Running head: INTROVERSION-EXTRAVERSION AND MARRIAGE BLISS 1 INTROVERSION-EXTRAVERSION AND MARRIAGE BLISS 2 ( Add page number. ) ( Use header. Note the phrase “Running head” is uppercase-lowercase, but the short title is all capital letters. Short title should be different from the main title, no more than 50 letters including spaces. Make sure the font type and size through out the document is the same, this includes headers. ) ( Include an APA-style title page with your submission. This is one example of a title page. ) Introversion and Extraversion Personality Traits and Marital Bliss Jason King ( Add the main title in the middle of the page ; your name in the second line and the university’s name in the third line. )Argosy University ( Add “Author Note”. Observe the word “Note” is singular. Use your name and email address in the note. ) Author Note This research was carried out as partial fulfillment towards the Research Methods course at Argosy University by Jason King. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Jason King, Department of Psychology, Argosy University, Phoenix 2233 West Dunlap Avenue, Phoenix, AZ 85021 Email: [email protected] ( This is the first summary of your study. Please note that the study reference is now different form M1A3 assignment. ) ( Put main title of the study here. )Introversion and Extraversion Personality Traits and Marital Bliss Emotional responses tell us how an individual is processing her environment, and if it contains negative stimuli, emotions reflect such negativity in behavior. Tamir, Robinson, and Clore (2002) carried out four experiments in this study and investigated reaction time (RT), to positive and negative adjectives. In the first study, 102 participants responded to a RT task and then completed Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) developed by Watson, Clark, and Tellegen, (1988) to determine their moods, followed by International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) scales (short form) by Goldberg (1997) to assess their extraversion. The RT task required each participant to respond to a block of words, the participants wanted (e.g., love, happiness etc), or not wanted (failure, pain, etc.,) or neutral (afternoon, definition, etc.,). Extraverts were faster than introverts on positive mood task, and introverts were faster with negative mood tasks. For both type of individuals, RT slowed down if they performed the opposite mood tasks. After the first experiment Tamir et al., (2002) carried out three other experiments manipulating mood conditions and found essentially the same results. This study proposes that traits of introversion and extraversion regulate mood and behavior to pleasant and non-pleasant stimulus material, and would be useful for my proposal, because it suggests that extraverted and introverted individuals may process pleasant and unpleasant affective stimulation from the spouse differently leading to marital bliss or nightmare. .

1. Running head: INTROVERSION-EXTRAVERSION AND
MARRIAGE BLISS 1
INTROVERSION-EXTRAVERSION AND MARRIAGE BLISS
2
(
Add page number.
) (
Use header. Note the phrase “Running head” is uppercase-
lowercase, but the short title is all capital letters. Short title
should be different from the main title, no more than 50 letters
including spaces. Make sure the font type and size through out
the document is the same, this includes headers.
)
(
Include an APA-style title page with your submission. This is
one example of a title page.
)
Introversion and Extraversion Personality Traits and Marital
Bliss
Jason King
(
Add the main title in the middle of the page
;
your name in the second line and the university’s name in the
third line.
)Argosy University

2. (
Add “Author Note”. Observe the word “Note” is singular. Use
your name and email address in the note.
)
Author Note
This research was carried out as partial fulfillment towards
the Research Methods course at Argosy University by Jason
King.
Correspondence concerning this article should be
addressed to Jason King, Department of Psychology, Argosy
University, Phoenix 2233 West Dunlap Avenue, Phoenix, AZ
85021 Email: [email protected]
(
This is the first summary of your study. Please note that the
study reference is now different form M1A3 assignment.
) (
Put main title of the study here.
)Introversion and Extraversion Personality Traits and Marital
Bliss
Emotional responses tell us how an individual is processing her
environment, and if it contains negative stimuli, emotions
reflect such negativity in behavior. Tamir, Robinson, and Clore
(2002) carried out four experiments in this study and
investigated reaction time (RT), to positive and negative
adjectives. In the first study, 102 participants responded to a RT
task and then completed Positive and Negative Affect Schedule
(PANAS) developed by Watson, Clark, and Tellegen, (1988) to
determine their moods, followed by International Personality
Item Pool (IPIP) scales (short form) by Goldberg (1997) to
assess their extraversion. The RT task required each participant
to respond to a block of words, the participants wanted (e.g.,

3. love, happiness etc), or not wanted (failure, pain, etc.,) or
neutral (afternoon, definition, etc.,). Extraverts were faster than
introverts on positive mood task, and introverts were faster with
negative mood tasks. For both type of individuals, RT slowed
down if they performed the opposite mood tasks. After the first
experiment Tamir et al., (2002) carried out three other
experiments manipulating mood conditions and found
essentially the same results. This study proposes that traits of
introversion and extraversion regulate mood and behavior to
pleasant and non-pleasant stimulus material, and would be
useful for my proposal, because it suggests that extraverted and
introverted individuals may process pleasant and unpleasant
affective stimulation from the spouse differently leading to
marital bliss or nightmare.
(
Second summary.
)Why is it that extraverts associate with positive moods and
introverts with negative? In a series of three experiments
Lischetzke and Eid (2006) proposed that extraverts could
maintain better moods than introverts; and for extraverts mood
regulation abilities maintained their happiness. By using trait
measures, the first study (N = 500) provided evidence for mood
maintenance, and accounted for the link between extraversion
and pleasant mood. In the second study (N= 241), the above
findings were replicated in a different sample, and in the last
study (N = 55) to test the idea of mood regulation abilities,
extraverts when presented with ambivalent emotional situations,
maintained a more positive outlook on them than introverts.
These studies suggest, that extraversion is self-regulated and is
linked with pleasantness. These experiments, like Tamir et al.
(2002) suggest that extraverts have this inherent ability or trait
to have positive moods in their lives. Since both studies
corroborate, it will be beneficial for my proposal to focus on the
ability to regulate mood in spousal relationships, and develop a
hypothesis on how marital bliss could be influenced by this

4. ability.
(
Third summary.
)What factor or factors are likely to make introverts’ mood so
negative? Gudjonsson, Sigurdsson, Bragason, Einarsson, and
Valdimarsdottir (2004) think it is compliance. They purpose
that compliance, which is an individuals’ tendency to go along
with “propositions, requests or instructions, for some immediate
instrumental gain”, pressurizes them to remain congenial with
others, avoiding confrontation and providing pleasure. Although
immediate gains of such compliant behavior are obvious,
however its long-term effect strains relationships. This
correlational study, with 1969 participants, showed that
compliant behavior was positively associated with introversion,
and negatively with extraversion. In the light of these results,
one may speculate that individual’s capacity to comply
eventually lead to negative moods which may be detrimental for
marital relations. Whether complying behavior is inherent or
learnt or both, remains to be understood? For my study some
clarity may be there; the above studies suggest that
extraversion-introversion could be documented by behaviors,
influencing martial relationships.
(
Fourth summary.
)Could couple’s similarity in personality lead to better marital
adjustment and happiness? Barelds (2005) believe that
personality of couples (N = 282) can be different, yet they can
enjoy marital bliss and happiness. However, like the studies
above, they also found that extraversion was related to marital
happiness and introversion to marital difficulties. This study too
suggests that inherent traits of extraversion are likely to result
in marital bliss than anguish. The study points to the idea that
married individuals may have variety in their personality traits,
but marital happiness at the core may be linked to the trait of

5. extraversion.
(
Other five summaries.
) (
Fifth summary.
)In a cross-cultural perspective, Chen, Tanaka, Uji, Hiramura,
Shikai, Fujihara, and Kitamura (2007) found that neuroticism of
the husbands lead to marital satisfaction in the wives; but
wives’ extraversion made husbands’ less satisfied with their
marriage (N = 66 couples). So marital bliss may work
differently in other cultural contexts. This study will provide a
backdrop to suggest a caution that marital bliss in different
cultures may work differently and may be related to other
factors.
Gattis, Berns, Simpson & Christensen (2004) propose that we
are not totally clear about introversion and extraversion as
potential personality markers for marital bliss and suggest that
these personality factors may not be connected to such bliss.
For example, extraversion in men but not women was associated
with marital dissatisfaction and divorce (Kelly & Conley, 1987)
however; Lester, Haig, and Monello (1989; but see O'Rourke,
Claxton, Chou, Smith & Hadjistavropoulos, 2011; Gaunt, 2006)
suggest high extraversion in either spouse was associated with a
more dissatisfied relationship. So, in a study with 132
distressed couples and 48 controls Gattis, et al. (2004) looked at
Big Five personality factors and positive expressivity, and
found that lower agreeableness, lower conscientiousness, and
less positive expressivity, and higher neuroticism were
associated with marital dissatisfaction.
(
Hypothesis
)Many psychologists are investigating inherent personality traits
to ascertain which marriages last longer. The above ten studies
overall suggest, higher levels of introversion or neuroticism

6. will lead to marital dissatisfaction, and greater levels of
extraversion may or may not lead to marital bliss.
Outline
This study proposes to investigate personality traits or factors
connected with marital bliss. The investigator proposes that
introversion would lead to marital dissatisfaction and
extraversion may reduce such distress. In US many more
marriages are turning into divorces, estimates range from 30-60
percent. If personality or other factors could be identified,
divorce and distress from marriages could be reduced, leading
to happy married life. We hypothesize, higher levels of
introversion or neuroticism will lead to marital dissatisfaction,
and greater levels of extraversion may or may not lead to
marital bliss.
Review of the Literature
1. Brief description of personality traits and marital bliss
(Barelds, 2005; Gudjonsson et al. 2004; Lester, Haig &
Monello, 1989; Lischetzke & Eid, 2006). Cultural differences in
marital bliss as a result of personality differences (Chen et al.
2007; Gudjonsson et al. 2004).
2. How widespread is distress or bliss is marital relationships
based on divorce data? (Copen, Daniels, Vespa & Mosher,
2012).
3. List factors that put couples at risk for marital relationships
(Kelly & Conley, 1987).
a. Personality factors (Kelly & Conley, 1987; O'Rourke et al.
2011).
b. Cultural factors (Chen et al. 2007).
4. Demographic characteristics (O'Rourke et al. 2011; Shanhong
et al. 2008).
a. Relationship between age and marital bliss (O'Rourke et al.
2011).
b. (
Put “Method” of the study
here.
)Relationship between marital status, personality and

7. compatibility (Kelly & Conley, 1987).
Method
(
Participant section has all your sample information.
)Participants
In order to address the hypothesis above, we will solicit
participants from a marriage-counseling center, using a
convenient sample. We wish to get 40 or more couples, which
have been together for at least five years, but are now seeking
counseling for their dissatisfied marital life; and 40 other
couples with five years of marriage, who are enjoying happy
married life. These couples will also be extracted using
convenient sampling through classified ads, or personal
contacts. The age range of these participants is expected to be
between 25-45 years, and should generalize to respective
populations of married couples who are either dissatisfied or
satisfied in their marriage. When the number of participants
gets greater than 30, homogeneity of sample variance increases
representing the population of interest.
We would exclude all those couples that have been together for
less than five years, and if one of the couple is younger than 25
years. The reason for doing this is to exclude short span
marriage, and inexperience in age on the part of couples. We
would also exclude re-married couples, or couples who are
living together but are not married. For the distressed couples
seeking therapeutic help, we will exclude those who are
diagnosed with mental disorders, mental retardation, or other
physical medical conditions that could interfere with day-to-day
activities. Couples with emotional problems, especially in their
marriage will be included.
Handling couples that are in strained marital relationships opens
up a number of ethical issues and concerns. The first ethical
issue in this regard would be getting informed consent from
each member of the couple. This consent would work in tandem
with the counselor’s approval, so that participants can be a part
of this study. This approval is necessary, for it lets the

8. counselor know about the nature of the study and makes sure
that the study would not have any kind of repercussion on the
spouses endangering their therapy. All data from all couples
would be kept confidential, and codified to make it anonymous
and held in reserve under lock and key. The investigator will
make sure that couples are not subject to any kind of physical or
psychological harm, and all of them are handled with respect
and courtesy. If the study brings forth effective results, which
could improve the spousal relationship; and the counselor deems
it as important piece of information in therapy; such
information will be shared for their betterment.
(
The word “Reference
s
” is
NOT BOLD, but is
centered.
)References
(
Alphabetize references list using author’s last name.
)Barelds, D. H. (2005). Self and partner personality in intimate
relationships. European Journal of Personality, 19(6), 501-518.
doi:10.1002/per.549
Bodenmann, G., & Randall, A. K. (2012). Common factors in
the enhancement of dyadic coping. Behavior Therapy, 43(1),
88-98. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2011.04.003
Chen, Z., Tanaka, N., Uji, M., Hiramura, H., Shikai, N.,
Fujihara, S., & Kitamura, T. (2007). The role of personalities in
the marital adjustment of Japanese couples. Social Behavior and
Personality, 35(4), 561-572. doi:10.2224/sbp.2007.35.4.561
Copen, C. E., Daniels, K., Vespa, J., Mosher, W. D. (2012).
First marriages in the United States: Data from the 2006-2010
National Survey of Family Growth. National Health Statistics

9. Report 1-21.
Gattis, K. S., Berns, S., Simpson, L. E., & Christensen, A.
(2004). Birds of a Feather or Strange Birds? Ties Among
Personality Dimensions, Similarity, and Marital Quality.
Journal of Family Psychology, 18(4), 564-574.
doi:10.1037/0893-3200.18.4.564
Gaunt, R. (2006). Couple Similarity and Marital Satisfaction:
Are Similar Spouses Happier? Journal of Personality, 74(5),
1401-1420. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00414.x
Gudjonsson, G. H., Sigurdsson, J., Bragason, O. O., Einarsson,
E., & Valdimarsdottir, E. B. (2004). Compliance and
personality: The vulnerability of the unstable introvert.
European Journal of Personality, 18(5), 435-443.
doi:10.1002/per.514
Kelly, E. L., & Conley, J. J. (1987). Personality and
compatibility: A prospective analysis of marital stability and
marital satisfaction.Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 52, 27–40.
Lester, D., Haig, C., & Monello, C. (1989). Spouses’
personality and marital satisfaction. Personality and Individual
Differences,10, 253–254.
Lischetzke, T., & Eid, M. (2006). Why extraverts are happier
than introverts: The role of mood regulation. Journal of
Personality, 74(4), 1127-1162. doi:10.1111/j.1467-
6494.2006.00405.x
O'Rourke, N., Claxton, A., Chou, P., Smith, J. Z., &
Hadjistavropoulos, T. (2011). Personality trait levels within
older couples and between-spouse trait differences as predictors
of marital satisfaction. Aging & Mental Health, 15(3), 344-353.
doi:10.1080/13607863.2010.519324
Shanhong, L., Hao, C., Guoan, Y., Guangjian, Z., Ruixue, Z., &
Dan, X. (2008). Predicting Marital Satisfaction From Self,
Partner, and Couple Characteristics: Is It Me, You, or Us?
Journal Of Personality, 76(5), 1231-1266. doi:10.1111/j.1467-
6494.2008.00520.x
Tamir, M., Robinson, M. D., & Clore, G. L. (2002). The

10. epistemic benefits of trait-consistent mood states: An analysis
of extraversion and mood. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 83(3), 663-677. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.3.663
(
Include all your TEN
references here according to APA format.
Only first five reference shown here for example.
)