The present-day electrical power system is A.C. i.e. electric power is generated, transmitted and distributed in the form of alternating current. The electric power is produced at the power stations which are located at favourable places, generally quite away from the consumers. It is delivered to the consumers through a large network of transmission and distribution
Here is a list of the Telegram bots in all categories. You can sort bots by newest or rating.
Select the category you want to find a bot in that category and press "Filter Bots" bu
Here is a list of the Telegram bots in all categories. You can sort bots by newest or rating.
Select the category you want to find a bot in that category and press "Filter Bots" bu
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
2. DESCRIPTION OF 220KV SUBSTATION,
MURADNAGAR
The 220KV power substation has the capacity-
(2*160MVA+1*100MVA).
It receives three 220kv lines from Sikandrabad,
Loni and Dadri and two 400kv lines from
Modipuram (circuit 1) and a newly installed circuit
2. It steps down this supply to 132kv, 66kv, 33kv
and 11kv. 132kv line gives supply to Lalkuan,
Morta, Newari, Modisteel, Hapur and Dasna, 33kv
line to Rawli, Noorpur, Goelispat, and 11kv to New
substation.
4. TRANSFORMERS
Al s o knowna sthehe artof
substations.Theseare
u s e d t o re du c e the
voltagesatappropriate
levels
CURRENT VOLTAGE
TRANSFORMERS
Itis a used in power
systems to step downextra
high voltage signals and
provide a low voltage signal,
for measurement or to
operate a protective relay
WAVETRAP
Traps the high frequency
signals
ISOLATORS
Usedformaintenanceofthe
circuitinnoloadcondition
CIRCUITBREAKER
usedtoprotectthe
eqiupmentbyopeningthe
circuitforovercurrent
andovervoltages
LIGHTININGARRESTER
Used for protecting the
equipment from surge
voltages
MAIN EQUIPMENTS AT MURADNAGAR
SUBSTATION220KV
5. LIGHTNING ARRESTER
DEFINATION
A lightning arrester is a device used on
electrical power systems to protect the
insulation on the system from the
damaging effect of lightning.
6. L.A CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
❑ALSO KNOWN AS SURGE ARRESTER
❑USED IN THE POWER SYSTEMS TO
PROTECT FROM LIGHTNING
❑WHEN SUURGE TRAVELS ALONG
THE LINE , THE ARRESTOR DIVERTS IT
TO THE EARTH
1.Rod arrester
2.Horn gap arrester
3.Multi gap arrester
4.Expulsion type lightning arrester
5.Valve type lightning arrester
6. Silicon Carbide Arrestors
7. Metal Oxide Arrestors
At MURAD NAGAR substation we use
ZINC OXIDE ARRESTOR GAPLESS
7. CURRENT VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
A capacitor voltage transformer (CVT),
or capacitance coupled voltage
transformer (CCVT) is a transformer used
in power systems to step down extra high
voltage signals and provide a low
voltage signal, for measurement or to
operate a protective relay.
In its most basic form the device consists
of three parts: two capacitors across which
the transmission line signal is split,
an inductive element to tune the device to
the line frequency, and a transformer to
isolate and further step down the voltage
for the instrumentation or protective relay.
8. CURRENT VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
CVTs are typically single-phase devices used
for measuring voltages in excess of one
hundred kilovolts where the use of wound
primary voltage transformers would be
uneconomical. In practice, capacitor C1 is
often constructed as a stack of smaller
capacitors connected in series. This provides
a large voltage drop across C1 and a relatively
small voltage drop across C2.
9. WAVETRAP
Reliable & fast communication is
necessary for safe efficient &
economical power supply . To
reduce the power failure in extent &
time, to maintain the interconnected
grid system in optimum working
condition to coordinate the
operation of various generating unit
network is
for state electricity
communication
indispensable
board.
10. CURRENT VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
Wave trap is an instrument using for trapping of
the wave. The function of this trap is that it traps
the unwanted waves. Its function is of trapping
wave. Its shape is like a drum. It is connected to
the main incoming feeder so that it can trap the
waves which may be dangerous to the instruments
here in the substation. Low pass filter when power
frequency currents are passed to switch yard and
high frequency signals are blocked.
It is used for communication purpose.
11. ISOLATOR
Isolator
Used to ensure that an electrical circuit is
completely de-energised for service or
maintenance. Such switches are often
found in electrical distribution
and industrial applications, where
machinery must have its source of driving
power removed for adjustment or repair.
High-voltage isolation switches are used in
electrical substations to allow isolation of
apparatus such as circuit
breakers, transformers, and transmission
lines, for maintenance. The disconnector is
usually not intended for normal control of
the circuit, but only for safety isolation.
Disconnector can be operated either
manually or automatically (motorized
disconnector)
12. STEPSOFOPERATIONOFISOLATOR
SEQUENCE OF STEPS FOR ATTENDING
MAINTENANCE:
1.Open CB on no load or full load
2.Open the isolator on no load
3.Close the earth switch
SEQUENCE OF STEPS FOR KEPT IN
SERVICE
1.Open the earth switch
2.Close the isolator
3.Close the CB
13. CIRCUITBREAKER
▪A circuit breaker is equipment, which can
open or close a circuit under normal as well as
fault condition. These circuit breaker breaks
for a fault which can damage other instrument
in the station. It is so designed that it can be
operated manually (or by remote control)
under normal conditions and automatically
under fault condition. Whenever a fault
occurs trip coil gets energized, the moving
contacts are pulled by some mechanism &
therefore the circuit is opened or circuit
breaks.
14. CIRCUITBREAKER
1. Actuator mechanism - forces the
contacts together or apart
2. Contacts - Allow current when
touching and break the current
when moved apart
3. Terminals
4. Bimetallic strip.
5. Calibration screw - allows the
manufacturer to precisely adjust
the trip current of the device after
assembly.
6. Solenoid
7. Arc divider/extinguisher
15. Sulpar hexafluoride
circuit breaker (SF6)
Sulphar hexa fluoride (SF6)
gas is used as the arc
quenching medium . The SF6
is an electronegative gas and
has a strong tendency to
absorb free electrons. Circuit
breakers have been developed
for voltage 115KV to
230KV , power rating10
MVA
Vacuum circuit breakers
Vacuum circuit breakers are
circuit breakers which are
used to protect medium and
high voltage circuits from
dangerous electrical
situations
Oil circuit breaker
A high-voltage circuit
breaker in which the
arc is drawn in oil to
dissipate the heat and
extinguish the arc; the
intense heat of the arc
decomposes the oil .
Air-blast circuit breaker
Fast operations ,suitability for repeated
operation , auto reclosure , unit type
multi break constructions ,simple
assembly , modest maintenance are
some of the main features of air blast
circuit breakers. A compressors plant
necessary to maintain high air pressure in
the air receiver.
DIFFERENTCIRCUITBREAKERS
17. TRANSFORMERS
POWER TRANSFORMERS
Transformer is a static machine, which transforms
the potential of alternating current at same
frequency. It means the transformer transforms the
low voltage into high voltage & high voltage to low
voltage at same frequency. It works on the principle
of mutual inductance.
When the energy is transformed to a higher voltage,
the transformer is called step up transformer and
then it is transmitted at lower voltage it is called
step down transformer.
There are 3 transformers in the substation:
160MVA, 220/132 KV (2nos.)
100 MVA TRANSFORMER(1)
18. PowerTransformerfeeding
160 MVA transformers are manufactured by
ADITYA and by TRM. These are the power
transformers and , there efficiency is high.
Primary side is star connected while secondary is
delta connected.
There are seventeen tapping in it.
Every transformer has OLTC to change the tap
for controlling voltage.
TYPES OF COOLING:
▪ AIR NATURAL COOLING
▪ AIR BLAST COOLING
▪ OIL NATURAL COOLING
▪ OIL BLAST COOLING etc.
19. SOMEIMPORTANTCOMPONENTS
Earth switch: It is a switch normally kept open and connected between earth and conductor. If the
switch is closed it discharges the electric charge to ground, available on the uncharged line.
Bus-bar: When number of lines operating at the same voltage levels needs to be connected
electrically, bus-bars are used. Bus-bars are conductors made of copper or aluminum, with very low
impedance and high current carrying capacity.
Current transformers (CT): The lines in substations carry currents in the order of thousands of
amperes. The measuring instruments are designed for low value of currents. Current transformers
are connected in lines to supply measuring instruments and protective relays.
Insulators They support the conductor (or bus bar) and confine the current to the conductor. The
most commonly used material for the manufactures of insulators is porcelain. There are several
type of insulator (i.e. pine type, suspension type , strain type ,shackle types etc.) and there used in
Sub-Station will depend upon the service requirement
Potential transformers (PT): The lines in substations operate at high voltages. The measuring
instruments are designed for low value of voltages. Potential transformers are connected in lines to
supply measuring instruments and protective relays. These transformers make the low voltage
instruments suitable for measurement of high voltages.