Waverly asked her mother about Chinese torture when her mother was painfully combing her hair, implying her mother was hurting her. However, her mother did not understand the hint. Waverly and her mother are alike in that they are both strong-willed and intelligent, yet they differ in their views - Mrs. Jong believes in old Chinese values while Waverly has become Americanized and rebellious. Learning the art of invisible strength from her mother helped Waverly win chess games by teaching her self-control and tactics, such as when she resisted salty plums but later received them. Waverly views her mother as her opponent in chess because while Waverly sees it as asserting independence, her mother