studies
6. Randomized Clinical Trials
Continue Reading: https://bit.ly/3tDt6rH
Reference: https://pubrica.com/services/research-services/experimental-design/
Why Pubrica:
When you order our services, We promise you the following – Plagiarism free | always on Time | 24*7 customer support | Written to international Standard | Unlimited Revisions support | Medical writing Expert | Publication Support | Biostatistical experts | High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Contact us:
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
WhatsApp : +91 9884350006
United Kingdom: +44- 74248 10299
C O N C E P T A N A L Y S I SClinical reasoning concept a.docxclairbycraft
C O N C E P T A N A L Y S I S
Clinical reasoning: concept analysis
Barbara Simmons
Accepted for publication 4 December 2009
Correspondence to B. Simmons:
e-mail: [email protected]
Barbara Simmons PhD RN
Clinical Assistant Professor
Department of Biobehavioral Health Science,
University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
S I M M O N S B . ( 2 0 1 0 )S I M M O N S B . ( 2 0 1 0 ) Clinical reasoning: concept analysis. Journal of Advanced
Nursing 66(5), 1151–1158.
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05262.x
Abstract
Title. Clinical reasoning: concept analysis.
Aim. This paper is a report of a concept analysis of clinical reasoning in nursing.
Background. Clinical reasoning is an ambiguous term that is often used synony-
mously with decision-making and clinical judgment. Clinical reasoning has not been
clearly defined in the literature. Healthcare settings are increasingly filled with
uncertainty, risk and complexity due to increased patient acuity, multiple
comorbidities, and enhanced use of technology, all of which require clinical reasoning.
Data sources. Literature for this concept analysis was retrieved from several data-
bases, including CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, ERIC and OvidMEDLINE, for the
years 1980 to 2008.
Review methods. Rodgers’s evolutionary method of concept analysis was used be-
cause of its applicability to concepts that are still evolving.
Results. Multiple terms have been used synonymously to describe the thinking skills
that nurses use. Research in the past 20 years has elucidated differences among these
terms and identified the cognitive processes that precede judgment and decision-
making. Our concept analysis defines one of these terms, ‘clinical reasoning,’ as a
complex process that uses cognition, metacognition, and discipline-specific
knowledge to gather and analyse patient information, evaluate its significance, and
weigh alternative actions.
Conclusion. This concept analysis provides a middle-range descriptive theory of
clinical reasoning in nursing that helps clarify meaning and gives direction for future
research. Appropriate instruments to operationalize the concept need to be developed.
Research is needed to identify additional variables that have an impact on clinical
reasoning and what are the consequences of clinical reasoning in specific situations.
Keywords: clinical reasoning, concept analysis, decision-making, diagnostic
reasoning, clinical judgment, nursing, problem-solving
Introduction
Clinical reasoning guides nurses in assessing, assimilating,
retrieving, and/or discarding components of information that
affect patient care. It is considered a characteristic that
separates professional nurses from ancillary healthcare
providers. Worldwide, nurses are increasingly more autono-
mous, responsible, and accountable for patient care.
� 2010 The Author. Journal compilation � 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1151
J A N JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING
Shortened hospital stays, patient .
1Running Head A CLINICAL ISSUEA Clinical Issue.docxjesusamckone
1
Running Head: A CLINICAL ISSUE
A Clinical Issue
Nursing Errors
Roberto J Silva
Evidence-Based Practice
Walden University
March 15, 2020
Perfection is not in humans, but at times we commit errors in areas that we should not. Such an environment is a medical setting because we deal with human life, which is very precious and once lost, cannot be recovered. Therefore, I based my clinical issue on a question on why there are errors in the medical field. I found this clinical issue to work hand in hand with the question of what are the adverse effects suffered by patients who are victimized of these nursing errors. How is the severity of the impact experienced by each patient when they bear errors that, as a result of medical officers, in this case, nurses? These articles observed research ethics because they were based on a practical environment, and all participants used for research were aware of the research being conducted.
These articles have different objectives, but all of them are concentrated in errors that are manifested in a medical setting by patients due to a nurse's faults of efficiency. The first article, in this case, is based on errors that are committed by nurses in cases of outpatient. The article associates these errors to technological shortcomings, which are as a result of a new method of prescribing outpatient (Matthew E. Hirschtritt, Steven Chan, Wilson O. Ly, Pharm). The second research article uses a more general approach whereby it assesses the general reasons why nurses find themselves committing errors while issuing medication to patients. This research article covers the reasons why these errors are manifested on a regular basis (Midwifery Journal, 2018).
The third article that I used for my paper was based on the frequency and severing of adverse effects suffered by patients for a case of nursing errors. To serve the purpose, the article is based on patients who exhibit old age demographic factors (Risk Management Health Policy, 2013). From the fourth research article that I used to assess my clinical issue in question, it was more related to the other three articles. It is also based on the reason for errors that are manifested in a psychiatric setting. In particle, the article focuses on the type and the nature of errors that are prevalent in the psychiatric setting (International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 2010).
Each of these research articles uses different methods to mine data and factual information about errors that are prevalent in the medical setting. They range from qualitative methods, quantitative methods, and others are based on mixed methods. The first article that I used for my clinical issue is based on a theoretical approach hence qualitative methodology. The article has an in-depth theoretical explanation of these errors from nurses. The second article is based on a quantitative methodology. Figures collected from participants are analyzed using ANOVA and chi-square tests. The .
1Running Head A CLINICAL ISSUEA Clinical Issue.docxaulasnilda
1
Running Head: A CLINICAL ISSUE
A Clinical Issue
Nursing Errors
Roberto J Silva
Evidence-Based Practice
Walden University
March 15, 2020
Perfection is not in humans, but at times we commit errors in areas that we should not. Such an environment is a medical setting because we deal with human life, which is very precious and once lost, cannot be recovered. Therefore, I based my clinical issue on a question on why there are errors in the medical field. I found this clinical issue to work hand in hand with the question of what are the adverse effects suffered by patients who are victimized of these nursing errors. How is the severity of the impact experienced by each patient when they bear errors that, as a result of medical officers, in this case, nurses? These articles observed research ethics because they were based on a practical environment, and all participants used for research were aware of the research being conducted.
These articles have different objectives, but all of them are concentrated in errors that are manifested in a medical setting by patients due to a nurse's faults of efficiency. The first article, in this case, is based on errors that are committed by nurses in cases of outpatient. The article associates these errors to technological shortcomings, which are as a result of a new method of prescribing outpatient (Matthew E. Hirschtritt, Steven Chan, Wilson O. Ly, Pharm). The second research article uses a more general approach whereby it assesses the general reasons why nurses find themselves committing errors while issuing medication to patients. This research article covers the reasons why these errors are manifested on a regular basis (Midwifery Journal, 2018).
The third article that I used for my paper was based on the frequency and severing of adverse effects suffered by patients for a case of nursing errors. To serve the purpose, the article is based on patients who exhibit old age demographic factors (Risk Management Health Policy, 2013). From the fourth research article that I used to assess my clinical issue in question, it was more related to the other three articles. It is also based on the reason for errors that are manifested in a psychiatric setting. In particle, the article focuses on the type and the nature of errors that are prevalent in the psychiatric setting (International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 2010).
Each of these research articles uses different methods to mine data and factual information about errors that are prevalent in the medical setting. They range from qualitative methods, quantitative methods, and others are based on mixed methods. The first article that I used for my clinical issue is based on a theoretical approach hence qualitative methodology. The article has an in-depth theoretical explanation of these errors from nurses. The second article is based on a quantitative methodology. Figures collected from participants are analyzed using ANOVA and chi-square tests. The ...
Running head CRITIQUE QUANTITATIVE, QUALITATIVE, OR MIXED METHODS.docxtodd271
Running head: CRITIQUE QUANTITATIVE, QUALITATIVE, OR MIXED METHODS DESIGN
5
CRITIQUE OF QUANTITATIVE, QUALITATIVE, OR MIXED METHODS DESIGN
Critiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Methods Studies
Adenike George
Walden University
NURS 6052: Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice
April 11, 2019
Critique of Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Method Design
Both quantitative and qualitative methods play a pivotal role in nursing research. Qualitative research helps nurses and other healthcare workers to understand the experiences of the patients on health and illness. Quantitative data allows researchers to use an accurate approach in data collection and analysis. When using quantitative techniques, data can be analyzed using either descriptive statistics or inferential statistics which allows the researchers to derive important facts like demographics, preference trends, and differences between the groups. The paper comprehensively critiques quantitative and quantitative techniques of research. Furthermore, the author will also give reasons as to why qualitative methods should be regarded as scientific.
The overall value of quantitative and Qualitative Research
Quantitative studies allow the researchers to present data in terms of numbers. Since data is in numeric form, researchers can apply statistical techniques in analyzing it. These include descriptive statistics like mean, mode, median, standard deviation and inferential statistics such as ANOVA, t-tests, correlation and regression analysis. Statistical analysis allows us to derive important facts from data such as preference trends, demographics, and differences between groups. For instance, by conducting a mixed methods study to determine the feeding experiences of infants among teen mothers in North Carolina, Tucker and colleagues were able to compare breastfeeding trends among various population groups. The multiple groups compared were likely to initiate breastfeeding as follows: Hispanic teens 89%, Black American teens 41%, and White teens 52% (Tucker et al., 2011).
The high strength of quantitative analysis lies in providing data that is descriptive. The descriptive statistics helps us to capture a snapshot of the population. When analyzed appropriate, the descriptive data enables us to make general conclusions concerning the population. For instance, through detailed data analysis, Tucker and co-researchers were able to observe that there were a large number of adolescents who ceased breastfeeding within the first month drawing the need for nurses to conduct individualized follow-ups the early days after hospital discharge. These follow-ups would significantly assist in addressing the conventional technical problems and offer support in managing back to school transition (Tucker et al., 2011).
Qualitative research allows researchers to determine the client’s perspective on healthcare. It enables researchers to observe certain behaviors and experiences amo.
Critical Research Appraisal AssignmentNUR501 PhilosophiMargenePurnell14
Critical Research Appraisal Assignment
NUR501: Philosophical & Theoretical, Evidence-Based Research
Dr. Corzo-Sanchez
June 24, 2022
Critical Research Appraisal Assignment
Nursing research uncovers new knowledge to help build the foundation of clinical practice. Research can help prevent diseases and disabilities, help manage symptoms, establish new treatment plans and improve nursing skills. This is why nurses need to be able to participate in and analyze research, as this can bring positive outcomes to their careers and the health of their patients. There are two different types of research, quantitative and qualitative, that provide information and data. For this assignment, I chose one qualitative research that focuses on the stress and burnout experienced by nursing professionals and one quantitative analysis that explores nurses’ knowledge regarding hand hygiene. Each study will be evaluated thoroughly and analyzed.
Qualitative Research
The definition of qualitative research can be challenging. Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences (Morgan et al., 2021). This form of research explores deeper insights into real-world problems in an emergent and holistic way. Qualitative data can be collected using various methods such as interviews, focus groups, observations, and documentation analysis (Hoover, 2021). Qualitative research has been used in nursing for many years, but it was not the first method used in nursing. Before quantitative research, philosophical methods such as hermeneutics and phenomenology were the only options for professional inquiry (Butts & Rich, 2017). However, it was changed to qualitative research because its ways were incompatible with science. There are three major approaches to qualitative research, (1) ethnography, based on anthropology, (2) phenomenology, drawn from philosophy; and (3) grounded theory, drawn from sociology (Morgan et al., 2021). The use of qualitative studies is common due to its many strengths, such as providing multiple methods of data collection, more detailed information, and how it can refine and strengthen quantitative research. However, some of the limitations of this form of research are difficulty analyzing and collecting data while being more time-consuming.
Evaluating and Analyzing a Selected Qualitative Study
For the example of the qualitative study, I chose Luis M. Dos Santos's study, which focused on the effects of stress, burnout, and low self-efficacy in nursing professionals. The quantitative research aimed to understand and explore how social and environmental factors influence nursing professionals’ self-efficacy. In the study, the Social Cognitive Theory was used to define how each subject was affected based on their thoughts, behaviors, feeling, and personal beliefs (Dos Santos, 2020). For this research study, the phenomenological approach and analysis were used thought the survey to collec ...
Running head SEARCHING AND CRITIQUING THE EVIDENCE1SEARCHING .docxtoltonkendal
Running head: SEARCHING AND CRITIQUING THE EVIDENCE 1
SEARCHING AND CRITIQUING THE EVIDENCE 4
Searching and Critiquing the Evidence
Student’s Name
Institution
Date
Searching and Critiquing the Evidence
There are various research studies that have been done on the outcome of self-care on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. In most of the studies, the most prevalent results are that self-care is an effective method of improving the health and lifestyle outcomes of Type 2 Diabetes patients. Krishna and Boren (2008) conducted a systematic review of evidence-based studies done between 1996 and 2007. The study analyzed 18 researches done within the selected time period and found that using phone calls and text messages to assist diabetes patients could improve the self-management outcomes. Shrivastava et al. (2013) analyzed the effectiveness of self-management for the diabetes mellitus patients. The study found that self-care helps to reduce the rate of morbidity and mortality among diabetes patients.
In addition, Steinsbekk et al. (2013) conducted a meta-analysis comparing the differences between the outcomes of group based self-management education and routine treatment for Type 2 diabetes patients. The study analyzed 21 studies that included studied on 2833 participants. The results of the meta-analysis showed that group-based self-management education helped to improve the psychosocial, clinical, and lifestyle outcomes among the diabetes patients. Lastly, Tang et al. (2008) examined the impact of social support and quality of life on the self-care behaviors of African American Type 2 diabetes patients. The study followed an observational design with 89 African-American adults, who were aged 40 and above. The study found that social support is vital for self-management to be effective in diabetes treatment.
The selected studies have helped to strengthen the merit of my selected theoretical framework. The theory selected for the study was Dorothea Orem’s Self Care Theory. These studies have helped to demonstrate some important evidence-based facts about the effectiveness of self-care for diabetes patients hence helping to prove the credibility of the theory. The scrutiny of these studies has helped to discover the degree of effectiveness of this theory and the best application methods that can make it an effective approach to improving the outcomes of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Levels of Evidence in the Articles
The classification of the level of evidence of a given research is important in evidence-based studies because they help to show how accurate, credible, or reliable a research is (Gray, Grove & Sutherland, 2017). The most prevalent evidence in the research articles analyzed is Level II evidence. Level II evidence is one that is obtained from at least one randomized control trial (Moran, Burson & Conrad, 2017). The articles by Krishna and Boren (2008) and Steinsbekk et al. (2013) conducted meta-analyses of various rese ...
Part 6 Disseminating Results Create a 5-minute, 5- to 6-sli.docxsmile790243
Part 6: Disseminating Results
Create a 5-minute, 5- to 6-slide narrated PowerPoint presentation of your Evidence-Based Project:
· Be sure to incorporate any feedback or changes from your presentation submission in Module 5.
· Explain how you would disseminate the results of your project to an audience. Provide a rationale for why you selected this dissemination strategy.
Points Range: 81 (81%) - 90 (90%)
The narrated presentation accurately and completely summarizes the evidence-based project. The narrated presentation is professional in nature and thoroughly addresses all components of the evidence-based project.
The narrated presentation accurately and clearly explains in detail how to disseminate the results of the project to an audience, citing specific and relevant examples.
The narrated presentation accurately and clearly provides a justification that details the selection of this dissemination strategy that is fully supported by specific and relevant examples.
The narrated presentation provides a complete, detailed, and specific synthesis of two outside resources related to the dissemination strategy explained. The narrated presentation fully integrates at least two outside resources and two or three course-specific resources that fully support the presentation.
Written Expression and Formatting—Paragraph Development and Organization:
Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria.
Points Range: 5 (5%) - 5 (5%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.
A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion is provided which delineates all required criteria.
Written Expression and Formatting—English Writing Standards:
Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation.
Points Range: 5 (5%) - 5 (5%)
Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.
Evidenced Based Change
Leslie Hill
Walden University
Introduction/PurposeChange is inevitable.Health care organizations need change to improve.There are challenges that need to be addressed(Baraka-Johnson et al. 2019).Challenges should be addressed using evidence-based research.These changes enhance professionalism therefore improving quality of care and quality of life.The purpose of this paper is to identify an existing problem in health care and suggest a change idea that would be effective in addressing the problem. The paper also articulates risks associated with the change process, how to distribute the change information and how to implement change successfully.
Organizational CultureThe Organization is a hospice facilityOffers end of life care for pain and symptom managementThe health care providers cu.
EVIDENCE –BASED PRACTICES 1
Evidence-Based Practices
Stephanie Petit-homme
Miami Regional University
Professor: Garcia Mercedes
07/05/2021
Evidence-Based Practices to Guide Clinical Practices
In other terms recognized as evidence-based medication, evidence-based scientific practice is elucidated as the careful, obvious, and judicious use of the best indication in creating results for the outstanding care of separate patients. It helps those who brand the choices to device best healthcare practices while drawing the roadmaps for the health system. In clinical trials, the integration of the EBCP entails clinical respiratory medicine considers two fundamental principles. For example, the principle is the hierarchy of the evidence and the art of clinical decision-making.
The interrelationship between the theory, research, and EBP
The relationship between the theory, research, and the EBP supports the three recognition programs. They still relate in terms of the magnet model component of modern knowledge, innovation, and advancement. They describe in a way in which they lead to the promotion of quality in a setting that makes supports professional practices. Second, there is the identification of excellence in giving nursing services to sick people or the people who stay around. For instance, the model, which is other terms the magnet theory, has got five components ( Reddy, 2018).
The first constituent includes transformational management; the additional is structural authorization. The third one is archetypal specialized practices, new information, invention, and upgrading. Lastly, in the model, there are the empirical quality outcomes. For the achievement of the aims of the goals that have been set, there is a need to make sure that the theory, current knowledge innovation, and the improvements and the components that are found in view all the nurses who are located in the levels of the healthcare company need to get involved.
The research has its primary purpose for the help of coming up with knowledge or the validation done for the knowledge that has always been there from before based on the theory. There is systematic, scientific questioning in the research to give the answers to some of the specific questions. It can use the test hypotheses and the rigorous method, the primary purpose of the study being for investigation knowing of the new things and the exploration. There is a need to understand the philosophy of science.
Second, on the EBP, there is no development of the new knowledge or even the learning being validated. The primary purpose of the EBP is to translate the evidence and then apply it to medical executive. It uses the indication available to brand patient-care choices. The EBP goes yonder the exploration as fine as the persevering penchants and ideals. The EBP retains into deliberation that the best indication is for the opinion leaders and the experts. Even though there is the existence of definitiv ...
Running Head PICOT STATEMENT ON PRESSURE ULCERS1PICOT STA.docxgemaherd
Running Head: PICOT STATEMENT ON PRESSURE ULCERS
1
PICOT STATEMENT ON PRESSURE ULCERS
2
PICOT Question pressure ulcers
Student’s Name: Vladimir Andino
University Affiliation: GCU
PICOT Question
According to a report by CDC, approximately 3 million people develop pressure injuries each year. Pressure ulcers reduce the quality of quality of life. Each year a considerably large number of people are diagnosed with pressure injuries. Various ways can be used to prevent the progression of this phenomenon. This paper evaluates the most effective option that can be applied to prevent pressure injuries. It is framed based on the PICOT statement,
(P) patients with severe pressure injuries.
(I) is the surgical removal of ulcers.
(C) compared with the administration of antibiotics.
(O) more effective in treatment of pressure injuries.
(T) in the short-term medical plan.
Edlich, R., Winters, K. L., Woodard, C. R., Buschbacher, R. M., Long III, W. B., Gebhart, J. H., & Ma, E. K. (2004). Pressure ulcer prevention. Journal of long-term effects of medical implants, 14(4).
This study explicitly analyzes prevention as well as treatment actions that should be taken by nurses who carry the burden of reducing this phenomenon. The study is a qualitative study, in the sense that it does not involve an analysis of data both mathematically and graphically.
The authors use published information to support their arguments hence it is a peer-reviewed secondary study.
After evaluation, the study confirms that nurses should conduct preventative measures to reduce the effects of pressure injuries. This can be achieved by involving various types of treatment and nursing interventions to mention a few.
Bluestein, D., & Javaheri, A. (2008). Pressure ulcers: prevention, evaluation, and management. American family physician, 78(10).
. This study comprehensively evaluates the predominant factors associated with wounds. The study relies on pre-existing data.
The authors conclude that appropriate dressing is important to prevent critical health issues. It is from this point of view that the study advises on thorough check-ups and in case there are no improvement medicals procedures should be taken.
Vanderwee, K., Defloor, T., Beeckman, D., Demarré, L., Verhaeghe, S., Van Durme, T., & Gobert, M. (2011). Assessing the adequacy of pressure ulcer prevention in hospitals: a nationwide prevalence survey. BMJ Quality & Safety, 20(3), 260-267.
The study assesses the efficacy of pressure ulcer prevention in health cares. This is a primary study because the author organizes, collect and analyzes data. Also, this is a quantitative study because it statistically analyzes data.
The study confirmed that there is a limited use of proper preventions measures with respect to pressure injuries and wounds. In other words, the study confirmed that there is a rather low-quality care.
Sving, E., Gunningberg, L., Högman, M., & Mamhidir, A. G. (2012). Registered nurses’ attention t ...
COMPLETED WEEK 2In 350-400 Words1. Share an example of evidencLynellBull52
COMPLETED WEEK 2
In 350-400 Words
1. Share an example of evidence-based practice from your work setting.
B & C. Describe how qualitative and quantitative research results can be used to solve practice problems. This is known as translational research.
2. Refer back to last module's discussion board item #4 in which you identified one or two potential problems that you are considering for your DNP Project. As we move into the building blocks for evidence, try to think about what you want to improve through your DNP project.
A. State the problem that you are considering for your DNP project.
B. Find a peer-reviewed quantitative research article that addresses this problem.
C & D. State the type of research design and the associated level of evidence in the article.
E. What critical appraisal questions did you use to critique this article from Melnyk Chapter 5? Please list both the question and the answer to each question. (Use the questions that match the research design in the article).
F. How can you use this evidence from your chosen article to solve your clinical problem?
RESOURCES
Corey, G. (2020).
Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy, enhanced. Cengage.
Denise F. Polit, & Cheryl Tatano Beck. (2017).
Nursing research : Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (Tenth edition ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
Knight, C., & Wheeler, K. (2020).
Case study approach to psychotherapy for advanced practice psychiatric nurses. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated.
Moran, K. J., Burson, R., & Conrad, D. (2019a).
The doctor of nursing practice project (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC.
White, K. M., Dudley-Brown, S., & Terhaar, M. F. (2019).
Translation of evidence into nursing and healthcare (3rd ed.). Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated.
ANSWER
Share an example of evidence-based practice from your work setting. Describe how qualitative and quantitative research results can solve practice problems.
The care given to adolescents who sustain mild traumatic brain injuries while participating in extracurricular activities is an example of evidence-based treatment in the school context, as I learned in my previous role as a school nurse. With experience as both a nurse and a coach (crucial in the absence of an athletic trainer at the school), this individual was looked to for advice if a student had a concussion or other head trauma while participating in a sport (Knight & Wheeler, 2020). Both quantitative and qualitative research methods can produce evidence for nursing practice and address issues that arise in the field. The findings of quantitative studies would be in the form of numerical, statistical data. Studies of phenomena or a more holistic focus can be gathered through qualitative research's use of narrative materials, available research methods, an ...
Running head PHD IT 1PHD IT 5Written Interview Qu.docxtodd581
Running head: PHD IT 1
PHD IT 5
Written Interview Questions: PhD IT
Student’s name
Professor’s name
Course title
Date
Phd IT
Q 1: Information technology research interests, importance, and inspiration
Information technology must not be underestimated. Organizations now recognize information technology as a first mover advantage over the competitors. The increased desire for smart cities, sophisticated robotics, and now that the society is in the information age requires technology wizards to help in the transition. Notably, increased cyber attacks reports need more research. I am interested in finding out the emerging threats and safety precautions to lend a hand in reducing losses as a result the threats. The other is data breaching. The wide embrace of electronic commerce and storage of information electronically has led to the breach of sensitive information. Studying information technology in-depth will grant insights on how to govern information. Big data is common today. I would wish to know about the analytics of big data and its applications to make sound decisions. Risk is a fact. Knowledge on enterprise risk management is essential for the management of risks. Information technology varieties reflect the need to research about the technologies for a global world. Data is becoming more complex, calling for data science knowledge.
Q 2: Reasons for selecting PhD in information technology including University of the Cumberlands
Now that the world is driven by information technology is a sign of growth. To a student, this implies increased job opportunities which is a plus if one has a doctorate degree. A doctorate person can fit in careers that require high technology such as information technology consultant, strategist, architect, director, and chief information officer over a master’s person. A PhD will therefore, grant me the theories and strategies important to become a leader in technology management. University of the Cumberlands was chosen because it has been certified by the National Security Agency as well as Homeland Security as a center of excellence in the prevention of cyber threats (University of the Cumberlands, 2018). The university also offers the chance to study online and takes into account the student’s schedule to have time for work and home.
Q 3: Strengths verses weaknesses including impacts
More research is expected of a PhD student. The ability to research and write well will be beneficial in delivering the needed content. A thinker is also required to present substantive knowledge. Sacrifice in terms of time and effort is a must to graduate within the allocated duration. I am well-prepared to pursue this study because of the focus that I have. Additionally, I have shared about my interests and goals with my mentor therefore, assured that I am in the correct field. The selected mentor is knowledgeable about information technology and will get to this person when faced by any challenge. I a.
Running head PERSONALITY INVENTORIES1PERSONALITY INVENTORIE.docxtodd581
Running head: PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 1
PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 9
Personality Inventories as Evidence of Personality
Matthew M. Rosario
University of the Rookies
May 15, 2018
Abstract
It can be difficult to understand law in relations to psychology and the way behavior can be explained in a more practical application. Unfortunately, the advancement of psychology and the perception of law are at a constant struggle with each other because law is specific and psychology is changing. Understanding how juror verdict come to be not from a lawyer standpoint by a psychological one can be beneficial as far a juror selection. Juror selection is the most important part during pre-trial services. Being able to use science to investigate juror personality in regards to personality evidence can create a new theory in psychology and law once the research begins and the length and understanding of the topic is better. This paper will outline information of my research topic.
Personality Inventories as Evidence of Personality
It can be difficult to understand law in relations to psychology and the way behavior can be explained in a more practical application. Unfortunately, the advancement of psychology and the perception of law are at a constant struggle with each other because law is specific and psychology is changing. Law does not change in theory, but psychology does which enhances psychological understanding of the world. Being able to identify juror in favor of a particlar postion during “Voir Dire” can be beneficial during legal preceedings. Voir dire is the ability to rehabilitate the jury by allowing the judge and attorney to observe and ask questions to eliminate bias jurors before selecting the final 12 jurors who will preside over the case (Erik, Marek, 2016). Unfortunately, this method can be used in order to evaluate which juror would be most benefical for a particlar lawyer during a trial. In other words, lawyers have the ability to munapluate the selction process in order to gain juror in their favor. According to Schuller, Erentzen, Vo, and Li (2015) it is the right for one to be tried by an impartial and independent jury from one’s peers, but this can be difficult when peers can be prejudice or possibly chosen by attorneys to benefit their position. At this time there is mininal psychological assessement being conducted in order to understand the jurors position outside of their biases. Because this is a new topic emerging in studies, more research needs to be conducted in order to understand the bases of trial science and the annotation of using trial consultant to create mock trials for juror selection for their advantage. Due to trial science being a new specialty this lead to the research topic can personality inventories indicate a juror verdict during trial? Many researchers concluded that juror background demographic information, education and personality could influence a juror verdict, but did not con.
1Running Head A CLINICAL ISSUEA Clinical Issue.docxjesusamckone
1
Running Head: A CLINICAL ISSUE
A Clinical Issue
Nursing Errors
Roberto J Silva
Evidence-Based Practice
Walden University
March 15, 2020
Perfection is not in humans, but at times we commit errors in areas that we should not. Such an environment is a medical setting because we deal with human life, which is very precious and once lost, cannot be recovered. Therefore, I based my clinical issue on a question on why there are errors in the medical field. I found this clinical issue to work hand in hand with the question of what are the adverse effects suffered by patients who are victimized of these nursing errors. How is the severity of the impact experienced by each patient when they bear errors that, as a result of medical officers, in this case, nurses? These articles observed research ethics because they were based on a practical environment, and all participants used for research were aware of the research being conducted.
These articles have different objectives, but all of them are concentrated in errors that are manifested in a medical setting by patients due to a nurse's faults of efficiency. The first article, in this case, is based on errors that are committed by nurses in cases of outpatient. The article associates these errors to technological shortcomings, which are as a result of a new method of prescribing outpatient (Matthew E. Hirschtritt, Steven Chan, Wilson O. Ly, Pharm). The second research article uses a more general approach whereby it assesses the general reasons why nurses find themselves committing errors while issuing medication to patients. This research article covers the reasons why these errors are manifested on a regular basis (Midwifery Journal, 2018).
The third article that I used for my paper was based on the frequency and severing of adverse effects suffered by patients for a case of nursing errors. To serve the purpose, the article is based on patients who exhibit old age demographic factors (Risk Management Health Policy, 2013). From the fourth research article that I used to assess my clinical issue in question, it was more related to the other three articles. It is also based on the reason for errors that are manifested in a psychiatric setting. In particle, the article focuses on the type and the nature of errors that are prevalent in the psychiatric setting (International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 2010).
Each of these research articles uses different methods to mine data and factual information about errors that are prevalent in the medical setting. They range from qualitative methods, quantitative methods, and others are based on mixed methods. The first article that I used for my clinical issue is based on a theoretical approach hence qualitative methodology. The article has an in-depth theoretical explanation of these errors from nurses. The second article is based on a quantitative methodology. Figures collected from participants are analyzed using ANOVA and chi-square tests. The .
1Running Head A CLINICAL ISSUEA Clinical Issue.docxaulasnilda
1
Running Head: A CLINICAL ISSUE
A Clinical Issue
Nursing Errors
Roberto J Silva
Evidence-Based Practice
Walden University
March 15, 2020
Perfection is not in humans, but at times we commit errors in areas that we should not. Such an environment is a medical setting because we deal with human life, which is very precious and once lost, cannot be recovered. Therefore, I based my clinical issue on a question on why there are errors in the medical field. I found this clinical issue to work hand in hand with the question of what are the adverse effects suffered by patients who are victimized of these nursing errors. How is the severity of the impact experienced by each patient when they bear errors that, as a result of medical officers, in this case, nurses? These articles observed research ethics because they were based on a practical environment, and all participants used for research were aware of the research being conducted.
These articles have different objectives, but all of them are concentrated in errors that are manifested in a medical setting by patients due to a nurse's faults of efficiency. The first article, in this case, is based on errors that are committed by nurses in cases of outpatient. The article associates these errors to technological shortcomings, which are as a result of a new method of prescribing outpatient (Matthew E. Hirschtritt, Steven Chan, Wilson O. Ly, Pharm). The second research article uses a more general approach whereby it assesses the general reasons why nurses find themselves committing errors while issuing medication to patients. This research article covers the reasons why these errors are manifested on a regular basis (Midwifery Journal, 2018).
The third article that I used for my paper was based on the frequency and severing of adverse effects suffered by patients for a case of nursing errors. To serve the purpose, the article is based on patients who exhibit old age demographic factors (Risk Management Health Policy, 2013). From the fourth research article that I used to assess my clinical issue in question, it was more related to the other three articles. It is also based on the reason for errors that are manifested in a psychiatric setting. In particle, the article focuses on the type and the nature of errors that are prevalent in the psychiatric setting (International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 2010).
Each of these research articles uses different methods to mine data and factual information about errors that are prevalent in the medical setting. They range from qualitative methods, quantitative methods, and others are based on mixed methods. The first article that I used for my clinical issue is based on a theoretical approach hence qualitative methodology. The article has an in-depth theoretical explanation of these errors from nurses. The second article is based on a quantitative methodology. Figures collected from participants are analyzed using ANOVA and chi-square tests. The ...
Running head CRITIQUE QUANTITATIVE, QUALITATIVE, OR MIXED METHODS.docxtodd271
Running head: CRITIQUE QUANTITATIVE, QUALITATIVE, OR MIXED METHODS DESIGN
5
CRITIQUE OF QUANTITATIVE, QUALITATIVE, OR MIXED METHODS DESIGN
Critiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Methods Studies
Adenike George
Walden University
NURS 6052: Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice
April 11, 2019
Critique of Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Method Design
Both quantitative and qualitative methods play a pivotal role in nursing research. Qualitative research helps nurses and other healthcare workers to understand the experiences of the patients on health and illness. Quantitative data allows researchers to use an accurate approach in data collection and analysis. When using quantitative techniques, data can be analyzed using either descriptive statistics or inferential statistics which allows the researchers to derive important facts like demographics, preference trends, and differences between the groups. The paper comprehensively critiques quantitative and quantitative techniques of research. Furthermore, the author will also give reasons as to why qualitative methods should be regarded as scientific.
The overall value of quantitative and Qualitative Research
Quantitative studies allow the researchers to present data in terms of numbers. Since data is in numeric form, researchers can apply statistical techniques in analyzing it. These include descriptive statistics like mean, mode, median, standard deviation and inferential statistics such as ANOVA, t-tests, correlation and regression analysis. Statistical analysis allows us to derive important facts from data such as preference trends, demographics, and differences between groups. For instance, by conducting a mixed methods study to determine the feeding experiences of infants among teen mothers in North Carolina, Tucker and colleagues were able to compare breastfeeding trends among various population groups. The multiple groups compared were likely to initiate breastfeeding as follows: Hispanic teens 89%, Black American teens 41%, and White teens 52% (Tucker et al., 2011).
The high strength of quantitative analysis lies in providing data that is descriptive. The descriptive statistics helps us to capture a snapshot of the population. When analyzed appropriate, the descriptive data enables us to make general conclusions concerning the population. For instance, through detailed data analysis, Tucker and co-researchers were able to observe that there were a large number of adolescents who ceased breastfeeding within the first month drawing the need for nurses to conduct individualized follow-ups the early days after hospital discharge. These follow-ups would significantly assist in addressing the conventional technical problems and offer support in managing back to school transition (Tucker et al., 2011).
Qualitative research allows researchers to determine the client’s perspective on healthcare. It enables researchers to observe certain behaviors and experiences amo.
Critical Research Appraisal AssignmentNUR501 PhilosophiMargenePurnell14
Critical Research Appraisal Assignment
NUR501: Philosophical & Theoretical, Evidence-Based Research
Dr. Corzo-Sanchez
June 24, 2022
Critical Research Appraisal Assignment
Nursing research uncovers new knowledge to help build the foundation of clinical practice. Research can help prevent diseases and disabilities, help manage symptoms, establish new treatment plans and improve nursing skills. This is why nurses need to be able to participate in and analyze research, as this can bring positive outcomes to their careers and the health of their patients. There are two different types of research, quantitative and qualitative, that provide information and data. For this assignment, I chose one qualitative research that focuses on the stress and burnout experienced by nursing professionals and one quantitative analysis that explores nurses’ knowledge regarding hand hygiene. Each study will be evaluated thoroughly and analyzed.
Qualitative Research
The definition of qualitative research can be challenging. Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences (Morgan et al., 2021). This form of research explores deeper insights into real-world problems in an emergent and holistic way. Qualitative data can be collected using various methods such as interviews, focus groups, observations, and documentation analysis (Hoover, 2021). Qualitative research has been used in nursing for many years, but it was not the first method used in nursing. Before quantitative research, philosophical methods such as hermeneutics and phenomenology were the only options for professional inquiry (Butts & Rich, 2017). However, it was changed to qualitative research because its ways were incompatible with science. There are three major approaches to qualitative research, (1) ethnography, based on anthropology, (2) phenomenology, drawn from philosophy; and (3) grounded theory, drawn from sociology (Morgan et al., 2021). The use of qualitative studies is common due to its many strengths, such as providing multiple methods of data collection, more detailed information, and how it can refine and strengthen quantitative research. However, some of the limitations of this form of research are difficulty analyzing and collecting data while being more time-consuming.
Evaluating and Analyzing a Selected Qualitative Study
For the example of the qualitative study, I chose Luis M. Dos Santos's study, which focused on the effects of stress, burnout, and low self-efficacy in nursing professionals. The quantitative research aimed to understand and explore how social and environmental factors influence nursing professionals’ self-efficacy. In the study, the Social Cognitive Theory was used to define how each subject was affected based on their thoughts, behaviors, feeling, and personal beliefs (Dos Santos, 2020). For this research study, the phenomenological approach and analysis were used thought the survey to collec ...
Running head SEARCHING AND CRITIQUING THE EVIDENCE1SEARCHING .docxtoltonkendal
Running head: SEARCHING AND CRITIQUING THE EVIDENCE 1
SEARCHING AND CRITIQUING THE EVIDENCE 4
Searching and Critiquing the Evidence
Student’s Name
Institution
Date
Searching and Critiquing the Evidence
There are various research studies that have been done on the outcome of self-care on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. In most of the studies, the most prevalent results are that self-care is an effective method of improving the health and lifestyle outcomes of Type 2 Diabetes patients. Krishna and Boren (2008) conducted a systematic review of evidence-based studies done between 1996 and 2007. The study analyzed 18 researches done within the selected time period and found that using phone calls and text messages to assist diabetes patients could improve the self-management outcomes. Shrivastava et al. (2013) analyzed the effectiveness of self-management for the diabetes mellitus patients. The study found that self-care helps to reduce the rate of morbidity and mortality among diabetes patients.
In addition, Steinsbekk et al. (2013) conducted a meta-analysis comparing the differences between the outcomes of group based self-management education and routine treatment for Type 2 diabetes patients. The study analyzed 21 studies that included studied on 2833 participants. The results of the meta-analysis showed that group-based self-management education helped to improve the psychosocial, clinical, and lifestyle outcomes among the diabetes patients. Lastly, Tang et al. (2008) examined the impact of social support and quality of life on the self-care behaviors of African American Type 2 diabetes patients. The study followed an observational design with 89 African-American adults, who were aged 40 and above. The study found that social support is vital for self-management to be effective in diabetes treatment.
The selected studies have helped to strengthen the merit of my selected theoretical framework. The theory selected for the study was Dorothea Orem’s Self Care Theory. These studies have helped to demonstrate some important evidence-based facts about the effectiveness of self-care for diabetes patients hence helping to prove the credibility of the theory. The scrutiny of these studies has helped to discover the degree of effectiveness of this theory and the best application methods that can make it an effective approach to improving the outcomes of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Levels of Evidence in the Articles
The classification of the level of evidence of a given research is important in evidence-based studies because they help to show how accurate, credible, or reliable a research is (Gray, Grove & Sutherland, 2017). The most prevalent evidence in the research articles analyzed is Level II evidence. Level II evidence is one that is obtained from at least one randomized control trial (Moran, Burson & Conrad, 2017). The articles by Krishna and Boren (2008) and Steinsbekk et al. (2013) conducted meta-analyses of various rese ...
Part 6 Disseminating Results Create a 5-minute, 5- to 6-sli.docxsmile790243
Part 6: Disseminating Results
Create a 5-minute, 5- to 6-slide narrated PowerPoint presentation of your Evidence-Based Project:
· Be sure to incorporate any feedback or changes from your presentation submission in Module 5.
· Explain how you would disseminate the results of your project to an audience. Provide a rationale for why you selected this dissemination strategy.
Points Range: 81 (81%) - 90 (90%)
The narrated presentation accurately and completely summarizes the evidence-based project. The narrated presentation is professional in nature and thoroughly addresses all components of the evidence-based project.
The narrated presentation accurately and clearly explains in detail how to disseminate the results of the project to an audience, citing specific and relevant examples.
The narrated presentation accurately and clearly provides a justification that details the selection of this dissemination strategy that is fully supported by specific and relevant examples.
The narrated presentation provides a complete, detailed, and specific synthesis of two outside resources related to the dissemination strategy explained. The narrated presentation fully integrates at least two outside resources and two or three course-specific resources that fully support the presentation.
Written Expression and Formatting—Paragraph Development and Organization:
Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria.
Points Range: 5 (5%) - 5 (5%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.
A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion is provided which delineates all required criteria.
Written Expression and Formatting—English Writing Standards:
Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation.
Points Range: 5 (5%) - 5 (5%)
Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.
Evidenced Based Change
Leslie Hill
Walden University
Introduction/PurposeChange is inevitable.Health care organizations need change to improve.There are challenges that need to be addressed(Baraka-Johnson et al. 2019).Challenges should be addressed using evidence-based research.These changes enhance professionalism therefore improving quality of care and quality of life.The purpose of this paper is to identify an existing problem in health care and suggest a change idea that would be effective in addressing the problem. The paper also articulates risks associated with the change process, how to distribute the change information and how to implement change successfully.
Organizational CultureThe Organization is a hospice facilityOffers end of life care for pain and symptom managementThe health care providers cu.
EVIDENCE –BASED PRACTICES 1
Evidence-Based Practices
Stephanie Petit-homme
Miami Regional University
Professor: Garcia Mercedes
07/05/2021
Evidence-Based Practices to Guide Clinical Practices
In other terms recognized as evidence-based medication, evidence-based scientific practice is elucidated as the careful, obvious, and judicious use of the best indication in creating results for the outstanding care of separate patients. It helps those who brand the choices to device best healthcare practices while drawing the roadmaps for the health system. In clinical trials, the integration of the EBCP entails clinical respiratory medicine considers two fundamental principles. For example, the principle is the hierarchy of the evidence and the art of clinical decision-making.
The interrelationship between the theory, research, and EBP
The relationship between the theory, research, and the EBP supports the three recognition programs. They still relate in terms of the magnet model component of modern knowledge, innovation, and advancement. They describe in a way in which they lead to the promotion of quality in a setting that makes supports professional practices. Second, there is the identification of excellence in giving nursing services to sick people or the people who stay around. For instance, the model, which is other terms the magnet theory, has got five components ( Reddy, 2018).
The first constituent includes transformational management; the additional is structural authorization. The third one is archetypal specialized practices, new information, invention, and upgrading. Lastly, in the model, there are the empirical quality outcomes. For the achievement of the aims of the goals that have been set, there is a need to make sure that the theory, current knowledge innovation, and the improvements and the components that are found in view all the nurses who are located in the levels of the healthcare company need to get involved.
The research has its primary purpose for the help of coming up with knowledge or the validation done for the knowledge that has always been there from before based on the theory. There is systematic, scientific questioning in the research to give the answers to some of the specific questions. It can use the test hypotheses and the rigorous method, the primary purpose of the study being for investigation knowing of the new things and the exploration. There is a need to understand the philosophy of science.
Second, on the EBP, there is no development of the new knowledge or even the learning being validated. The primary purpose of the EBP is to translate the evidence and then apply it to medical executive. It uses the indication available to brand patient-care choices. The EBP goes yonder the exploration as fine as the persevering penchants and ideals. The EBP retains into deliberation that the best indication is for the opinion leaders and the experts. Even though there is the existence of definitiv ...
Running Head PICOT STATEMENT ON PRESSURE ULCERS1PICOT STA.docxgemaherd
Running Head: PICOT STATEMENT ON PRESSURE ULCERS
1
PICOT STATEMENT ON PRESSURE ULCERS
2
PICOT Question pressure ulcers
Student’s Name: Vladimir Andino
University Affiliation: GCU
PICOT Question
According to a report by CDC, approximately 3 million people develop pressure injuries each year. Pressure ulcers reduce the quality of quality of life. Each year a considerably large number of people are diagnosed with pressure injuries. Various ways can be used to prevent the progression of this phenomenon. This paper evaluates the most effective option that can be applied to prevent pressure injuries. It is framed based on the PICOT statement,
(P) patients with severe pressure injuries.
(I) is the surgical removal of ulcers.
(C) compared with the administration of antibiotics.
(O) more effective in treatment of pressure injuries.
(T) in the short-term medical plan.
Edlich, R., Winters, K. L., Woodard, C. R., Buschbacher, R. M., Long III, W. B., Gebhart, J. H., & Ma, E. K. (2004). Pressure ulcer prevention. Journal of long-term effects of medical implants, 14(4).
This study explicitly analyzes prevention as well as treatment actions that should be taken by nurses who carry the burden of reducing this phenomenon. The study is a qualitative study, in the sense that it does not involve an analysis of data both mathematically and graphically.
The authors use published information to support their arguments hence it is a peer-reviewed secondary study.
After evaluation, the study confirms that nurses should conduct preventative measures to reduce the effects of pressure injuries. This can be achieved by involving various types of treatment and nursing interventions to mention a few.
Bluestein, D., & Javaheri, A. (2008). Pressure ulcers: prevention, evaluation, and management. American family physician, 78(10).
. This study comprehensively evaluates the predominant factors associated with wounds. The study relies on pre-existing data.
The authors conclude that appropriate dressing is important to prevent critical health issues. It is from this point of view that the study advises on thorough check-ups and in case there are no improvement medicals procedures should be taken.
Vanderwee, K., Defloor, T., Beeckman, D., Demarré, L., Verhaeghe, S., Van Durme, T., & Gobert, M. (2011). Assessing the adequacy of pressure ulcer prevention in hospitals: a nationwide prevalence survey. BMJ Quality & Safety, 20(3), 260-267.
The study assesses the efficacy of pressure ulcer prevention in health cares. This is a primary study because the author organizes, collect and analyzes data. Also, this is a quantitative study because it statistically analyzes data.
The study confirmed that there is a limited use of proper preventions measures with respect to pressure injuries and wounds. In other words, the study confirmed that there is a rather low-quality care.
Sving, E., Gunningberg, L., Högman, M., & Mamhidir, A. G. (2012). Registered nurses’ attention t ...
COMPLETED WEEK 2In 350-400 Words1. Share an example of evidencLynellBull52
COMPLETED WEEK 2
In 350-400 Words
1. Share an example of evidence-based practice from your work setting.
B & C. Describe how qualitative and quantitative research results can be used to solve practice problems. This is known as translational research.
2. Refer back to last module's discussion board item #4 in which you identified one or two potential problems that you are considering for your DNP Project. As we move into the building blocks for evidence, try to think about what you want to improve through your DNP project.
A. State the problem that you are considering for your DNP project.
B. Find a peer-reviewed quantitative research article that addresses this problem.
C & D. State the type of research design and the associated level of evidence in the article.
E. What critical appraisal questions did you use to critique this article from Melnyk Chapter 5? Please list both the question and the answer to each question. (Use the questions that match the research design in the article).
F. How can you use this evidence from your chosen article to solve your clinical problem?
RESOURCES
Corey, G. (2020).
Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy, enhanced. Cengage.
Denise F. Polit, & Cheryl Tatano Beck. (2017).
Nursing research : Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (Tenth edition ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
Knight, C., & Wheeler, K. (2020).
Case study approach to psychotherapy for advanced practice psychiatric nurses. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated.
Moran, K. J., Burson, R., & Conrad, D. (2019a).
The doctor of nursing practice project (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC.
White, K. M., Dudley-Brown, S., & Terhaar, M. F. (2019).
Translation of evidence into nursing and healthcare (3rd ed.). Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated.
ANSWER
Share an example of evidence-based practice from your work setting. Describe how qualitative and quantitative research results can solve practice problems.
The care given to adolescents who sustain mild traumatic brain injuries while participating in extracurricular activities is an example of evidence-based treatment in the school context, as I learned in my previous role as a school nurse. With experience as both a nurse and a coach (crucial in the absence of an athletic trainer at the school), this individual was looked to for advice if a student had a concussion or other head trauma while participating in a sport (Knight & Wheeler, 2020). Both quantitative and qualitative research methods can produce evidence for nursing practice and address issues that arise in the field. The findings of quantitative studies would be in the form of numerical, statistical data. Studies of phenomena or a more holistic focus can be gathered through qualitative research's use of narrative materials, available research methods, an ...
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Running head PHD IT 1PHD IT 5Written Interview Qu.docxtodd581
Running head: PHD IT 1
PHD IT 5
Written Interview Questions: PhD IT
Student’s name
Professor’s name
Course title
Date
Phd IT
Q 1: Information technology research interests, importance, and inspiration
Information technology must not be underestimated. Organizations now recognize information technology as a first mover advantage over the competitors. The increased desire for smart cities, sophisticated robotics, and now that the society is in the information age requires technology wizards to help in the transition. Notably, increased cyber attacks reports need more research. I am interested in finding out the emerging threats and safety precautions to lend a hand in reducing losses as a result the threats. The other is data breaching. The wide embrace of electronic commerce and storage of information electronically has led to the breach of sensitive information. Studying information technology in-depth will grant insights on how to govern information. Big data is common today. I would wish to know about the analytics of big data and its applications to make sound decisions. Risk is a fact. Knowledge on enterprise risk management is essential for the management of risks. Information technology varieties reflect the need to research about the technologies for a global world. Data is becoming more complex, calling for data science knowledge.
Q 2: Reasons for selecting PhD in information technology including University of the Cumberlands
Now that the world is driven by information technology is a sign of growth. To a student, this implies increased job opportunities which is a plus if one has a doctorate degree. A doctorate person can fit in careers that require high technology such as information technology consultant, strategist, architect, director, and chief information officer over a master’s person. A PhD will therefore, grant me the theories and strategies important to become a leader in technology management. University of the Cumberlands was chosen because it has been certified by the National Security Agency as well as Homeland Security as a center of excellence in the prevention of cyber threats (University of the Cumberlands, 2018). The university also offers the chance to study online and takes into account the student’s schedule to have time for work and home.
Q 3: Strengths verses weaknesses including impacts
More research is expected of a PhD student. The ability to research and write well will be beneficial in delivering the needed content. A thinker is also required to present substantive knowledge. Sacrifice in terms of time and effort is a must to graduate within the allocated duration. I am well-prepared to pursue this study because of the focus that I have. Additionally, I have shared about my interests and goals with my mentor therefore, assured that I am in the correct field. The selected mentor is knowledgeable about information technology and will get to this person when faced by any challenge. I a.
Running head PERSONALITY INVENTORIES1PERSONALITY INVENTORIE.docxtodd581
Running head: PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 1
PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 9
Personality Inventories as Evidence of Personality
Matthew M. Rosario
University of the Rookies
May 15, 2018
Abstract
It can be difficult to understand law in relations to psychology and the way behavior can be explained in a more practical application. Unfortunately, the advancement of psychology and the perception of law are at a constant struggle with each other because law is specific and psychology is changing. Understanding how juror verdict come to be not from a lawyer standpoint by a psychological one can be beneficial as far a juror selection. Juror selection is the most important part during pre-trial services. Being able to use science to investigate juror personality in regards to personality evidence can create a new theory in psychology and law once the research begins and the length and understanding of the topic is better. This paper will outline information of my research topic.
Personality Inventories as Evidence of Personality
It can be difficult to understand law in relations to psychology and the way behavior can be explained in a more practical application. Unfortunately, the advancement of psychology and the perception of law are at a constant struggle with each other because law is specific and psychology is changing. Law does not change in theory, but psychology does which enhances psychological understanding of the world. Being able to identify juror in favor of a particlar postion during “Voir Dire” can be beneficial during legal preceedings. Voir dire is the ability to rehabilitate the jury by allowing the judge and attorney to observe and ask questions to eliminate bias jurors before selecting the final 12 jurors who will preside over the case (Erik, Marek, 2016). Unfortunately, this method can be used in order to evaluate which juror would be most benefical for a particlar lawyer during a trial. In other words, lawyers have the ability to munapluate the selction process in order to gain juror in their favor. According to Schuller, Erentzen, Vo, and Li (2015) it is the right for one to be tried by an impartial and independent jury from one’s peers, but this can be difficult when peers can be prejudice or possibly chosen by attorneys to benefit their position. At this time there is mininal psychological assessement being conducted in order to understand the jurors position outside of their biases. Because this is a new topic emerging in studies, more research needs to be conducted in order to understand the bases of trial science and the annotation of using trial consultant to create mock trials for juror selection for their advantage. Due to trial science being a new specialty this lead to the research topic can personality inventories indicate a juror verdict during trial? Many researchers concluded that juror background demographic information, education and personality could influence a juror verdict, but did not con.
Running head: PHASE 2 1
PHASE 1 16
GenY Xploit Implementation Plan
Ken Wiechert
Robert Varela
Lakisha Trammel
Grand Canyon University: ENT-435
06/9/2019
GenY Xploit Implementation Plan
Innovation is a team activity that involves the intersection of different fields, bringing together diverse ideas, abilities, and/or methods that result in a physical product, a process, or a service that impacts society in a timely manner (National Academy of Engineering, 2015). It is imperative to influence innovation in an organization to stay in existence with other competitors. Before Team B can embrace the final phase of implementing a plan that will captivate the audience buy-in power there are two other phases that need to take place. Phase 1 has already been established and that is to purpose several innovative ideas to nominate for our new product along with a description of the models used to circulate an extensive evaluation of each product. Team B evaluated several innovation ideas mainly using the NOMMAR model which evaluated the customer needs, technology options, potential market, business model, realistic approach, and the relevancy (Miller Competition Series, n.d.). Phase 2 will finalize the name of a product, provide a description of the GenY Xploit gaming console, what value will it provide to our customer needs, utilizing the NOMMAR model a detailed implementation plane that that will include contingency, risks, budget, time frame, target market and visuals to increase readability and professional exploits.
GenY Xploit Gaming Console
Team B unanimously nominated the GenY Xploit gaming console for our new product. Introducing the new GenY Xploit gaming console into the market arena will give gamers a whole new jolt of gaming experience. The gaming console will introduce a unique design of software compatibility that will allow gamers to perform cross-platform gaming to compete with each other online no matter what gaming console they are using.
According to Karlsson, & Nystrom (2003), “The introduction of a new product on the market can basically be made in two different ways. A product can be either totally new to the market or it can be the result of a major change in an existing product” (p 136). The Gen Y Xploit is totally a new gaming console product that has the potential to revolutionize the gaming industry all over the world. Team B is excited and ready to establish this new gaming console to the gaming community world which we feel is hungry and ready for a new gaming console to take center stage. If that is not enough, we are confident that GenY Xploit will fulfill all their desires and needs for centuries to come. Presently, the latest marketing model for the gaming industry consists between two competitors, Microsoft Xbox One X and the Sony PlayStation 4 (PS4), even though the Nintendo Switch is a gaming system they are not equally comparable. It is time to beef up the competit.
Running head PERSONAL MISSION STATEMENT1PERSONAL MISSION ST.docxtodd581
Running head: PERSONAL MISSION STATEMENT
1
PERSONAL MISSION STATEMENT
4
Personal Mission Statement
Name
PSY/699
Instructor name
date
Personal Mission Statement
To begin with, I have set my eyes on becoming a social worker. Further, through my involvement in the realm of social work, I hope to help as many individuals as I can. For a long a time, I have exhibited immense passion and the need to come to the assistance of individuals who are grappling with a vast array of unsavory circumstances. My passion is as a result of my experiences of the suffering of many people whom I have interacted with throughout my life. Notably, the majority of these people had to contend with abuse and neglect for a long time. Moreover, my need is as a result of my comprehension of the fact that transforming the globe commences with the assistance of a just a single individual and having the ability to empathize with individuals. Having witnessed so much suffering throughout my life, I feel that it is right for me to do whatever I can to bring smiles to faces of individuals who have faced diverse challenging situations in their life. In this way, I believe that I will be able to bring much-needed positive contributions to my preferred profession.
Further, I bring various positive and unique qualities to social work, the most prominent of which include empathy, active listening, and persuasion. Firstly, empathy relates to the capability of an individual to identify with the situation in which another individual is. Undoubtedly, empathy is immensely critical in the realm of social work owing to the fact that it aids those partaking in the field to not only comprehend but also assist others in ascertaining solutions to their problems. Apart from this, active listening is equally critical in social work because it helps in establishing trust, opening doors, and coming to the discovery of important details regarding the people seeking the assistance of social workers. In this way, their unique circumstances can be understood. Additionally, the value of persuasion cannot be stressed enough, as it aids in influencing, coaxing, or inviting individuals to take action, for instance, when it comes to the transformation of client behavior.
With respect to how I see my role in the profession evolving through time, I hope that I will start working as a child welfare social worker in a hospital. I intend to offer services to children who are grappling with abuse and neglect owing to the actions of their parents. On top of this, I intend to assist children coming from families that do not earn enough income. In addition, I hope that I will become a hospital manager of child welfare five years after starting my practice of social work. Following the attainment of two to three years’ experience as child welfare social worker, on top of undergoing additional management training, I hope that I will be able to land the position. In addition, I intend to start a non-profit communit.
Running head PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENTPERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT.docxtodd581
Running head: PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT 6
Personality development
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to explain the concepts and theories of personality development. People tend to think widely about personality at the workplace, in schools, and in other social events. People place immediate focus on the personality and make judgments about shyness, helpful people. (Davis & Panksepp 2018) Personality makes each individual the way they are. Researchers in psychology and other fields have overtime in history researched how the personality of individuals developed. The development of personality refers to the organization of human behavior patterns, which brings uniqueness amongst various individuals. Many factors can result in personality changes such as the genetic factors, the environment one is living, styles of parenting, and other very important variables. The development of personality allows individuals to adopt an impressive personality and makes one be unique. Various psychologists have developed various theories that explain the development of human personality. Some of the theories of personality development include the psychodynamic theory, neural biological theory, the traits theory, and cognitive theory. (Rohsenow & Pinkston-Camp 2016)
Psychodynamic theory
The development of personality takes place through a certain series of stages. Each of these stages has unique conflict features in psychology. The development of human personality is developed from a number of components of the human mind. Feud believed that the three components include the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is concerned with the question "want to do that now," it is characterized by the gratification of certain basic needs and has an aspect of urgency. The superego places focus on some essential rules and morals in society. This is closely related to the commonly referred to as the human conscience. The development happens as individuals grow from childhoods to adulthood. The ego is mainly rational and part of our inner personality. A number of psychologists have criticized the feuds ideas about personality development and have rather applied the effect that the child's environment and their culture affect the development of their personality. (Rohsenow & Pinkston-Camp 2016)Alfred explored and developed a very comprehensive theory of psychodynamic personality.
The psychologists focused on the strong drive, which compensates for inferiority feelings. He developed the idea of an inferiority complex which described a situation where an individual lacks their worth and perceive themselves below the standards of other people in the society. Erickson was another psychologist who was very instrumental in the development of psychological development theory. (Brandes 2019) He argued that the development of the human personality was based on t.
Running Head PERSONAL NURSING PHILOSOPHY 1PERSONAL NURSING P.docxtodd581
Running Head: PERSONAL NURSING PHILOSOPHY 1
PERSONAL NURSING PHILOSOPHY 2
Personal nursing philosophy
Student name
Professor
Course
Date of submission
This paper focuses more on nursing paradigms that are comprised of four key elements. These factors include persons/clients, health, environment, and nursing, where each is subjected to own theoretical connotation and has an essential role in enhancing and promoting healthcare. In this regard, the paper outlines and contrast approaches and is in line with these four approaches in efforts to attain modern health care. Various theories in this regard try to give a vivid description of the environment and critical role in healthcare. All the stakeholders are therefore supposed to collectively work together as one of attaining a competitive advantage, healthcare and create a conducive work plan that total defense potential alignment of healthcare. This theory creates a personal definition that applies to the scenario in an exemplifying the applicability in the nursing processes (Warren W. Tryon, 2019).
In my analysis and interpretation, Person metaparadigm focuses more on recipient care and the patient. This facet extends and encompasses factors such as culture, personal spiritual aspects, family friends, and the associate economic status. This fact has been proved by a research hat outlined that the current world view of nursing has existentialism and humanism transcendence, which are based on their own interpretation and perception. The nature of intensive care that is acceded to a patient in some cases is based on the personal attribute and predetermined forces that surround one self. The third part is always crucial in attaining healthcare through could and proviso of essential secondary services that help in the healing processes. This is a closely associated environment metaparadigm; it deals with both external and external factors that relate to competent and reliable patient care. Some of the factors that are defined in this phase include interacting with patients, which changes the cognitive perspective of the subject. Visitors, as well as surrounding, are vital factors that can be used to determine and offer the best services to a patient (Saul McLeod,, 2015).
Am sure that nurse and the integrated practices of theories have established s scope and level of abstraction that has developed a proper framework through the nursing situation. Through capacity building a convinced that nurse intervention is the road map of attaining all phenomena and goals of universal healthcare. In this case, the use of cognitive theory appliance is predominating, arguing that intellectual structure and processes must be followed. The nurse must, therefore, attain a high degree of competency through the use of one's thought, interpretation of the environment, and correct assumption. In my opinion, this is the most critical aspect that requires professional input to attain effective, effi.
Running Head PHILOSOPHICAL WORLDVIEW1PHILOSOPHICAL WORLDVIEW.docxtodd581
Running Head: PHILOSOPHICAL WORLDVIEW 1
PHILOSOPHICAL WORLDVIEW 2
Philosophical Worldview
Kathy Greggs
Liberty University
05/27/2020
1. Which philosophical worldview most closely aligns with your perspective and the way that you view problems in the world? How so?
The approach in which we view greatly affects the approach in which we take for research purposes. I did not have that idea until I read the philosophical worldview and gained a detailed comprehension of that it involves. From this knowledge, I have found out that from the four philosophical worldview one that closely aligns with my perspective and my view of problems in the world is the pragmatic technique. This is because my approach of viewing and handling issues is based on the experience of the vice theory. Based on pragmatic view, reality exist as physical realities, psychological and social realities that involve subjective experience and perception, language, and culture. Knowledge is based on reality of the world and our experiences (Petersen, & Gencel, 2013).
2. How does understanding the connection between philosophical worldview and research methodology assist in your research approach?
The capability to associate philosophical world views to various research methodologies is essential to me. It aids in making it easier to focus on main issue of research thus making the right decision on the type of data collection methods to be used and the type of data analysis to be used. It is essential to note that the connection between the philosophical worldview and the research approach available since it will aid in defining if I implement the quantitative method or the qualitative approach. Based on the research carried out by Robson and McCarran (2016), the quantitative approach is basically focuses on the natural sciences and numerical data; as the qualitative approach is based majorly on non-numerical data and believed to be better suited for social research on individuals. Nevertheless, as pragmatist both approaches could be implemented based on my perspective or basic consensus.
3. Compare/contrast research philosophical worldview with that of a Christian worldview. Are there any areas that are problematic, or do most philosophical worldviews appear to be congruent with a Christian worldview?
A world view is a way in which we comprehend life and the world as well as the reality. The Christian worldview is a great conceptualization of the world based on a Christian view. Based on the philosophical worldviews, positivism according to me of the only one that is problematic to a Christian word view since it disclaims invisible theoretical concepts (Robson & McCarran, 2016). Post-positivism is a new worldview that tends to replace positivism and it is in line to the Christian worldview since it takes into consideration the uncertainties that positivism rejects. The other approaches are inline to the Christian world view since they are more open to the social n.
Running Head PHIL WORKSHOP1PHIL WORKSHOP 2.docxtodd581
Running Head: PHIL WORKSHOP 1
PHIL WORKSHOP 2
Phil Workshop
Name:
Institutional Affiliation:
Phil Workshop
One
According to Kant’s theory, the wrongness or rightness of actions do not rely on their outcomes but on if they tend to fulfill our responsibilities. Kant believed that there has to be a supreme guideline when it comes to morality which he mentioned to be the categorical imperative. Kant mentioned that when looking at categorical imperative, he believed that whether actions are wrong or right relies not on their consequences although on if an individual fulfils their duties (Bowie, 2002). In the philosophy according to Kant, there are diverse aspects that we learn up to date. These include: ethics, utilitarianism, among others (Winch, 2015). The limitations of this aspect are however somewhat severe. According to research, most philosophers tend to know much about several topics although they do not have any tangible mastery of a particular subject in a thorough way (Hossieni, et.al, 2016).
Both Aristotle and Kant argued that an action was classified to be moral it got to be partaken with a moral result in mind. Aristotle breaks with Kant and believes that there are not such things as the Forms or Eidos which are permanent and eternal and real. Whatever feelings one is subjected to, determines how they develop. It is better that we understand the definition of personifications.
Two
FGM, that is, female genital mutilation is a concept which denotes all the processes that involve total or partial removal of parts of the exterior female genitalia or maybe causing other injuries to the organs for non-medical or cultural reasons. According to a report by the World Health Organization on 31st January, 2018, FGM has no health benefits for women and girls. In addition, it is a violation of the women’ and girls’ violation (Reisel & Creighton, 2015). When it comes to the morals and ethical aspects of FGM, there ought to be a reasoned public dialogue regarding how well to get rid of harmful aspects of the mutilation of female genitals via laws, policies and education.
Also, debate is supposed to get encouraged in diverse academies dealing with bioethics on how medical specialists could fulfil both their moral and ethical duties in the acknowledgement of the religious traditions when it comes to their patients. Goodness is whatever promotes the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. This is because not all actions are morally acceptable despite the positive consequences attained. John Mill explained that the greatest happiness is the pleasure and lack of pain. Happiness is the end desirable thing that either brings pleasure or is a means of pleasure. In that case, FGM is clearly an unethical issue.
When looking at ethical relativism, the theory tends to hold a morality which is relative towards the norms of an individual’s culture. That is, if an action is wrong or right relies upon the moral norms of the c.
Running head PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION-EXISTENCE OF GOD .docxtodd581
Running head: PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION-EXISTENCE OF GOD 1
PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION-EXISTENCE OF GOD 2
Student's name: Emmanuel Domenech
Professor's name: Dr. Tina Wood
Topic: Stage 1: Choosing your Philosophical Question
Institution: University of Maryland University College
Date: April 14, 2019
Final Project Stage 1: Choosing your Philosophical Question
Week Four: Philosopher: Thomas Aquinas, Primary Text: Summa Theologica, Part 1, Question 2, Article 1-3
Q1. Does God really exist?
I am highly interested in supporting the philosophy because it has been a debate that has existed for some millennium. God has been the cause of conflict and the reason for peace in some parts of the world. People who find a reason not to believe in him have always been secluded from the rest. Also, those who trust in him have been seen as hypocrites since their mistakes judge them. This is a philosophy that is interesting since it brings about the relationship between socioeconomic and political aspects of human beings in relation to the influence of a supernatural being. I would like to know that God exists in our world and this starts with the materials presented by the Philosophy of Aquinas. I would not want to choose a side and sound bias, but I would like to use facts to present my findings.
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RUNNING HEAD PERSONAL BRANDING ACTION PLANPERSONAL BRANDING ACT.docxtodd581
RUNNING HEAD: PERSONAL BRANDING ACTION PLAN
PERSONAL BRANDING ACTION PLAN 2
PERSONAL BRANDING ACTION PLAN
NAME
MAY 2019
I) Keywords that best describe myself
a) Strategist
b) Motivator
c) Fitness Consultant
d) Talent enabler
II) Passions and Values
a) Passions
i) Community Service
ii) Healthy and mental fitness living
iii) Mentorship
b) Values
i) Commitment
ii) Integrity
iii) Resilience
III) Value Proposition
I am a servant to my clients. I am entrusted with a task that is vital in personality development. It is paramount that my deeds and speech emulate my training. I am open to criticism and take up challenges easily. This position carries a responsibility to be a custodian of values as well as instill them to those I rub off shoulders with.
IV) Personal Branding/Networking Goals
Develop a blog and post tips twice a week.
Attend organized empowerment talks and apply to become one of the speakers.
Engage in online forums and social media chat rooms.
V) Elevator Pitch
Did you know it takes the average person just two seconds to look at a company logo and decide if they like it? Being a personal trainer, I can tell you for a fact that people judge you as fast as they would with a logo. I am interested in building inter-personal skills as well as maintaining one’s mental fitness. My passion is coming up with unique ways to help my clients express themselves by what they say, do and wear. I would be thrilled to help you achieve your personal goals.
References
How to Give an Elevator Pitch (With Examples). (n.d.). Retrieved from Indeed Career Guide: https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/interviewing/how-to-give-an-elevator-pitch-examples
The Definitive Guide to Personal Branding. (n.d.). Retrieved from Brand Yourself: https://brandyourself.com/definitive-guide-to-personal-branding
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Running head PERFORMANCE1PERFORMANCE2Case Scena.docxtodd581
Running head: PERFORMANCE 1
PERFORMANCE 2
Case Scenario
Case Scenario
The most striking point in this scenario is that the union’s collective bargaining covenant has “decoupled compensation from performance” (Hale, 2007). This means that the worker performance cannot be incentivized through benefits and compensation. This results to the assumption that without anything to gain it would be meaningless to appraise the performance of the workers. Besides, even from the union’s perspective, having performance metrics in hand, especially if they are trending up, can only strengthen their position at the next negotiation of the collective bargaining agreement.
However, it is also clear that the HR director erred in deciding to evaluate the effectiveness of the performance appraisal process by indexing that supposed effectiveness to the number of managers who adopted the process. That metric is useful only if the frequency of adoption is a proxy for gains in performance, a line of reasoning in need of clarification and exposition. One way for the HR director to flesh this out would be to obtain an understanding of why some managers were adopting the new performance appraisal process and why some were not. If the municipality’s managers are in fact concerned with the performance of their units, the survey would presumably point to ways the managers think the new process helps or does not help them get a handle on the productivity of their employees. The advantage of this would be that the survey would provide invaluable feedback, with which the performance appraisal process could be tweaked to address the concerns of the non-adopters and build upon the positives as seen by the adopters. The takeaway is that it is not entirely correct to assert that “the number of managers using the form has no bearing on productivity” (Hale, 2007) – the number of managers adopting the new process could serve to evaluate the process’ effectiveness, but only with some auxiliary development.
As Hale points out, the most straightforward metric for determining the value of the new appraisal process would be to measure “whether performance had improved” (Hale, 202). But, perhaps just as clearly, there seems to be something wrong with the reasoning implicit in that response. It seems shortsighted to apply the broad desideratum of improved performance to the seemingly more fundamental prerequisite initiative of becoming better able to measure performance (Hale, 2007).
Assuming many additional criteria are required to evaluate the value of the HR director’s new appraisal process. Given that the ‘industry’ in question is a municipality, relevant productivity and people performance metrics are to be found in, for example, time-at-task, attainment of objectives, and rework. For example, if the municipality receives a call about a broken water line, the time-at-task involved in repairs, the successful repair, any need for rework, plus response time, all repr.
Running Head PERTINENT HEALTHCARE ISSUE1PERTINENT HEALTHCAR.docxtodd581
Running Head: PERTINENT HEALTHCARE ISSUE 1
PERTINENT HEALTHCARE ISSUE 2
Analysis of Pertinent Healthcare Issue
Students Name:
Institutional Affiliation:
Impact of increasing cost in a health organization
Introduction
The cost of receiving healthcare service is becoming a serious national healthcare concern. It has been established that the United States spend more on healthcare, in relation to the national income than any other industrialized nation. However, achieving minimum cost means having to make certain hard compromises which have never been easy. For example, low expenditure on research and development, limitation in terms of the choices of health coverage or healthcare providers and having to wait for long before using new technologies. The health system has gone through a series of transformational changes that has seen the cost of healthcare provision sky-rocket. The most affected are among the 41 million uninsured Americans who are unable to cater for the cost of insurance as well as the underinsured whose coverage program cannot cater for their overall health needs. The major catalyst behind the rising cost of healthcare has been; the rising number of aging population that take great benefit from the technologies created for lengthening life span, lifestyle choices like adoption of sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy eating habits resulting to obesity and cardiovascular disorders among others.
Cost impact on health organization.
Increasing cost has impacted the national health organization/system in so many ways. The impacts are not only experienced by the patients but the providers, employers, payers (insurance bodies) and even other employees within the health organization. Firstly, an array of transformational changes has been made i.e. payment transformation where a shift has been made from volume-based (fee-for service payment) which has high cost implications to value-based models and also the development of primary care in attempt to counter increasing cost. The turnover of healthcare providers has also faced a fair share of cost impact. The providers burdened by the feeling of denying patients services due to inability to cater for cost or lack of insurance loses meaning of services and morale to continue with the service. Consequently, advancement in training and education improve the providers’ patient service and more enhanced application of Evidence-Based practice appears costly and unaffiliated hence promoting low morale. Morbidity and mortality cases has been on the rise. Advanced technology used in diagnosis/treatment of serious medical conditions has become expensive and some of them are not covered by the insurance (core payments) hence late interventions taken after serious damage. The is also an indication of lowered patient engagement as far healthcare decision making is concerned since patients with financial challenge have limited options and are sometimes forced to comply with the physici.
Running head Patient Safety and Risk Management in Dental Pra.docxtodd581
Running head: Patient Safety and Risk Management in Dental Practice: Are There Enough
Guidelines? An Evaluative Study on The Existing System in a Dental College of Riyadh 1
Patient Safety and Risk Management in Dental Practice: Are There Enough Guidelines? An
Evaluative Study on The Existing System in a Dental College of Riyadh
Introduction
While it is essential to the practice of healthcare professionals to concern about patient
safety, it is relatively current that it has been transformed into a specific body of knowledge and
therefore patient safety may be considered as a relatively ‘innovative’ discipline. Its core ideas
are to prevent the occurrence of avoidable adverse events (errors, complications and accidents)
accompanying the practice of healthcare and to reduce the impact of unavoidable adverse events.
This is a simple definition for the multifaceted, complexed nature and many key elements in the
practice of patient safety. There are economic, financial, social, cultural and organizational
matters of a patient safety environment that makes it unpractical to simply define it as the
practicing safe health care or protecting patients from harm by health care professionals. It is
essential for all health care professionals and health care organizations to become more
acquainted with the overall framework of patient safety, to dynamically contribute in hard work
to apply patient safety procedures in everyday practice and to create a culture of patient safety
culture (Yamalik & Perea Pérez, 2012).
There is a constant concern and interest in dentistry for matters related to patients and
practicing safe and quality care in the everyday dental practice. Yet, like other health
professions, more attention is given to patient related matters and safety-related matters
(Yamalik & Dijk, 2013).
Furthermore, there is an emerging professional consideration of risk management, patient
safety and handling errors. Rather than hiding them, errors are now understood as learning
material and by that, the number of publications on dental errors are increasing. As an example,
Patient Safety and Risk Management in Dental Practice: Are There Enough Guidelines? An
Evaluative Study on The Existing System in a Dental College of Riyadh 2
prescribing errors in dental practice is a potential ground for development in the medication
management process and patient safety (Yamalik & Dijk, 2013).
An empirical data on the attitudes of dental professionals and dental auxiliaries about the
reporting of medical errors was collected in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia by Al-Nomay et al., (2017),
most respondents (94.4% of them) expressed that medical errors should be reported. Yet, insights
of the norm, personal preferences and existing practices regarding which type of error should be
reported were inconsistent. Only 17.9% of respondents perceived that reporting errors that results
in.
Running head PayneABUS738001PayneABUS738001.docxtodd581
Running head: PayneABUS738001
PayneABUS738001
Human Resource Management and Employee Turnover
BUS-7380 Qualitative Business Research Design and Methodology
Week 1
Amenia Payne
Dr. Lawrence Ness
May 17, 2020
Introduction to Problem
How an organization along with its performance is affected by human resource management (HRM) policies that play an important role in the organization for performance and growth of employees and organization is a widely discussed topic (Boudreau 1991; Jones& Wright, 1992; Kleiner 1990). Different sources contend that work rehearses that advance superior, for example, exhaustive representative enrollment and choice methods, motivator pay, and execution the executives frameworks, and broad worker inclusion and preparing, will in general upgrade the capacities of a company's present and future representative's information, aptitudes, inspiration, just as the maintenance of value workers (Jones and Wright, 1992; U.S. Division of Labor, 1993). The human asset strategies of the association will be in general assistance +7. The year 2006 was the year when HR managers noticed that were approximately 46% and considered employee turnover their top post priority in workforce and organization and that took the peak from 2012 that was 25% in that year.
Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) explained that it has different causes for lessening employee turnover ought to be imperative for any association that involves (1) employee turnover can turn out to be exorbitant rapidly, (2) undesirable turnover influences the presentation of any association, (3) as the accessibility of talented representatives diminishes, it will turn out to be progressively hard to hold looked for after workers. According to a study, it was analyzed that employee turnover can be too costly that annually it can shoot up to 200% of annual salaries that is a great loss for organizations caused mainly due to turnover. Now with these staggering figures, it is very difficult for organizations today to fully understand the concept of employee retention and turnover and how to decrease the overall process and how to handle turnover (Mayhew, 2019). Similarly, trained employees and loyal workforce of the organization get replaced with new employees that take additional time to get trained hence organizations face a loss of time along with loss of resources and money (Iqbal, 2010). Employee turnover should only be done when it is essential for any organization to replace existing employees with new talent and that will only be done when organizations know that this turnover will give benefit and growth to the organization (Meyer, 2011). Employee turnover has termed as a risky choice as it involves the major risks in any organization for current and future project implications by human resource management (Iqbal, 2010).
An organization’s business strategic plans for execution should be contingent on current and potential employees. Throu.
Running head NURSING RESEARCH 1NURSING RESEARCH 7.docxtodd581
Running head: NURSING RESEARCH 1
NURSING RESEARCH 7
Nursing Research
Student's Name
Institutional Affiliation
Nursing research
Obesity and Weight Management Programs
Introduction to the Problem
The problem under investigation in this research is the issue of obesity and weight management. This topic was selected because it the issues is affecting many people today around the world and most significantly in the United States. Thousands of people worldwide are dying from obesity and overweight related illnesses such as diabetes, cancer, high blood pressure among many others (Obesity & weight control: Health risks, weight loss & bariatric surgery, n.d.). Therefore, it has a huge impact on the healthcare system since it has increased the problems that healthcare professionals and facilities are facing. Hospitals are now congested mainly due to diet related illnesses, obesity being at the top of the list, which causes short staffing due to the increasing patients numbers relative to providers’ numbers. The providers, especially nurses, may then suffer from burnout and thus affecting the quality of care that they provide. Several weight management programs have then been created in order to tackle the serious problem of obesity. Therefore, conducting a proper research on obesity and weight management programs is very crucial since it will help in providing in-depth understanding of the whole issue and thus useful in developing and implementing ways that can curb the problem by proper implementation of these programs. This will improve the conditions of healthcare facilities and eventually the quality of care provided.
The Problem
The problem is obesity and weight management programs. Obesity is a medical condition that occurs when an individual has excess body fat or weight that might have some significant effect on his or her health (Hu, 2008). On the other hand, weight management is the process of embracing long-term lifestyle modification to keep a healthy body weight on depending on the age, gender, and height of an individual. They include methods such as eating heathy food and increasing the levels of physical activity. Weight management programs are then the initiatives that are created in controlling the weight of individuals in order to control such conditions as obesity. Managing one’s weight through these programs is very important part of their health because they avoid being overweight and obese to reduce the risks of medical conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and stroke. The intake of diet considered unhealthy, lack of physical exercise and practicing unhealthy lifestyles such as too much intake of alcohol, smoking may lead to increase in weight, and thus a person is considered overweight. This is when the body contains too much body fat above the required amount. Obesity then occurs after being overweight when the calorie intake of a person goes higher than the amount of energy that .
Running head PERCEIVED BENEFITS AND BARRIES ON MMR VACCINE 1 .docxtodd581
Running head: PERCEIVED BENEFITS AND BARRIES ON MMR VACCINE 1
Perceived Benefits and Barriers about the MMR Vaccine among the Parents of a Pediatric
Population in South Florida
Florida International University
PERCEIVED BENEFITS AND BARRIES ON MMR VACCINE 2
Background
According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 1 in 4 people
in the United States will be hospitalized and one out of every 1,000 people with measles will
develop brain swelling that could lead to brain damage. Given the possible severity when
obtaining Measles, the CDC recommends to protect children against measles by obtaining a
vaccine that provides enduring insurance against all strains of measles (Measles, 2018). The
Measles, Mumps, and Rubella vaccine (MMR) is administered in two doses in order to prevent
an individual from obtaining one of those diseases. The first dose was given to children when
they are about 13 months old, which offers 90 to 95% protection against those diseases. The
second dose increases those protection odds to become 99%, which is administered before a
child turns five years old. In order for the vaccine to be immune in our system, we need to
achieve at least 95% of immunity to those diseases (Gardner, 2010).
Side effects of MMR vaccine
There is for all intents and purposes no medication without reactions. Gentle symptoms of MMR
vaccine include the following: fever, mild rash, and swelling of the glands in the cheeks or neck.
Moderate reactions include: febrile seizures, brief joint inflammation, and impermanent
thrombocytopenia. Serious side effects of MMR vaccine are amazingly uncommon, but can
include serious allergic responses. Other serious side effects are rare to the point that it is
difficult to recognize whether they are caused by the vaccine, which includes: deafness, long-
term seizures, coma, lowered consciousness, and lasting brain damage (Mahmić-Kaknjo, 2017).
PERCEIVED BENEFITS AND BARRIES ON MMR VACCINE 3
Barriers
Obtaining immunization has been viewed as one of the best general wellbeing accomplishments
of the twentieth century for their job in killing smallpox and controlling polio, measles, rubella,
and different irresistible ailments in the United States. Regardless of their adequacy in
forestalling and destroying illness, routine youth vaccine take-up remains problematic. Parent
refusal of immunizations has added to flare-ups of vaccine preventable infections, for example,
measles and pertussis (Maglione, 2014). Late episodes of measles in the United Kingdom and
United States have awoken reestablished worry about vaccination dismissal. The rate of
vaccination take-up has fallen. Individuals' view of vaccine protection and effectiveness has
appeared to be an imperative factor for immunization take-up that, in the meantime, can spread
between people (Medus, 2014).
Research has shown that guardians' frames of mind .
Running Head PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1PATHOPHYSIOLOGY5.docxtodd581
Running Head: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5
Pathophysiology
Student name
School
Instructor
Date
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a joint inflammatory disorder that can, at times, extend the effects to other body organs like lungs and blood vessels; The condition complicates the body's immune system with the advancement of the symptoms( explain types of symptoms) and citation needed(>>>>>>>>) Patients suffering from RA are prune to severe conditions that may arise as the condition matures. patients have distinct symptoms expressed outwardly based on the level and stage of the inflammatory disorder, some of which are similar to those expressed by the patients in the case study. The condition is not hereditary or family born but thought to result from genetic risk factors such as…… (citation needed) The patient in the case study was aware that increased inflammatory could result in the highlighted symptoms and thus presented them to identify whether they were emanating from the condition or any other source of infection.
Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.
A variety of gene pairs are associated with the RA condition as significant risk factors. The causative genes to the condition are suspended in the immune system function ( citation). Change in human Leukocyte antigen genes (HLA) in the significant contributor to Rheumatoid Arthritis ( citation needed). The genes, RLA-DRB1, are highly associated with triggering the Rheumatoid Arthritis condition. It is associated with the production f body proteins. The HLA proteins assist the immune system in distinguishing immune proteins and those proteins produced by body invaders like viruses (Soo P, n.d). Variation in other genes has a little impact on the condition ( citation needed).
Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.
Immunosuppression is a process that subdues the human immune system to individuals undergoing organ transplants or those with autoimmune conditions like Rheumatoid Arthritis(>>>>>>>>). The process involves administering drugs to ensure that the immune system does not repel the organs being transplanted (McCance & Huether, 2019). The physicians must first carry an examination of different body organs them makes a prescription to the patient. After the examination, a strict medical plan or therapy session is created, which patients should stickily follow. During the process, the doctor monitors the patients effectively on a close observation. Immunosuppression has different side effects in the body, some of which arise due to the drugs ( citation needed). The effects include; decrease in bony density, a decrease in muscle functioning, effect on the operation of muscle fiber, which reduces muscle protein production and cases of hyperglycemia and severe diabetes. The effects get controlled through regular exercise. This paragraph should lead to the 4th or next paragraph this p
Invasiv.
Running head PASTORAL COUNSELLING ON MENTAL HEALTH1PASTORAL .docxtodd581
Running head: PASTORAL COUNSELLING ON MENTAL HEALTH 1
PASTORAL COUNSELLING ON MENTAL HEALTH 36
Pastoral Counseling on Mental Health
Student’s Name
Course
Institutional Affiliation
Pastoral Counseling on Mental Health
Chapter 4 Results4.1 Introduction
In this chapter, the researcher is going to present the results and findings obtained from the research. The primary objective of the study was to find out the effects of pastoral counseling on mental health. The researcher conducted a research survey to obtain the relevant data that was required to achieve the research objective. The data collection tool that was used in this study was a survey questionnaire that contained a total of 21 questions. The design of the questionnaire was in line with the specific objectives of this study. This chapter will present the respondents' background information, and the findings obtained from the analysis in line with the research objectives.
4.2 Data Analysis
Descriptive statistics were used in the discussion of the findings of the research. The results were explained using percentages. The target respondents of the study were sampled using simple random sampling. However, the primary target sample was that of people who had experienced some form of mental health at a certain point in their lives. The primary criterion for sampling was that the individual participant must have attained the age of 18 years and above.
4.3 Response Rate
Herein the response rate is the total number of people who completed the survey correctly and met the requirements of the researcher. In this study, a total of 106 participants completed the study. Before the survey was conducted, the respondents were taken through the details of the survey before they could give consent or decline. The reason they were chosen to take part in the study was that they were members of the Deliverance Center for all Nations Church and that they were of 18 years and above.
Further, they were informed of the candidate undertaking the research. Additionally, the researcher told the respondents that the objective of the study was to find out whether the church members sought pastoral counseling as a remedy for addressing mental health issues and whether pastoral counseling had a positive impact on the organization. The respondents were made aware that there was no benefit whatsoever of taking part in the research, and it was voluntary. The potential risks that the respondents would experience in the study were made known to them, which were the same risks one would encounter in their daily lives. The participants were informed that the information they gave would be confidential, and no one else will access them apart from the researcher. Possible contacts were availed to the respondents in case they intended to contact a third party regarding the research.
Once the participants had been taken through the details, they were asked whether they were willing to proceed with the survey or .
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. Running head: NURSING PROBLEM
1
NURSING PROBLEM
2
Nursing Problem
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date
Specialization: Nursing Practitioner.
As a nursing practitioner, the major roles include the
assessment of the needs of the patients. A nursing practitioner
also orders and interprets test from laboratories, they do illness
and disease diagnosis, medication prescription and formulate
plans for treatment. There are a number of challenges that face
the nurse in their field of practices. This paper will focus to
discuss the hazards in the workspace of these practitioners. It
will also seek to find a way of solving these challenge using
innovative means.
2. The Problem of Interest
Hazard in The Nursing Field.
The nursing field of practice is one of the most dangerous
places of working as one does work in a delicate environment
where one is in the risks of being infected or even injuring
oneself. Nurses are faced with a number of risks in daily job
activities. Some of these hazards include injuries, flu germs,
hand washing –related dermatitis and pathogens that are based
in the blood among others.
According to the report produced by OSHA, about 5.6 million
of 12.2 million workers are under the risk of being exposed to
blood borne pathogens. This is a big number of health workers
under the risk meaning that soon there will be a shortage of
health nursing or health workers in general. Moreover, the rates
of risks are higher in the health care industry than any other
industries. This industry has registered around 35000 injuries
covering different parts of the body. These range from the
shoulders, hands, feet, and back. These statistics are according
to the Bureau Labor Statistics (Gooch, 2015).
Apart from the acute injuries discussed, they also suffer harm
exposed on their hands. From a recent study carried out in the
University of Manchester, the health workers that follow
protocols are 4.5 times exposed to skin damage risks. The
report also reported up to 25 percent of cases of irritant contact
dermatitis.
These individuals also get exposed to infectious diseases in
their areas of practice. One of the most commonly contacted
infection is Hepatitis B (HBV). This is infection can be
contacted via blood contact, feces, saliva, and semen. This
instrument of spreading the infection is in contact with the
patient and also the needles (Gooch, 2015). Nursing
practitioners also risk exposure to toxic substances in the
clinical environment. Radiation is another risk that comes
majorly from the ionizing radiation. Complications associated
with radiation include skin cancer, leukemia, and cancer among
others. One comes to contact with this radiation in the
3. instances of performing x-ray scans. Another challenge that
faces nursing practitioners is stress. This is experienced mostly
among the nurses who work with the patients that are terminally
or chronically ill (NCBI, 2016).
Research Strategy.
The focus of the research is on the articles that are based on
nursing practices. These articles also further narrow down to the
specific problems facing the nursing practitioners. The aim is to
find a solution to the above-identified problem.
Innovative
Solution
.
It was crucial to put up ways to protect nursing practitioners. It
is important to take extra measures when working in various
situations. Capacity building of the nurses on the safety
measures while working is very important. They should also be
educated on using the protective gear which will reduce
exposure to risks. For instance, the use of antiviral face mask
inactivates the 99.99 percent of the flu viruses tested in the
laboratory.
4. References
Gooch, K. (2015, August 13). 5 of the biggest issues nurses face
today. Becker's Hospital Review. Retrieved from
https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/human-capital-and-
risk/5-of-the-biggest-issues-nurses-face-today.html
Gooch, K. (2015, July 15) 4 common nursing hazards
demanding hospitals' attention. Clinical Leadership & Infection
Control. Retrieved from
https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/4-common-
nursing-hazards-demanding-hospitals-attention.html
NCBI (2016). Nursing Health & Environment: Strengthening the
Relationship to Improve the Public Health. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK232400/
5. R esearch
R o u n d ta b le Lynne M . C o n n e lly
Use o f Theoretical Frameworks
in Research
R eaders of research reports probably have noticed some studies
explicitly name a theory that guided the research and some do
not. It is not always clear
in reports what role the theory or theoretical framework
played (or did not play) in the research. In this issue,
Parker (2014) outlined a study about decision making by
medical-surgical nurses when they activate rapid response
teams. In the report, in the section called "Nurse Decision
Making," the author concisely discussed theories of deci-
sion making and the models of decision making that oth-
ers have used to examine the topic with nurses. In addi-
6. tion, Parker used an instrument to measure decision mak-
ing based on these various decision-making models. This
report is a useful example of how theory guides research
and also makes sense of the subsequent findings.
W hat Is a theory?
First, various terms are used to refer to the theoretic
basis of a study, including theory, theoretical framework,
conceptual framework, and models. Theory is a set of inter-
related concepts (or variables) and definitions that are
formed into propositions or hypotheses to specify the
relationship among the constructs (Creswell, 2013). A for-
mal theory is well-developed and is useful to predict
behavior or outcomes. A theoretical framework or con-
ceptual framework is less formal and typically less devel-
oped than a formal theory. Such a framework often is use-
ful when exploratory work is being done to expand the
theoretical ideas. A conceptual model usually is focused
more narrowly and structured more loosely than theories,
and does not link concepts (Polit & Beck, 2014). For
example, the Lauri and Salantera (2002) instrum ent is
based on a model that describes how nurses make deci-
sions but does not predict how effective each type is in
making decisions. For the purposes of this column, I use
7. the general word theory to encompass all these terms.
In simple terms, a theory is a representation of a por-
tion of reality that helps us make sense of complex phe-
nomena. It is not the reality itself; it is a tool for better
understanding. Theories are not right or wrong but some
theories offer a better fit for particular situations. Each
theory can provide a different lens for looking at a prob-
lem, allowing it to be examined from different perspec-
tives for full understanding of all its facets (Reeves, Albert,
Kuper, & Hodges, 2008).
Lynne M. Connelly, PhD, RN, is Associate Professor and
Director of
Nursing, Benedictine College, Atchison, KS. She is Research
Editor for
MEDSURG Nursing.
MEDSURG n u r s in g . May-june 2014 • Vol. 23/No. 3
Theory in a study can be stated clearly or it can be
implied (Bond et al., 2011). For example, in physiological
studies, the framework usually is drawn from current
understanding of physiology and pathophysiology. It
often is presented as the state of science in a particular
8. area. In more abstract areas of research, specific theory
can be useful to frame the problem, develop an interven-
tion, and guide the research study.
A theory about a phenom enon, such as nurse decision
making, parsimoniously explains how nurses make deci-
sions in the practice setting. Each theory will have a num -
ber of interrelated concepts. Concepts are abstract repre-
sentations of specific parts of the theory (Polit & Beck,
2014). In the Parker (2014) study, the decision-making
models described how different people have different
ways of making decisions. Some people are intuitive deci-
sion makers, some are analytical decision makers, and
others use both types of decision making. While it can
seem even more complex, this concise depiction helps us
understand the process of making a decision and measure
how each nurse in a study normally makes decisions.
Guiding Research
A theory should not be added to a study because the
researcher was told in school that a theory is needed for a
research study. A clear connection should exist among
the theory, the problem or phenom enon being studied,
and the research method. For example, Parker (2014)
9. used an instm m ent developed by Lauri and Salantera
(2002) based on the various models of decision making.
Using a valid instm m ent based on theory allows the
researcher to make comparisons between the results of
different studies that otherwise could not be made if the
researcher used a separate instm ment. In addition, when
conducting the study, the researcher also is testing the
theory to determine if it works in the study population.
In Parker's (2014) study, a factor analysis showed items
measuring analytic decision making correlated with each
other and intuitive decision-making items correlated
with each other; however, each of these did not correlate
significantly with the other type. In other words, intuitive
items were connected with other intuitive items, but not
with analytic items. The same is tm e for analytic items.
This supports the validity of the instm m ent and also sup-
ports the theory that guided development of this instru-
ment. W hen we review the results, then, we can have
some confidence they are measuring aspects of the theo-
ry appropriately. In addition, investigators should make
connections between their results and the theory clear in
187
10. R esearch R o u n d ta b le
their discussion of the findings. They should relate their
results to other research in which the theory was used.
Parker compared his results to results by Lauri and
Salantera (2002).
In another example, Yoder (2005) described how the
Roy Adaption Model was used in several studies: a study
of quality of life in patients with cancer, a study of exer-
cise intervention in patients with cancer, and another
study of clinical outcomes in patients with burns. Yoder
presented figures outlining each aspect of the theory and
how each aspect was measured. Each of the studies pro-
vided results helpful to patients, but they also provided
support for the Roy Adaptation Model. The figures in this
article are useful examples of how to make clear connec-
tions between concepts within a theory or model and the
measurement instruments. This can be particularly useful
in research proposals.
Theory also is used to guide the development of effec-
tive interventions for patient care. In this case, theorists
11. may use both theory and empirical results to suggest one
variable (the intervention) can have a positive effect on
another variable (e.g., a person's behavior or physical
outcome). If a theory indicates, for example, that teach-
ing a patient about his or her disease will improve self-
management, th en we could conduct an intervention
study to test that proposition. Theory also may provide
us with other variables that can moderate this effect
(Polit & Beck, 2014).
O t h e r Is s u e s
W hen research results are not what were expected, two
reasons are possible: either the research design or measure-
m ent of variables was flawed, or the theory guiding the
research did not fit the situation or population. In the case
of an inappropriate theory, the researcher may be able to
suggest modifications to the theory. The modifications
then would need to be tested. Useful theory is refined by
this iterative process (Johnson & Webber, 2010).
In qualitative research, theory can have several purpos-
es. General theories, such as interactionism and critical
theory, can be used to guide qualitative research (Reeves
et al., 2008). These are theories that conceptualize how
12. we should study phenom ena (Polit & Beck, 2014;
Sandelowski, 1993). On the other hand, qualitative inves-
tigators often want to generate rather than test theory
based on what they find with their particular informants.
Prior to and during data collection, researchers often
avoid substantive theory about the specific phenom ena
to prevent being influenced by prior theorizing about the
topic. Thus, the theory generated in qualitative research
is grounded in data that come from directly observing
and talking to the participants (Creswell, 2013).
This short column can not cover all the nuances of
theory and research. Readers can refer to the references
cited or to a good research textbook to obtain more infor-
mation. Because theory is im portant to conducting and
understanding research findings, readers should under-
stand what theory is and how a researcher can use it effec-
tively to guide a study. i ’»:i
REFERENCES
Bond, A., Eshah, N., Bani-Khaled, M., Hamad, A., Habashneh,
S.,
Kataua’, H..... Maabreh, R. (2011). Who uses nursing theory? A
univariate descriptive analysis of five years’ research articles.
13. Scandinavian Journal o f Caring Sciences, 25(2), 404-409.
Creswell, J.W. (2013). The use of theory. In J.W. Creswell
(Ed.) Research
design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches
(4th ed.) (pp. 51-76). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
Johnson, B.M., & Webber, P.B. (2010). An introduction to
theory and rea-
soning in nursing. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins.
Lauri, S., & Salantera, S. (2002). Developing an instrument to
measure
and describe clinical decision-making in different nursing
fields.
Journal o f Professional Nursing, 18(30), 93-100.
Parker, C.G. (2014). Decision making models used by medical-
surgical
nurses to activate rapid response teams. MEDSURG Nursing,
23(3), 159-164.
Polit, D.F., & Beck, C.T. (2014). Essentials o f nursing
research:
14. Appraising evidence for nursing practice. Philadelphia, PA:
Wolter
Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Reeves, S„ Albert, M., Kuper, A., & Hodges, B.D. (2008). Why
use theo-
ries in qualitative research? BMJ, 337, 631-634.
Sandelowski, M. (1993). Theory unmasked: The uses and guises
of the-
ory in qualitative research. Research in Nursing and Health, 16,
213-218.
Yoder, L.H. (2005). Using the Roy Adaptation Model: A
program of
research in a military research service. Nursing Science
Quarterly,
18(A), 321-323.
M
E
D
S
u
R
15. G
P ersistent D iffe re n c e s Found in
P re v e n tiv e Services Use w ith in th e
U.S. P o p u la tio n
Large differences in adult use of preventive serv-
ices persisted from 1996 through 2008 across popu-
lation groups defined by poverty, race/ethnicity,
insurance coverage, and geography. Researchers
examined trends in five preventive services: general
checkups, blood pressure screening, blood choles-
terol screening, Pap smears, and mammograms.
Among the population of nonelderly adults
(ages 19-64 years), the proportion of the population
having a general checkup increased 1.1% from
1996/1998 to 2007/2008; the proportion of those
with blood cholesterol screening within the prior 5
years increased by 8.2%. In contrast, the percentage
of the population having blood pressure screening
or mammograms (among women) increased mod-
estly between the first pair of time points, but
remained essentially constant thereafter. Finally,
the percentage of women having Pap smears
17. NURSE RESEARCHER34
Nurse Researcher
Introduction
THIS PAPER aims to help the researcher to
understand the nature of theoretical and conceptual
frameworks and how they can be used to help give
direction to a study, or be identified as an outcome.
The use of theoretical and conceptual frameworks is
part of research, but is relatively obscure among the
myriad of literature available. In published research
reports, there is often no explanation as to what
theoretical and conceptual frameworks are, and they
are mentioned in many popular research textbooks
at best minimally and often as terms in a glossary.
There appears to be no manual about how theoretical
and/or conceptual frameworks should be used.
This paper examines what the literature says
in relation to theoretical and/or conceptual
frameworks and considers how researchers seem
to be using them. It also shows how a conceptual
framework was used in case study research to
determine the professional jurisdictions of doctors
18. and nurses in the supply and prescription of
medicines, and ultimately to the development of
a conceptual model.
Definitions of frameworks
Fain (2004) defined theory as ‘an organised and
systematic set of interrelated statements (concepts)
that specify the nature of relationships between
Correspondence
Helen Elise Green
[email protected]
Helen Elise Green PhD is
director of student education
at the University of Leeds, UK
Peer review
This article has been subject
to double-blind review and
has been checked using
antiplagiarism software
Author guidelines
rcnpublishing.com/
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19. Abstract
Aim To debate the definition and use of theoretical
and conceptual frameworks in qualitative research.
Background There is a paucity of literature to
help the novice researcher to understand what
theoretical and conceptual frameworks are and
how they should be used. This paper acknowledges
the interchangeable usage of these terms and
researchers’ confusion about the differences between
the two. It discusses how researchers have used
theoretical and conceptual frameworks and the
notion of conceptual models. Detail is given about
how one researcher incorporated a conceptual
framework throughout a research project, the
purpose for doing so and how this led to a resultant
conceptual model.
Review methods Concepts from Abbott (1988) and
Witz (1992) were used to provide a framework for
research involving two case study sites. The framework
was used to determine research questions and give
direction to interviews and discussions to focus
the research.
20. Discussion Some research methods do not overtly
use a theoretical framework or conceptual framework
in their design, but this is implicit and underpins the
method design, for example in grounded theory. Other
qualitative methods use one or the other to frame the
design of a research project or to explain the outcomes.
An example is given of how a conceptual framework
was used throughout a research project.
Conclusion Theoretical and conceptual frameworks
are terms that are regularly used in research but rarely
explained. Textbooks should discuss what they are
and how they can be used, so novice researchers
understand how they can help with research design.
Implications for practice/research Theoretical and
conceptual frameworks need to be more clearly
understood by researchers and correct terminology
used to ensure clarity for novice researchers.
Keywords Theoretical framework, conceptual
framework, case study, conceptual model, qualitative
research, research design, case study research.
22. why the two terms are used interchangeably when
referring to frameworks. However, Parahoo (2006)
suggested that ‘theoretical framework’ should
be used when research is underpinned by one
theory and that a ‘conceptual framework’ draws
on concepts from various theories and findings
to guide research. This is a slightly different
interpretation to that of Fain (2004) because, instead
of suggesting that the concepts have been built
into a theory, it suggests that parts of multiple
theories have been taken.
Whether these distinctions matter is questionable.
Parahoo (2006) implied that it is fruitless to
consider whether a researcher has used the correct
terminology and it is far more important to consider
how theory has been used to underpin the study.
Authors use the terms ‘conceptual framework’
and ‘theoretical framework’ interchangeably
(Fain 2004, Parahoo 2006). Some authors only
refer to one. For example, Lacey (2010) referred
to conceptual frameworks, suggesting that they
identify researchers’ ‘world views’ of their research
topics and so delineate their assumptions and pre-
23. conceptions about the areas being studied. Fain
(2004) suggested that where a framework is based
on concepts, the framework should be called a
conceptual framework, and where it is based on
theories it should be called a theoretical framework.
Given that there is confusion between theoretical
and conceptual frameworks, it could be argued
that they are of questionable value. However,
frameworks have been described as the map for
a study, giving a rationale for the development
of research questions or hypotheses (Fulton and
Krainovich-Miller 2010). LoBiondo-Wood (2010)
similarly said that the framework is the design
and added that the research question, purpose,
literature review and theoretical framework should
all complement each other and help with the
operationalisation of the design.
It can be seen that the authors are saying that the
framework should be there to assist researchers in
ensuring that their research projects are coherent
and to focus their minds on what the research is
trying to achieve. Rathert et al (2012) illustrate
this confusion. In the title, the authors suggest
24. they have tested a theoretical framework but then
discuss a conceptual model. However, they use
the term ‘conceptual framework’ as a title for its
diagrammatic representation. There is no discussion
of what these terms mean.
Robson (2002) suggested that a conceptual
framework is often developed as a diagram, whereas
Parahoo (2006) refers to this as a conceptual model,
although again believes that researchers should not
get hung up on terminology.
It could be concluded that a diagrammatic
representation of a theoretical framework might
therefore be termed a theoretical model. It is,
however, less likely that one would diagrammatically
represent a single theory rather than concepts,
which either are being used to build up to a theory
or are taken from different theories.
While the confusion around the use of
conceptual and theoretical frameworks and models
may be understandable, a similar laissez-faire
approach to accuracy would not be considered
25. acceptable for other parts of research design.
More discussion in textbooks and journal articles
about how to use frameworks might allay
some of the confusion.
Using a framework
Some research approaches appear not to use a
conceptual or theoretical framework in their design.
‘Grounded theory’, for example, is an inductive
method in which theory generation comes from
the data. It was an approach that went against
the accepted wisdom of the 1960s that a study
should have a definite theory before it begins
(Robson 2002). It is an example of a methodological
approach that is based on a specific epistemology
or philosophy of knowledge (Avis 2003). Corbin
and Strauss (2008) discussed the epistemology of
grounded theory in some detail. However, as this
methodology has developed, the epistemology has
also developed (Hall et al 2013).
The development of theoretical or conceptual
frameworks can be undertaken as an outcome of
the research but it is unlikely that one will be stated
as part of the design. However, projects using
27. if it is explicit, the framework can often be found
as a section in the literature review (Fulton and
Krainovich-Miller 2010). However, many authors
(Polit and Tatano Beck 2004, Parahoo 2006, Fulton
and Krainovich-Miller 2010) have found that
researchers often do not make the theoretical or
conceptual frameworks of studies explicit in relation
to how these guided their studies. This does not
mean that they did not have such frameworks,
simply that they may be embedded in the literature
review (Fulton and Krainovich-Miller 2010).
Somekh and Lewin (2005) suggested that most
social science research starts with a theoretical
framework, goes on to analyse the data, before
developing new theories or variations of existing
theories as outcomes.
Robson (2002) suggested that most new
researchers find it useful to develop a conceptual
model – the diagrammatic form of a conceptual
framework – and refine it as data collection and
analysis takes place. LoBiondo-Wood (2010) felt
that the fit between the theoretical framework and
the other steps of the research after the design
28. strengthens the study and gives the researcher
confidence in the evidence provided by the findings.
Even where theoretical or conceptual frameworks
are mentioned in the title of an article, it is unusual
for there to be a discussion of what these are in
the article itself. However, Goddard et al (2013)
used a theoretical framework in the design of
their randomised controlled trial and Smith et al
(2012) identified a theoretical framework before
researching the knowledge base of screening tools.
The second way in which researchers use
theoretical and conceptual frameworks is in
developing a framework. Parahoo (2006) argued
that generating theory is the purpose of most
qualitative research. Polit and Tatano Beck (2004)
suggested that the role of conceptual and theoretical
frameworks is to make the research findings
meaningful and generalisable. They suggested that
the linking together of findings into a coherent
structure can make them more accessible and so
more useful to others.
Fletcher et al (2012) used grounded theory in
29. relation to the organisational factors that cause
sports performers stress. They then used their
findings to develop a conceptual framework.
Again, although ‘conceptual framework’
is in the title of their article, there is no
explanation of what such a framework is.
Fulton and Krainovich-Miller (2010)
acknowledged that many researchers do not bother
to use a theoretical framework and the Critical
Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) does not make
any mention of trying to identify a theoretical
or conceptual framework in a research article
(CASP 2010). This suggests that it does not see
the presence of one as crucial to the generation
of good qualitative research.
Nevertheless, it is not unusual for those
undertaking research as part of a programme of
learning to be asked to include such a framework
in their projects, usually at the proposal stage.
Because so little is written about frameworks, this
can confuse students trying to understand what
is being asked of them. Books written to support
students in achieving a PhD may not provide much
30. help, as some do not mention the use of theory in
study design (Phillips and Pugh 2005).
At this point in time, finding a theoretical or
conceptual framework can be seen as another
hurdle to overcome, rather than something to
assist researchers in keeping their projects focused
and on track.
Use of a framework in a PhD project
A PhD study by Green (2008) used a case study
approach to consider the professional jurisdictions
of nursing and medicine in relation to the supply
and prescription of medicines by nurses in the acute
hospital setting. The study was undertaken over a
period of time when the supply and prescription
of medicines by nurses was relatively new but the
regulations set by the Department of Health (DH)
were being relaxed (DH 2005).
The study aimed to examine the attitudes of
doctors and nurses in relation to their professional
boundaries in the light of the legalising of
prescribing for nurses. At this time, there was
some research evaluation of prescribing but this
32. at the movement of work from one profession to
another. However, concepts from their theories were
used, rather than the full theories. The research was
based on the following concepts (Abbott 1988):
■ Professional jurisdictions: the boundaries of work
‘owned’ by a profession.
■ Authority: the type of authority that a profession
has to undertake its work.
And from Witz (1992):
■ Exclusion: attempts to ensure that members of
a profession are prevented from undertaking
specific aspects of work.
■ Usurpation: attempts to include specific
aspects of work normally carried out by
another profession.
These concepts were used to frame the research
questions and were also used to develop a model
to try to explain the past and present situation in
relation to doctors, nurses and prescribing.
33. The research data were then collected through
observation, semi-structured interviews and
document analysis at two case study sites.
Categories and sub-categories were identified from
the data and described as part of the study.
The discussion could have centred on the
categories identified. However, it was at this point
the data were brought back to what the categories
had to say about the above concepts and how the
research questions centred on these concepts were
answered. There were new conceptual models
developed from the data that represented variation
between the two sites in terms of the concepts
identified at the beginning of the research.
An example of a conceptual model can be seen in
Figure 1. As this shows, the weight of intervention
by the management of the organisation to support
nurse prescribing seemed to have an effect on
its introduction to the organisation but the main
concepts are visible in the model.
A conceptual framework was present throughout
34. the research project and report. It helped frame
the research’s questions, design and outcomes. The
same data may have been collected if a different
theoretical or conceptual framework had been used
or if no framework had been there, but it is likely
that it would have been represented differently.
The use of a framework helped the researcher to
order her thoughts and organise the way the data
would be represented.
The use of a conceptual framework had started
as an academic exercise to fulfil the demands of
an academic supervisor and the expectations of
a PhD project. It is probably only now, looking
back at the project, that the extent to which the
conceptual framework pervaded it is apparent.
The existence of the conceptual framework was
helpful in ensuring the research was given order
and achieved completion in a way that could clearly
be communicated to its readers.
Figure 1 Workplace authority for the supply and prescription of
medications by nurses
Supportive
37. For related information, visit
our online archive and search
using the keywords
Conclusion
As with many topics, in research there is a language
to be learned by those who are going to become
expert researchers. Much of this is explicit and
can be read about in research texts and published
papers. Although researchers can read extensively
about research methodologies and data collection
methods, this is not the case for theoretical and
conceptual frameworks. This may be because, to
seasoned researchers, it is so ingrained that it is
unworthy of comment, or perhaps it is because
these concepts are not overtly discussed and
many researchers are confused about the correct
terminology. Certainly, it might be expected that
where a term – such as conceptual or theoretical
framework – was included in a title of a published
research paper there would be an explanation of it
somewhere in the paper. However, this rarely occurs.
If the apparent mysticism of theoretical and
conceptual frameworks is to be debunked,
38. then they need to be included as significant
sections in publications. The focus of the
frameworks as an aid to researchers to help ensure
that they have framed their research coherently
throughout their design should be ensured. For
those who find diagrammatic representation
helpful, the use of models as a way of illustrating
the framework for others should be encouraged.
It would be good to see the nuances of
differences between concepts and theories discussed
more regularly so all researchers understand their
meaning or why variation in meaning is acceptable
when using different approaches. This occurs
with other parts of research and if we are to
assist future researchers, it needs to happen with
theoretical and conceptual models and frameworks.
Novice researchers need to know that frameworks
and models are there to help them and are not just
another hurdle to be overcome to in the battle to
achieve accreditation as a researcher.
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