The document presents an overview of Roy's Adaptation Model, developed by nursing theorist Sister Callista Roy, focusing on the theory's major concepts, assumptions, and its application in nursing practice. It defines key components such as adaptive modes, stimuli types, and the metaparadigm of nursing, which includes human beings, environment, health, and nursing itself. The model posits that individuals are adaptive systems responding to stimuli to achieve holistic health and well-being.

2. Roy's Adaptation
Model

3. Presentation:
Presented by...
• Zobia Latif
• Nouman Haider
• Muhammad Nadeem
• Naeem Ismail
• Afia Shahid

4. Objectives :
• At the end of this presentation the student will be
able to:
• Introduction
• Adaptation Theory ( Grand Theory)
• Major Concepts and Definitions
• Major Assumptions
• Metaparadigm of ROY”s Adaptation Model
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5. INTRODUCTION
• Nurse Theorist , Writer , Lecturer, Researcher
and Teacher.
• Professor and Nurse Theorist at the “Boston of
Nursing”.
• Born at LOS Angeles on October 14 ,1939.
• Bachelor of Arts with a major in nursing Mount
St. Mary’s College , LOS Angeles in 1963.
• Master’s degree program in Pediatric Nursing
University of California, LOS Angeles in 1966.
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6. Cont.…
• Master’s and PhD in sociology in 1973 and
1977.
• Worked with Dorothy E. Johnson.
• Organized course content according to a view of
person and family as adaptive system.
• RAM as a basis of curriculum at Mount St.
Mary’s College.

7. Theoretical Sources
• Roy’s Adaptation Model for Nursing was
derived in 1964 from Harry Helson’s
Adaptation Theory adaptive responses
are a function of the incoming stimulus
and the adaptive level.
• Roy combines Helson’s work with
Rapport’s definition of system and views
the person as an adaptive system.
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8. Cont...
• After the development of her theory , Roy
developed the model as a framework for
nursing practice, research and education.
• The model uses concepts from Maslow to
explore beliefs and values of persons. Roy
holistic approach to nursing is based in
“Humanism”.

9. Concepts used by Roy:
• System:
A set of units so related or
connected as to form a unity or whole and
characterized by inputs, outputs, control and
feedback processes.
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11. Adaptation Level:
• A constantly changing point, made up of
focal, contextual, and residual stimuli,
which represent the person’s own
standard of the range of stimuli to which
one can respond with ordinary adaptive
responses.

12. Focal Stimulus:
• The stimulus most immediately confronting
the person an the one to which a person
must take adaptive response.
Example :- Smoking ( Nicotine Addiction )

13. Contextual Stimuli:
• All other stimuli that contribute the change
in behavior and precipitated by focal
stimuli.
E.g., Belief that smoking is enjoyable ,
relaxing and part of routine

14. Residual Stimuli:
• Factors that may be affecting the behavior
but whose effects are not validated.
E.g., Anxiety, stress.

15. Adaptation Problem
• The occurrence of situations of inadequate
response to need deficits or excesses.
• Seen not as nursing diagnosis , but areas
of concern for the nurse related to
adapting person or group ( within each
adaptive mode )

16. Subsystems:
• Regulator :
Subsystem coping mechanism which
responds automatically through neural chemical
endocrine processes.
• Cognator :
Subsystem coping mechanism which
responds to complex processes of perception and
information processing, judgment and emotion .

17. Responses:
• Adaptive Response :
Responses that promote integrity of
the person in terms of goals of survival ,
growth , reproduction and mastery .
• Ineffective Responses:
Responses that do not contribute to
adaptive goals, that is , survival , growth ,
reproduction and mastery.

18. Adaptive Modes:
There are four adaptive modes
• Physiological mode
• Self Concept
• Role performance mode
• Interdependence

19. Physiological Mode:
• It involve the body’s basic needs and ways
of dealing with adaptation in regard to fluid
and electrolytes , exercise and rest,
elimination, nutrition, circulation and
oxygenation, and regulation which
includes the senses , temperature and
endocrine regulation .

20. Self-concept mode:
• The composite of beliefs and feeling that
one holds about oneself at a given time . It
is formed from perceptions , particularly of
other’s reactions , and directs one’s
behavior ( physical self and personal self).

21. Role Performance Mode:
Role function is the performance of duties
based on given positions in society.
• Primary Role:
Generative adult female
• Secondary role:
as a mother, wife ,teacher

22. Interdependence mode:
• It involves one’s relations with significant
others and support system. In this mode
one maintains psychic integrity by meeting
needs for nurturance and affection .

23. Assumptions from system
theory:
• Holism
• Interdependence
• Control processes
• Information feedback
• Complexity of living system

24. Assumptions from Adaptation
level theory:
• Behavior as an adaptive
• Adaptation as a function of stimuli and
adaptation level
• Individual dynamic adaptation level
• Positive and active process of responding

25. Scientific Assumptions:
• The person is a bio-psycho-social being .
• The person is in constant interaction with a
changing environment .
• To cope with a changing world , person uses
both innate and acquired mechanisms which are
biological , psychological and social in origin.
• Health and illness are inevitable dimensions of
the person’s life .

26. Cont.…
• To respond positively to environmental
changes , the person must adapt.
• The person’s adaptation is a function of the
stimulus he is exposed to and his adaptation
level .
• The person’s adaptation level is such that it
comprises a zone indicating the range of
stimulation that will lead to a positive response .

27. Philosophical assumptions:
• Humanism
• Veritivity

28. Assumption from Humanism:
• Creativity
• Purposefulness
• Holism
• Interpersonal process

29. Assumptions based on Veritivity:
• A principle of human nature that affirms a
common purposefulness of human
existence.
• Purposefulness of human existence
• Unity of purpose of human kind
• Activity and creativity
• Values and meaning of life

30. Metaparadigm:
• Human being
• Environment
• Health
• Nursing

31. HEALTH:
• “ A State and a process of being and
becoming an integrated and whole person.
Lack of integration represents lack of
health”.

32. HUMAN BEING:
• A “ bio-psychosocial being in constant
interaction with a changing environment”.
• The recipient of nursing care , as a living ,
complex, adaptive system with internal
processes (cognator and regulator )
acting to maintain adaptation in the four
adaptive modes ( self concept , role
function , physiological needs and
interdependence ).

33. ENVIRONMET:
• “All the conditions, circumstances , and
influences surrounding and affecting the
development and behavior of persons or
groups”.
• Any environmental change demands
increasing energy to adapt to the situation.

34. NURSING:
• A “ Theoretical system of knowledge which
prescribes a process of analysis and
action related to the care of the ill or
potentially ill person”.
• Roy differentiates nursing as a science
from nursing as a practice discipline .