Here are the key points regarding route of administration for the given scenarios:
1. For the 5-year old child with pneumonia, the i.v. route would be most appropriate. Given the severity of symptoms like fast breathing, fever and indrawing, i.v. route allows for rapid absorption and achievement of therapeutic drug levels in the bloodstream. This is crucial in a serious infection like pneumonia. The antibiotic should be administered immediately while waiting for investigation reports.
2. For the 35-year old male with mild viral gastroenteritis, the oral route would be appropriate given his conscious state and absence of nausea/vomiting. The oral route allows maintenance of hydration which is the goal in this case.
Routes of drug administration - Part II for mbbsmani goel
No single method of drug administration is ideal for all drugs in all circumstances .A knowledge of advantages and disadvantages of different routes of administration is essential.
The document discusses various routes of drug administration including local and systemic routes. Local routes deliver drugs to specific tissues and include topical, intradermal, and intra-articular administration. Systemic routes deliver drugs via enteral routes like oral, sublingual, and rectal, or via parenteral routes like injection (intravenous, intramuscular, etc.), inhalation, and transdermal. The choice of route depends on factors like drug properties, desired effects, and patient condition. Proper technique and precautions are important for safe administration by any route.
Drugs may be administered by various routes. The choice of the route in a given patient depends on the tissue or organ to be treated, the characteristics of the drug and urgency of the situation, etc. Knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of the different routes of administration is essential. The routes can be broadly divided into Enteral, Parenteral, and Local.
This document discusses the various routes of drug administration including local and systemic routes. Local routes deliver drugs directly to a specific site without exposing the rest of the body and include topical, deeper tissue, and arterial supply routes. Systemic routes administer drugs via oral, sublingual, rectal, inhalation, nasal, cutaneous, and parenteral (subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intramuscular) delivery to circulate through the bloodstream. Each route has advantages and disadvantages depending on the drug properties and therapeutic objectives.
The document discusses various routes of drug administration including local and systemic routes. Local routes such as topical, inhalation, and intranasal routes deliver drugs directly to the site of action with minimal systemic absorption and side effects. Systemic routes such as oral, sublingual, buccal, and parenteral routes administer drugs intended to be absorbed into blood and distributed throughout the body. Parenteral routes including intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous injections provide faster onset of action compared to other routes but require more expertise. Factors like drug properties, site of action, absorption rate, and patient condition determine the appropriate route of administration. Novel drug delivery systems such as transdermal patches provide alternatives for continuous drug
Routes of drug administration - I for mbbsmani goel
No single method of drug administration is ideal for all drugs in all circumstances .A knowledge of advantages and disadvantages of different routes of administration is essential.
Pharmacology Routes of drug administration seminarDr. Ritu Gupta
The document discusses the various routes of drug administration including local and systemic routes. Local routes deliver drugs to specific localized areas without systemic absorption, including topical, deeper tissues, and arterial supply routes. Systemic routes deliver drugs via absorption into blood circulation to achieve widespread distribution throughout the body, including oral, sublingual/buccal, rectal, inhalation, nasal, cutaneous, and parenteral routes. Parenteral routes involve injection directly into tissues or bloodstream, such as intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intradermal injections. Factors such as drug properties, site of action, absorption rate, first-pass metabolism, desired speed of effect, dosage accuracy, and patient condition determine
Routes of drug administration - Part II for mbbsmani goel
No single method of drug administration is ideal for all drugs in all circumstances .A knowledge of advantages and disadvantages of different routes of administration is essential.
The document discusses various routes of drug administration including local and systemic routes. Local routes deliver drugs to specific tissues and include topical, intradermal, and intra-articular administration. Systemic routes deliver drugs via enteral routes like oral, sublingual, and rectal, or via parenteral routes like injection (intravenous, intramuscular, etc.), inhalation, and transdermal. The choice of route depends on factors like drug properties, desired effects, and patient condition. Proper technique and precautions are important for safe administration by any route.
Drugs may be administered by various routes. The choice of the route in a given patient depends on the tissue or organ to be treated, the characteristics of the drug and urgency of the situation, etc. Knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of the different routes of administration is essential. The routes can be broadly divided into Enteral, Parenteral, and Local.
This document discusses the various routes of drug administration including local and systemic routes. Local routes deliver drugs directly to a specific site without exposing the rest of the body and include topical, deeper tissue, and arterial supply routes. Systemic routes administer drugs via oral, sublingual, rectal, inhalation, nasal, cutaneous, and parenteral (subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intramuscular) delivery to circulate through the bloodstream. Each route has advantages and disadvantages depending on the drug properties and therapeutic objectives.
The document discusses various routes of drug administration including local and systemic routes. Local routes such as topical, inhalation, and intranasal routes deliver drugs directly to the site of action with minimal systemic absorption and side effects. Systemic routes such as oral, sublingual, buccal, and parenteral routes administer drugs intended to be absorbed into blood and distributed throughout the body. Parenteral routes including intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous injections provide faster onset of action compared to other routes but require more expertise. Factors like drug properties, site of action, absorption rate, and patient condition determine the appropriate route of administration. Novel drug delivery systems such as transdermal patches provide alternatives for continuous drug
Routes of drug administration - I for mbbsmani goel
No single method of drug administration is ideal for all drugs in all circumstances .A knowledge of advantages and disadvantages of different routes of administration is essential.
Pharmacology Routes of drug administration seminarDr. Ritu Gupta
The document discusses the various routes of drug administration including local and systemic routes. Local routes deliver drugs to specific localized areas without systemic absorption, including topical, deeper tissues, and arterial supply routes. Systemic routes deliver drugs via absorption into blood circulation to achieve widespread distribution throughout the body, including oral, sublingual/buccal, rectal, inhalation, nasal, cutaneous, and parenteral routes. Parenteral routes involve injection directly into tissues or bloodstream, such as intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intradermal injections. Factors such as drug properties, site of action, absorption rate, first-pass metabolism, desired speed of effect, dosage accuracy, and patient condition determine
This document discusses various routes of drug administration including enteral, parenteral, inhalational, and topical routes. It provides details on the merits and demerits of each route. It notes that the oral route is the most common and convenient but has limitations like unpredictable absorption. Parenteral routes allow rapid absorption but require more skill. Other routes like topical, inhalational, rectal, sublingual are suitable for specific drugs and clinical situations. It concludes with typical onset of action times for different administration routes.
The document discusses the various routes of drug administration including oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal, parenteral, injection, inhalation, and others. The choice of route depends on factors like the drug properties, the organ or tissue to be treated, absorption rate, patient condition, and accuracy of dose required. Each route has advantages and disadvantages related to onset of action, convenience, side effects, and applicability based on the drug and patient.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration including enteral, parenteral, and topical. The main enteral routes are oral, rectal, buccal, and sublingual. Oral administration has advantages like convenience and low cost but also disadvantages like first-pass metabolism and irritation. Parenteral routes like intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous bypass the gastrointestinal tract. Topical routes apply drugs directly to surfaces like the skin or mucous membranes. The optimal route depends on drug properties, desired effects, and patient condition.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration and factors to consider when choosing a route. The main routes discussed are oral, sublingual, rectal, parenteral (which includes subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intradermal), and inhalation. For each route, the key advantages and disadvantages are provided. The document emphasizes that no single route is ideal for all drugs or situations, and the properties of the drug as well as patient factors must be considered when determining the optimal administration route.
1. There are several routes of drug administration including enteral, parenteral, local, and topical routes. The choice of route depends on factors like the drug properties, site of action, rate of absorption, and patient condition.
2. Enteral routes include oral, rectal, buccal, and sublingual administration. Parenteral routes involve direct delivery into the systemic circulation via injections like intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous. Local routes target specific sites and topical routes apply drugs to external surfaces.
3. Each route has advantages and disadvantages related to factors like absorption, onset of action, safety, patient acceptability, and cost. The optimal route maximizes drug delivery while avoiding
Prafull Jain from Apollo College of Pharmacy presented on routes of drug administration. There are several factors that determine the appropriate route, including the drug's characteristics, the patient's condition, age, and diseases. The main routes are local, which act locally, and systemic, which enter the bloodstream. Systemic routes include enteral (oral, sublingual, rectal) and parenteral (inhalation, injection, transdermal). The choice of route depends on balancing efficacy, safety, patient acceptance, and cost.
This document discusses the various routes of drug administration including enteral, parenteral, inhalation, and topical routes. The enteral route includes oral, sublingual, and rectal administration. The oral route is the most common due to its convenience and low cost, though it has disadvantages like first-pass metabolism and drug degradation in the stomach. Parenteral routes like intravenous injection have rapid onset but require more skill. Inhalation allows direct delivery to the lungs while topical administration applies drugs locally to surfaces like the skin or mucous membranes. The route chosen depends on factors like the drug properties, desired effects, and patient needs.
Know About Your Drug ,,, Part - II ( Route of Drug Administration) for study purpose pharmaceutical professional such as students and other specialized field. Presentation for "LEARN & EARN KNOWLEDGE" based.
Thanks all of you for your support...Part-I success and your comments.
Seminar on routes of drug administratin and biotranformationnaseemashraf2
The document provides an overview of routes of drug administration and biotransformation. It defines routes of administration as enteral or parenteral, depending on whether the drug passes through the intestinal tract. Oral administration is the most common route due to convenience, but has limitations including first-pass metabolism in the liver. Other routes discussed include sublingual/buccal, rectal, parenteral (intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous), and emerging routes like transdermal delivery. The document also defines biotransformation as the process by which organisms metabolize compounds not normally part of their metabolism, and outlines drug metabolizing organs, enzymes, and factors affecting metabolism.
This document discusses routes of drug administration. It defines a route of administration as how a drug comes into contact with the body. There are two main categories of routes: local, which act on nearby tissues, and systemic, which distribute drugs throughout the body. Common systemic routes include oral, sublingual, rectal, inhalation, and parenteral. The document provides details on factors considered for each route like absorption rate, first-pass metabolism, drug properties, and patient condition. It also discusses advantages and disadvantages of various local and systemic administration routes.
The document discusses the various routes of drug administration which can be divided into enteral and parenteral routes. Enteral routes include oral, sublingual, and rectal while parenteral routes include intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, inhalation, and topical administration. The choice of route depends on factors like the drug's properties, desired effects, rate of absorption, stability, and patient condition. Parenteral routes bypass metabolism while enteral routes are subject to first-pass effect. Different routes provide variable onset of action from seconds to hours.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration in animals. There are two main classes of routes: enteral and parenteral. Enteral routes involve placing drugs directly into the gastrointestinal tract, such as orally, sublingually, or rectally. Parenteral routes bypass the gastrointestinal tract and include intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intra-articular, intraperitoneal, and others. Each route has advantages and disadvantages related to factors like onset of action, drug stability, and bypassing of first-pass metabolism. The document provides details on various administration techniques and considerations for each route.
The document discusses various routes of drug administration. It describes that the route of administration impacts how much of the drug reaches its intended site of action in the body by bypassing or reducing metabolic changes. The key routes discussed are oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal, parenteral including intravenous and intramuscular. Factors like drug properties, site of action, absorption rate, digestive effects, dosage accuracy, and patient condition determine the preferred route. Each route has advantages and disadvantages for drug delivery and specific drugs best suited for that administration path.
Psychopharmacology is the study of how drugs affect behavior and the nervous system. It was discussed that drugs can be used, misused, abused, or lead to dependence/addiction. Drugs have effects and sites of action in the body. Common routes of drug administration include oral, intravenous, intramuscular, and inhalation. Repeated exposure can lead to tolerance or sensitization. While medication can provide quick relief, criticisms of psychopharmacology include that it may do more harm than good in the long run by altering human biology and potentially leading to addiction.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration. It begins by defining key terms like pharmacology and first-pass effect. It then identifies the appropriate routes for different drug formulations like ear drops, injections, insulin etc. The various routes covered are oral, sublingual, rectal, parenteral routes like intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous etc. Factors influencing route selection and new advanced drug delivery systems are also discussed. The document is authored by Dr Lokendra Sharma and aims to provide an overview of different routes of drug administration.
A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body. Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration including oral, sublingual, rectal, parenteral, and others. The oral route is the most common as it is convenient, cheap, and painless. However, some drugs are destroyed by gastric juices or have extensive first pass metabolism. Alternative routes like sublingual can provide rapid absorption while avoiding first pass effects. Parenteral routes like intravenous provide the fastest onset but require more expertise to administer. The route chosen depends on drug properties and patient factors.
This document discusses routes of drug administration. It describes several factors that influence the choice of route, including the drug's properties, desired site of action, absorption rate, and patient condition. Systemic routes aim to distribute drugs through the bloodstream and include enteral (oral, sublingual, rectal) and parenteral (injections, inhalation, transdermal) routes. Local routes deliver high drug concentrations locally with minimal systemic absorption. Proper administration techniques are outlined for intramuscular and intravenous injections.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration including local and systemic routes. Local routes deliver drugs directly to the site of action and include topical application to the skin, eyes, ears etc. Deeper local routes use injections into joints, the spine or arteries. Systemic routes administer drugs through the entire body and include oral, sublingual, rectal, transdermal, inhalation, nasal and parenteral routes like subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous and intradermal injections. Each route has advantages and disadvantages related to onset of action, side effects, patient convenience and drug properties.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration including enteral, parenteral, inhalational, and topical routes. It provides details on the merits and demerits of each route. It notes that the oral route is the most common and convenient but has limitations like unpredictable absorption. Parenteral routes allow rapid absorption but require more skill. Other routes like topical, inhalational, rectal, sublingual are suitable for specific drugs and clinical situations. It concludes with typical onset of action times for different administration routes.
The document discusses the various routes of drug administration including oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal, parenteral, injection, inhalation, and others. The choice of route depends on factors like the drug properties, the organ or tissue to be treated, absorption rate, patient condition, and accuracy of dose required. Each route has advantages and disadvantages related to onset of action, convenience, side effects, and applicability based on the drug and patient.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration including enteral, parenteral, and topical. The main enteral routes are oral, rectal, buccal, and sublingual. Oral administration has advantages like convenience and low cost but also disadvantages like first-pass metabolism and irritation. Parenteral routes like intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous bypass the gastrointestinal tract. Topical routes apply drugs directly to surfaces like the skin or mucous membranes. The optimal route depends on drug properties, desired effects, and patient condition.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration and factors to consider when choosing a route. The main routes discussed are oral, sublingual, rectal, parenteral (which includes subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intradermal), and inhalation. For each route, the key advantages and disadvantages are provided. The document emphasizes that no single route is ideal for all drugs or situations, and the properties of the drug as well as patient factors must be considered when determining the optimal administration route.
1. There are several routes of drug administration including enteral, parenteral, local, and topical routes. The choice of route depends on factors like the drug properties, site of action, rate of absorption, and patient condition.
2. Enteral routes include oral, rectal, buccal, and sublingual administration. Parenteral routes involve direct delivery into the systemic circulation via injections like intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous. Local routes target specific sites and topical routes apply drugs to external surfaces.
3. Each route has advantages and disadvantages related to factors like absorption, onset of action, safety, patient acceptability, and cost. The optimal route maximizes drug delivery while avoiding
Prafull Jain from Apollo College of Pharmacy presented on routes of drug administration. There are several factors that determine the appropriate route, including the drug's characteristics, the patient's condition, age, and diseases. The main routes are local, which act locally, and systemic, which enter the bloodstream. Systemic routes include enteral (oral, sublingual, rectal) and parenteral (inhalation, injection, transdermal). The choice of route depends on balancing efficacy, safety, patient acceptance, and cost.
This document discusses the various routes of drug administration including enteral, parenteral, inhalation, and topical routes. The enteral route includes oral, sublingual, and rectal administration. The oral route is the most common due to its convenience and low cost, though it has disadvantages like first-pass metabolism and drug degradation in the stomach. Parenteral routes like intravenous injection have rapid onset but require more skill. Inhalation allows direct delivery to the lungs while topical administration applies drugs locally to surfaces like the skin or mucous membranes. The route chosen depends on factors like the drug properties, desired effects, and patient needs.
Know About Your Drug ,,, Part - II ( Route of Drug Administration) for study purpose pharmaceutical professional such as students and other specialized field. Presentation for "LEARN & EARN KNOWLEDGE" based.
Thanks all of you for your support...Part-I success and your comments.
Seminar on routes of drug administratin and biotranformationnaseemashraf2
The document provides an overview of routes of drug administration and biotransformation. It defines routes of administration as enteral or parenteral, depending on whether the drug passes through the intestinal tract. Oral administration is the most common route due to convenience, but has limitations including first-pass metabolism in the liver. Other routes discussed include sublingual/buccal, rectal, parenteral (intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous), and emerging routes like transdermal delivery. The document also defines biotransformation as the process by which organisms metabolize compounds not normally part of their metabolism, and outlines drug metabolizing organs, enzymes, and factors affecting metabolism.
This document discusses routes of drug administration. It defines a route of administration as how a drug comes into contact with the body. There are two main categories of routes: local, which act on nearby tissues, and systemic, which distribute drugs throughout the body. Common systemic routes include oral, sublingual, rectal, inhalation, and parenteral. The document provides details on factors considered for each route like absorption rate, first-pass metabolism, drug properties, and patient condition. It also discusses advantages and disadvantages of various local and systemic administration routes.
The document discusses the various routes of drug administration which can be divided into enteral and parenteral routes. Enteral routes include oral, sublingual, and rectal while parenteral routes include intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, inhalation, and topical administration. The choice of route depends on factors like the drug's properties, desired effects, rate of absorption, stability, and patient condition. Parenteral routes bypass metabolism while enteral routes are subject to first-pass effect. Different routes provide variable onset of action from seconds to hours.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration in animals. There are two main classes of routes: enteral and parenteral. Enteral routes involve placing drugs directly into the gastrointestinal tract, such as orally, sublingually, or rectally. Parenteral routes bypass the gastrointestinal tract and include intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intra-articular, intraperitoneal, and others. Each route has advantages and disadvantages related to factors like onset of action, drug stability, and bypassing of first-pass metabolism. The document provides details on various administration techniques and considerations for each route.
The document discusses various routes of drug administration. It describes that the route of administration impacts how much of the drug reaches its intended site of action in the body by bypassing or reducing metabolic changes. The key routes discussed are oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal, parenteral including intravenous and intramuscular. Factors like drug properties, site of action, absorption rate, digestive effects, dosage accuracy, and patient condition determine the preferred route. Each route has advantages and disadvantages for drug delivery and specific drugs best suited for that administration path.
Psychopharmacology is the study of how drugs affect behavior and the nervous system. It was discussed that drugs can be used, misused, abused, or lead to dependence/addiction. Drugs have effects and sites of action in the body. Common routes of drug administration include oral, intravenous, intramuscular, and inhalation. Repeated exposure can lead to tolerance or sensitization. While medication can provide quick relief, criticisms of psychopharmacology include that it may do more harm than good in the long run by altering human biology and potentially leading to addiction.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration. It begins by defining key terms like pharmacology and first-pass effect. It then identifies the appropriate routes for different drug formulations like ear drops, injections, insulin etc. The various routes covered are oral, sublingual, rectal, parenteral routes like intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous etc. Factors influencing route selection and new advanced drug delivery systems are also discussed. The document is authored by Dr Lokendra Sharma and aims to provide an overview of different routes of drug administration.
A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body. Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration including oral, sublingual, rectal, parenteral, and others. The oral route is the most common as it is convenient, cheap, and painless. However, some drugs are destroyed by gastric juices or have extensive first pass metabolism. Alternative routes like sublingual can provide rapid absorption while avoiding first pass effects. Parenteral routes like intravenous provide the fastest onset but require more expertise to administer. The route chosen depends on drug properties and patient factors.
This document discusses routes of drug administration. It describes several factors that influence the choice of route, including the drug's properties, desired site of action, absorption rate, and patient condition. Systemic routes aim to distribute drugs through the bloodstream and include enteral (oral, sublingual, rectal) and parenteral (injections, inhalation, transdermal) routes. Local routes deliver high drug concentrations locally with minimal systemic absorption. Proper administration techniques are outlined for intramuscular and intravenous injections.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration including local and systemic routes. Local routes deliver drugs directly to the site of action and include topical application to the skin, eyes, ears etc. Deeper local routes use injections into joints, the spine or arteries. Systemic routes administer drugs through the entire body and include oral, sublingual, rectal, transdermal, inhalation, nasal and parenteral routes like subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous and intradermal injections. Each route has advantages and disadvantages related to onset of action, side effects, patient convenience and drug properties.
This document discusses the various routes of drug administration including enteral, parenteral, and local routes. The key routes described are oral, sublingual, rectal, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and others. The factors that determine the appropriate route include the physical and chemical properties of the drug, the site of desired action, rate and extent of drug absorption, and condition of the patient. No single route is ideal for all circumstances.
This document discusses pharmacokinetics, which describes the movement of drugs in the body over time, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. It covers various routes of drug administration including oral, parenteral, inhalation, and others. Factors affecting absorption such as formulation, solubility, and food effects are examined. The concepts of bioavailability, half-life, volume of distribution, protein binding, metabolism, and elimination are defined and their clinical implications explored.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration including local routes like topical, deeper tissues, and arterial supply which provide localized drug delivery. Enteral routes like oral, buccal/sublingual, and rectal involve drug delivery through the gastrointestinal tract. Parenteral routes like injections that are intradermal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, and intra-arterial deliver drugs systemically. Each route has advantages and disadvantages related to factors like onset of action, reliability, patient acceptability and sterility requirements. The choice of route depends on the drug and desired therapeutic effects.
The document discusses various drugs used in pediatric dentistry, including their routes of administration, mechanisms of action, and side effects. It focuses on local anesthetics like lidocaine, analgesics like aspirin and acetaminophen, antibiotics, and emergency drugs. Local anesthetics work by depressing nerve endings and inhibiting nerve conduction, while analgesics relieve pain either peripherally or centrally. The most common routes of drug administration in dentistry are oral, intramuscular, and intravenous.
This ppt is for pharmacology students of MBBS UG&PG and other healthcare persons who needs basic science like BDS, Nursing Ayurveda unani homeopathy etc.
The document discusses various channels and routes of drug administration including enteral, parenteral, and topical. The main enteral routes are oral, rectal, buccal, and sublingual. Oral administration involves swallowing drugs for absorption in the GI tract. Sublingual and buccal routes place drugs under the tongue or in the cheek for rapid absorption bypassing the liver. Parenteral routes involve injection and include intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and others. Topical routes apply drugs directly to the skin or mucous membranes. The selection of a specific route depends on factors like the drug properties, desired speed of onset, and patient condition.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration including local routes like topical, deeper tissues, and arterial supply as well as enteral routes like oral, buccal/sublingual, and rectal. It also covers different types of parenteral routes like injections that can be intradermal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, intra-arterial, and intrarticular. For each route, it provides the definition, advantages, and disadvantages. The factors affecting the choice of administration route and classification of routes are also defined.
Pharmacokinetics is the study of how the body handles drugs through absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Drugs can be administered through various routes including oral, parenteral, inhalation, and topical. Absorption involves the transfer of drugs from the site of administration into systemic circulation. It is influenced by properties of the drug like solubility, size, and ionization as well as physiological factors like pH, surface area, and blood flow.
Absorption of Drugs Routes of Drug Administration.pptxAwais irshad
To understand the essential drug absorption mechanisms
To describe the factors influencing drug absorption
To explain the barriers in drug absorption
To describe the routes of administration with advantages and disadvantages
Routes of drug administrations : Dr Rahul Kunkulol's Power point preparationsRahul Kunkulol
The route of administration affects how quickly and effectively a drug acts. Oral administration is convenient but less efficient than other routes due to first-pass metabolism. Intravenous administration has the fastest onset due to direct delivery to the bloodstream but also higher risk. The optimal route considers the drug's properties, desired effects, and patient condition.
The document discusses various routes of drug administration. It defines a route of administration as the path by which a drug enters the body. Routes are classified as enteral, parenteral, or topical. Enteral routes include oral, sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration. Parenteral routes comprise intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and inhalation. Topical routes are external or internal applications. Each route is described in terms of advantages and disadvantages, such as onset of action, bioavailability, and avoidance of first-pass metabolism.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration in pharmacology and toxicology. It describes local routes like topical application for localized drug effects and parenteral routes for systemic drug delivery. The key routes discussed are oral, sublingual, rectal, intravenous and intramuscular injection. Factors determining the appropriate route include drug properties, desired effects, patient condition and accuracy of dosing. The advantages and disadvantages of different routes are also outlined.
Routes of drug administration can be systemic or local. Systemic routes deliver drugs to the circulatory system and affect the entire body. These include enteral routes like oral, sublingual and rectal administration as well as parenteral routes like inhalation, injection, and transdermal delivery. Each route has advantages and disadvantages depending on factors like onset of action, suitability for different drug properties, patient conditions, and ease of administration. The most appropriate route is selected based on these considerations to maximize drug effectiveness and safety.
Routes of drug administration can be systemic or local. Systemic routes include enteral (oral, sublingual, rectal) and parenteral (inhalation, injection, transdermal) routes. The oral route is most common due to its convenience but has limitations. Sublingual and buccal routes provide rapid onset due to avoidance of first-pass metabolism. The rectal route can be used when oral is not possible. Parenteral routes have faster onset but require sterile techniques. Injections can be intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous. Transdermal routes provide sustained delivery for select drugs. Choice of route depends on drug properties and patient factors.
2_Routes of drug Administration_March 2022.pptxkhushikamboj7
Routes of drug administration refer to the paths through which drugs can be delivered into the body. The main routes discussed are oral, parenteral (subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous), rectal, inhalation, and local application. Factors like drug properties, patient factors, and desired therapeutic effect determine the optimal route. The oral route is most common due to convenience but other routes are needed for unstable, irritant drugs or unconscious patients.
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Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
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5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
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2. Routes of Drug Administration
A route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid,
poison, or other substance is brought into contact with the
body.
Route of administration (ROA) that is chosen may have a
profound effect upon the speed and efficiency with which
the drug acts
3. Factors governing route of administration
• Drug factors
• Physical and chemical properties of the drug
(solid/liquid/gas; solubility, stability, pH, irritancy).
• Nature of the drug
• Rate and extent of absorption of the drug from
different routes
• Bioavailability of drug
• Distribution
• Extensive first pass metabolism
4. • Patients factor
• Condition of the patient (unconscious, vomiting).
• Associated comorbidities
• Rapidity with which the response is desired (routine
treatment or emergency).
• Accuracy of dosage required (i.v. and inhalational can
provide fine tuning).
• Disease factors
• Site of desired action—localized and approachable or
generalized and not approachable.
• Emergency situation
10. DISADVANTAGES
•Action of drugs is slower and thus not suitable for emergencies.
•Unpalatable drugs (chloramphenicol) are difficult to administer;
•May cause nausea and vomiting .
•Cannot be used for uncooperative/unconscious/ vomiting
patient.
•Absorption of drugs may be variable and erratic;
•certain drugs are not absorbed (streptomycin).
•Others are destroyed by digestive juices (penicillin G,Insulin) or
in liver (GTN, testosterone, lidocaine).
11. Precautions
Patient should be
in upright position
To be taken with
glass full of water
Avoid certain
drugs in
recumbent
position
•Iron
•Tetracycline
•Bisphosphonates
12. TRANSMUCOSAL ROUTE
• SUBLINGUAL ROUTE :
Tablet is placed
under tongue
Crosses buccal
mucosa
Enters into systemic
circulation
Example
Nitroglyceri
ne
Buprenorph
ine
Nifedipine
13. ADVANTAGES OF SUBLINGUAL
ROUTE
Rapid onset of action
Quick termination on spitting
Bypass first pass metabolism
No degradation in intestinal wall and liver.
14. First-pass Effect
• The first-pass effect is the term used for the
metabolism of a drug during its passage from
the site of absorption into systemic circulation.
• The greater the first-pass effect, the less the
agent will reach the systemic circulation when
the agent is administered orally
18. Advantages
No GI irritation
First pass
degradation is
relatively less
Useful in patients
with nausea &
vomiting
Examples
Indomethacin in
rheumatoid
arthritis
Bisacodyl,
Glycerine
suppositories,
enema
Diazepam in
status epilepticus
Disadvantage
All patients may
not be
comfortable/
willing to do it.
Chances of rectal
inflammation
Absorption is
unreliable
19. ENEMA
EVACUANT ENEMA
• For evacuation of large
bowel.
• Warm water, soap solutions,
glycerin can be given.
• Amount ~ 600 ml.
• Used for
– Constipation
– Pre-op preperation
– Before radiological
examination.
RETENTION ENEMA
• Local action
– Steroids in ulcerative colitis.
• Systemic action
– Diazepam in status
epilepticus
– Indomethacin in RA.
• Amount ~ 100-120 ml.
Causes
evacuation
Should be
retained for
action
20. PARENTERAL ROUTES
ADVANTAGES
Can be used in
unconscious
and
uncooperative
patients
Beneficial in
vomiting &
diarrhoea.
Irritating drugs
can be given.
Avoid drug
modification
by GI & liver
enzymes.
Rapid action and
accuracy of dose is
ensured.
22. INTRAVENOUS
IV injection
As a rapid IV bolus
Over 5-10 minutes
in 10-20 ml dilution
In an infusion in 50-
100 ml or larger in
volume.
To slow the
administration of
the drug
To maintain
constant plasma
levels
To administer large
volumes either
rapidly or over
prolonged periods.
OBJECTIVES
RAPID
SLOWER
EVEN
SLOWER
!!!
25. • Dermojet: In this method needle is not used; a high velocity jet of drug solution
is projected from a microfine orifice using a gun like implement. The solution
passes through the superficial layers and gets deposited in the subcutaneous
tissue. It is essentially painless and suited for mass inoculations.
• Pellet implantation: The drug in the form of a solid pellet is introduced with
a trochar and cannula. This provides sustained release of the drug over weeks and
months, e.g. DOCA, testosterone.
• Sialistic (nonbiodegradable) and biodegradable implants:
Crystalline drug is packed in tubes or capsules made of suitable materials and
implanted under the skin
27. Intramuscular
Mild irritants can
be given.
Depot
preparations
Local pain /
necrosis.
Damage to nerve
deltoid, triceps,
gluteus maximus,
rectus femoris
Intramuscular injections
should be avoided in
anticoagulant treated
patients,
29. INTRATHECAL
In subarachnoid
space.
Bypass BBB &
Blood-CSF barrier.
Antibiotic
Anticancer drugs.
EPIDURAL
Drug is injected
between the Dura
& the lining of
spinal canal
Lidocaine
http://pain-
topics.org/images/img_glossar
y2.jpg
http://www.dhmc.org/dhmc-internet-
upload/file_collection/ESI-translaminal.jpg
31. Intramedullary
In the bone
marrow
Saline/blood
can be given in
new born
Rarely used.
Intraarticular
Into joint cavity
Hydrocortisone
in Rheumatoid
Arthritis
Intralesional
Glucocorticoid
injection..
Local
anaesthetic
injection.
Given in
painful spots.
34. Metered dose inhalers
• Contain solution /suspensions /
emulsion of drugs in a mixture of
inert propellants held under
pressure in an aerosol dispenser
incorporating a metering device.
• Poropellants: liquified
hydrocarbon gases
• Requires careful storage as
peopellant may be volatile and
inflammable
35. Nebulisers
• Nebulised aerosols
delivered through a
mask
• Relatively large volumes
can be nebulised
• Mostly used in hospital
setting
• Useful in pediatric
population
36. Dry powder inhalers
• Rota inhaler, spin inhaler, disk inhaler
• Used for inhalation of micronized powders of
relatively potent drugs
• Powder is supplied in a hard gelatin capsules
• These devices often breath actuated-
synchronisation with breathing cycle is
automatic
• No dilution of drug with liquid-higher dose per
inspiration can be delivered
37.
38. LOCAL APPLICATION
SKIN
• Ointment
• Cream
• Powder
• Lotion
• Paste
MUCOUS
MEMBRANE
• Mouthwash
• Lozenges
• Gargles
• Spray
CAVITY
• Bougie
• Pessaries
• Suppository
REMEMBER IT FROM OUT TO IN SKIN, MUCOUS
MEMBRANE, CAVITY
39. Local
• Used only for localized lesions at accessible sites
• Systemic absorption from these sites is minimal or
absent.
• High concentrations are attained at the desired site
without exposing the rest of the body.
• Systemic side effects or toxicity are consequently
absent or minimal.
40. Topical
• External application of the drug to the surface for localized
action.
• Convenient
• Drugs can be efficiently delivered to the localized lesions on
skin, oropharyngeal/ nasal mucosa/ eyes, ear canal, anal canal
• Lotion, ointment, cream, powder,rinse, paints, drops, spray,
lozenges,suppositories
• Nonabsorbable drugs given orally for action on g.i. mucosa
41. Advantages of local route
Fast onset of
action
Better
concentration
at site of
action
Less quantity
is required.
Less systemic
ADR.
Disadvantages of local route
Not always
possible to
apply a drug
locally
Local
irritation
Sometimes
systemic
absorption
and toxicity
can occur
42. TRANSCUTANEUS ROUTE
• IONTOPHORESIS :
– Galvanic current drives the drug into deeper
tissue.
– Force of repulsion drives the drug into deeper
tissues.
– Salicylates .
45. • Same drug different route different
action.
• Action of MgSO4.
Oral Saline laxative
Rectally Reduces Intra
cranial tension
Injection Anticonvulsant
Topical
Hygroscopic
,reduces
edema
46. • A 5-year-old child is brought to the hospital with the complaint of fever,
cough, breathlessness and chest pain. On examination he is found to be
dull, but irritable with fast pulse (116/min), rapid breathing (RR 50/min)
and indrawing of lower chest during inspiration, wheezing, crepitations
and mild dehydration. Body temperature is 40°C (104°F). The paediatrician
makes a provisional diagnosis of acute pneumonia and orders relevant
haematological as well as bacteriological investigations.
• He decides to institute antibiotic therapy.
(a) In case he selects an antibiotic which can be given orally as well as by i.m.
or i.v. injection, which route of administration will be most appropriate in
this case?
(b) Should the paediatrician administer the antibiotic straight away or should
he wait for the laboratory reports?
47. • A 35 year old male patients is suffering with
mild viral gastroenteritis. He had 3 loose
motions in previous 24 hrs. on examination he
had no signs of dehydration. He is conscious &
Cooperative
• No Nausea & vomiting
• T/T : To maintain hydration
• Decide route of administration
48. • A 30 yr old male patients presents with
complaints of episodic breathlessness often
following exertion. After examination &
investigations, Physician make a diagnosis of
acute bronchial asthama.
• Drug of choice is Salbutamol
• Decide route of administration & Explain.
49. • A 55 yr old man presentedwith complaints of
tightness & discomfort over middle part of
chest felt episodically particularly after
exertion. A diagnosis of exertional angina was
made & he was prescribed –Tab glyceryl
trinitrate.
• Decide & explain advantages & disadvantages
of decided route of administration.