The laboratory report summarizes the results of a COVID-19 test conducted on a 13-year-old male patient. The test was a SARS-CoV-2 detection by qualitative real-time PCR test conducted on a nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab sample. The test result was negative, indicating that SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in the patient's sample. However, the report notes that a negative result does not rule out infection and should be interpreted along with the patient's clinical history and presentation. The report provides information on COVID-19, the testing method used, and guidelines for interpreting the results.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
1. LABORATORY REPORT
: P135683
: 02/01/2022 1 :48 PM
: 02/01/2022 2 :26 PM
: 03/01/2022 3 :38 PM
:
Patient ID
Registered On
Collected On
Reported On
External Id
: Firhad Ahmed
: V134278
: 13 Y/ M
Name
Visit No
Age/Gender
Ref By
Aadhar Card
DOB
: Kalarikkal X ray, Ramanattukara
: XXXX XXXX XXXX
: 05/12/2008
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORT
Test Name : COVID 19 SARS CoV 2 Detection by Qualitative Real Time PCR
ICMR Registration Number: CARREFLABVKK
SARS-CoV-2 Detection by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
TEST RESULT
SARS-COV2 NEGATIVE
Specimen Type :
Method :
Nasopharyngeal/Oropharyngeal swab
RTPCR
This Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction test intended to use for the qualitative detection of a novel corona virus which was identified in 2019 at
Wuhan City, Hubei province, China in upper respiratory tract specimens and lower respiratory tract specimens of infected people.
Pathogen information :
Corona viruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East
Respiratory Syndrome (MERS -CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is a new strain that has not
been previously identified in humans.
Interpretation :
A "POSITIVE" result indicates that Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA is present in the given sample and
suggests the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Test result should always be considered in the context of patient's clinical history,
physical examination, and epidemiologic exposures.
A "NEGATIVE" result indicates that SARS-CoV-2 is not present in the patient's given specimen. Result should be correlated with patient’s history
and clinical presentation. However it does not rule out the infection completely and should not be used as the sole basis for making decisions related
to treatment and other patient management decisions. A false negative may resulted due to inadequate number of organisms are present in the
specimen due to improper collection, transport or handling
Note: The results relate only to the specimens tested and should be correlated with clinical findings
Interpretation guidance:
1. Testing of referred clinical specimens was considered on the basis of request/referral received
from/ through state surveillance officer(SSO) of concerned State Integrated Disease Surveillance
Programme / any other health care facility affirming requirements of the case definition/s
2.A single negative test result, particularly if this is from an upper respiratory tract specimen, does not exclude infection
3.A positive test result is only tentative, and will be reconfirmed by retesting.
4.Repeat sampling and testing of lower respiratory specimen is strongly recommended in severe or progressive disease. The repeat specimens may be
considered after a gap of 2-4 days after the collection of the first specimen for additional testing if required
5.A positive alternate pathogen does not necessarily rule out either, as little is yet known about the role of coinfections
*** End of Report ***
Page 1 of 1
Dr. Ronald A Roche
MD Microbiology
Consultant Microbiologist
Dr. Reshmi Gopalakrishnan
MD Microbiology
Consultant Microbiologist