- A 23-year-old female presented with sudden onset headache and weakness of the left upper and lower limb. MRI showed a right parasaggital and parafalcine arteriovenous malformation (AVM).
- A multidisciplinary tumor board decided to plan stereotactic radiotherapy for the AVM after discussing the patient's history, imaging findings, and treatment options.
- Treatment planning involved delineating the AVM nidus as the target and determining appropriate dose and beam arrangement to deliver 18Gy to the planning target volume margin in a single fraction. Dosimetric indices were calculated to evaluate target coverage and dose fall off.
Conventional radiotherapy treatments are delivered with radiation beams that are of uniform intensity across the field (within the flatness specification limits). Wedges or compensators are used to modify the intensity profile to offset contour in irregularities and produce more uniform composite dose distributions such as in techniques using wedges. This process of changing beam intensity profile to meet the goals of a composite plan is called intensity modulation
IMRT refers to a radiation therapy technique in which nonuniform fluence is delivered to the patient from any given position of the treatment beam to optimize the composite dose distribution. The optimal fluence profiles for a given set of beam directions are determined through inverse planning. The fluence files thus generated are electronically transmitted to the linear accelerator, which is computer controlled, to deliver intensity modulated beams (IMBs) as calculated.
Conformal Radiotherapy in Head and neck cancers is essential in terms of improving quality of life and local control in this era. This presentation aimed at giving an overview of conformal radiotherapy and its role in HNC to a 'general audience'.
Thermal Ablation of Renal Tumors under Ultrasound Guidance and Conscious Seda...asclepiuspdfs
Purpose: Computed tomography (CT) guidance and general anesthesia have recently been recommended as the approach of choice for percutaneous ablation of small renal cell carcinoma (RCC), whereas ultrasound (US) guidance and conscious sedation have been tagged as inadequate. Aim of the study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous thermal ablation of small RCC under ultrasound (US)-guidance and conscious sedation. Methods: The records of 74 patients with small RCC (≤5 cm), who underwent US-guided thermal ablation under conscious sedation were retrospectively reviewed. Conscious sedation was usually induced by means of intravenous bolus of midazolam 50–100 μg/kg plus continuous infusion of a 25 μg/mL solution of remifentanil at a rate of 0.05 μg/kg/min. Technical success, technical efficacy, local tumor progression (LTP), primary and secondary efficacy rates, complication rate, and 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were analyzed.
Conventional radiotherapy treatments are delivered with radiation beams that are of uniform intensity across the field (within the flatness specification limits). Wedges or compensators are used to modify the intensity profile to offset contour in irregularities and produce more uniform composite dose distributions such as in techniques using wedges. This process of changing beam intensity profile to meet the goals of a composite plan is called intensity modulation
IMRT refers to a radiation therapy technique in which nonuniform fluence is delivered to the patient from any given position of the treatment beam to optimize the composite dose distribution. The optimal fluence profiles for a given set of beam directions are determined through inverse planning. The fluence files thus generated are electronically transmitted to the linear accelerator, which is computer controlled, to deliver intensity modulated beams (IMBs) as calculated.
Conformal Radiotherapy in Head and neck cancers is essential in terms of improving quality of life and local control in this era. This presentation aimed at giving an overview of conformal radiotherapy and its role in HNC to a 'general audience'.
Thermal Ablation of Renal Tumors under Ultrasound Guidance and Conscious Seda...asclepiuspdfs
Purpose: Computed tomography (CT) guidance and general anesthesia have recently been recommended as the approach of choice for percutaneous ablation of small renal cell carcinoma (RCC), whereas ultrasound (US) guidance and conscious sedation have been tagged as inadequate. Aim of the study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous thermal ablation of small RCC under ultrasound (US)-guidance and conscious sedation. Methods: The records of 74 patients with small RCC (≤5 cm), who underwent US-guided thermal ablation under conscious sedation were retrospectively reviewed. Conscious sedation was usually induced by means of intravenous bolus of midazolam 50–100 μg/kg plus continuous infusion of a 25 μg/mL solution of remifentanil at a rate of 0.05 μg/kg/min. Technical success, technical efficacy, local tumor progression (LTP), primary and secondary efficacy rates, complication rate, and 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were analyzed.
Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty (PBMV) involves atrial septostomy during the procedure. One of the consequences of transseptal puncture is the creation of an Atrial Septal Defect (ASD). Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) can detect Left to Right (L-R) shunts too small to be detected by other methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the 3 years follow-up of ASD closure after PBMV by TEE. 200 consecutive patients with rheumatic Mitral Stenosis (MS) who underwent successful PBMV by using the Inoue balloon catheter were studied prospectively. ASD with small L-R atrial shunting occurred in all the patients (100%) immediately after
PBMV. Total study 200 patients. All the ASDs were small in size (≤ 5 mm). The puncture site (ASD site) occurred in the fossa ovalis (Fo.Ov) in 120 patients (60%), while it occurred outside the Fo.Ov (either in the superior limbus or in the inferior limbus of the Interatrial Septum (IAS)) in the other 80 patients (40%). 180 patients presented at 6 month follow-up. ASD was closed in 117 patients (65%), while it was persisted in 63 patients (35%). 95 patients presented at 3 years follow-up. ASD was closed in 76 patients (80%) (Group I), while it was persisted in 19 patients (20%) (Group II). All the 74 patients who had ASD immediately after PBMV in the Fo.Ov, presented with ASD closure at 3 years follow-up. Only 2 patients who had ASD immediately after PBMV outside the Fo.Ov, presented with ASD closure at 3
years follow-up. All the 19 patients who presented at 3 years follow-up with ASD persistence had ASD immediately after PBMV outside the Fo.Ov (14 in the superior limbus and 5 in the inferior limbus). No patient presented at 3 years follow-up with ASD persistence, had ASD immediately after PBMV in the Fo.Ov Large LAD, high total Echocardiographic (echo) score of the Mitral Valve (MV), thick Fo.Ov, thick superior limbus, thick inferior limbus and ASD site immediately after PBMV outside the Fo.Ov were signifi cant predictors of ASD persistence at 3 years follow-up. In conclusion, ASD with L-R atrial shunting occurs in all the patients after PBMV by using the Inoue balloon catheter. ASD after PBMV persists in 20% of the patients at 3 years follow-up. Predictors of ASD persistence at 3 years follow-up are: large LAD, high total echo score of the MV, thick Fo.Ov, thick superior limbus, thick inferior limbus and ASD site immediately after PBMV outside the Fo.Ov. ASD closes at 3 years follow-up in all the patients who had ASD in the Fo.Ov immediately after PBMV. All the patients with ASD persistence
at 3 years follow-up had ASD outside the Fo.Ov after PBMV. It is recommended that operators doing transseptal puncture during PBMV by using the Inoue balloon catheter should aim to do it in the Fo.Ov.
patients with commissural calcification have a lower
incidence of bilateral com. splitting; have a higher
incidence of severe MR at one year and at 3 years
Ultrasound guided compression of femoral Pseudoaneurysmiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
It took another 10 years, after a positive response of a different Review Board,before the first alcohol septal ablation (ASA) could be performed at the Royal Brompton Hospital in London 25 years ago.1
The very first patient, after having been informed in great length and meticulous detail about all possible risks,agreed to an experimental procedure, the outcome of which could not be defined.
She had severe left ventricular hypertrophy that created an impressive and highly
symptomatic outflow tract gradient despite pacing and drug treatment; after the ablation on June 18, 1994, she remained asymptomatic for >20 years.
Introduction: Radiofrequency Ablation (RF) of Nodal Reentry Tachycardia (AVNRT) requires precision to avoid AV block. 3D Electro-Anatomic Mapping (EAM) systems allowed to reduce radiological exposure. We sought to evaluate safety and effi cacy of AVNRT ablation, analyzing tip stability with a EAM
system aiming a Minimal Fluoroscopic Approac (MFA).
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
3. John C. Flickinger, MD
Professor of Radiation Oncology
Physician, UPMC Presbyterian Gamma
Knife and Shadyside Hospital
10/30/2020 3
HISTORY…………….
4. HISTORY
• 23 year female
• ECOG-1
• Sudden onset headache
• Weakness of left upper and lower limb
• Evaluated outside
• Images not available
10/30/2020 4
5. • Right parasaggital and parafalcine T2 hyper
intense
• Flair [ central hypo and peripheral hyper]
• DWI- no restriction
• S/o- infarct
MRI FINDING
10/30/2020 5
6. 1. For those patients who have previously undergone
embolization in an attempt to reduce flow or to achieve
volumetric reduction of the AVM, or for those who have had
intracranial surgery or hematoma evacuation, radiosurgery
may be used as an adjuvant strategy rather than a primary
management.
2. We often perform radiosurgery once the patient has
achieved stable neurologic improvement but almost never
within the first month after an ictal event, such as a bleed
or embolization.
3. For patients who have had intracranial hemorrhages, we
prefer to wait between 1 and 3 months to see if there will
be a regional clot reabsorption.
4. The AVM nidus should not be compressed by clot at the
time of the radiosurgery.
5. Failure of radiosurgery can be traced in some ways to
inadequate planning, inadequate recognition of the 3D
geometry of the AVM, reappearance of a component of the
AVM previously embolized, or reappearance of a
component of the AVM that was previously compressed by10/30/2020 6
POST BLEED AND POST EMBOLIZATION AVM SRS
7. • Location-Right high posterior parietal vascular malformation
• Malformation size 3.4cm x 2.9cm x3.4cm
• Nidus size 1.6cm x 1.4cm
• Arterial supply- Pericollasal and collasomarginal branches of
right anterior cerebral artery
• Venous drainage- cortical veins along the right posterior
parietal region
• Hemoglobin degradation products with gliosis and
enchephalomalacia.
MRI and MR ANGIO after 3 months
10/30/2020 7
12. 1. Number of AVM
2. Location of AVM
1. Eloquent vs. non eloquent
2. Parenchymal vs. dural
3. Size of AVM
4. Feeding artery and number
5. Draining vein and number
6. Associated aneurysm and location
7. Any clot
8. Size of nidus
9. Blood degradation product
10. Edema
11. Thrombosis
12. Venous ectasia or stenosis
13. Superficial or deep draining vein
14. Aneurysm and clips
15. Compact nidus vs. diffuse nidus
16. Early draining veins vs. not early
CHECKLIST IN AVM RADIOLOGY FINDING
10/30/2020 12
13. 23rd NOV 2020/BRAINL. Dade Lunsford
ANALYSING ANEURYSMS IN AVM BEOFORE SRS
1. Patients who have a proximal unsecured aneurysm have an increased risk of post-
radiosurgical hemorrhage.
2. If the aneurysm is immediately proximal to the AVM, it will likely close as the AVM
obliterates.
3. We have not found that intranidal aneurysms increase the risk of bleeding during
the latency interval.
4. For those patients with aneurysms more than one arterial branch proximal to their
AVM, we believe that the aneurysm requires a different management algorithm that
should be determined based on those characteristics that guide whether surgery or
endovascular is the best management.
5. Such aneurysms generally do not go away at the time that the AVM is obliterated.
10/30/2020 13
23. Tumor board decision
• After group discussion with neurosurgeon,
radiation oncologist and interventional
radiologist, board decided to plan for
stereotactic radiotherapy
• Patient was explained about complications
and outcome of the procedure
10/30/2020 23
26. Patient discussion
• Discussed about the procedure
• Discussed about imaging and follow up
• Discussed about obliteration rate
• Discussed about the complications
• Discussed about the avoidance of pregnancy
for 3 years
• Discussed about the repeat SRS
• Discussed about post radiotherapy raised ICT
10/30/2020 26
28. • How it works?
• Is emobilization needed?
• What is obliteration rate?
• What is rebleed incidence?
• How will be the follow up
• Can I conceive?
• Complication and rates?
Answering patient specific questions
10/30/2020 28
29. PIE SCORE - POST SRS INJURY EXPRESSION
JOHN C. FLICKINGER/IJROBP/1998
Related to location – Higher PIE is
associated with higher likelihood of injury
10/30/2020
30. FLICKINGER CURVE -12Gy VOL. BASED ON LOCATION
JOHN C. FLICKINGER/IJROBP/2000
Symptomatic post SRS injury according to
location & 12-Gy-Volume for AVM in temporal,
parietal, cerebellar, corpus callosum, medulla,
and basal ganglia locations.
Symptomatic post SRS injury according to
location & 12-Gy-Volume for AVM in frontal,
intraventricular, cerebellar, occipital, thalamic,
and pons/midbrain locations
CHANCES OF NECROSIS
10/30/2020 30
33. Daniel Tonetti/J Neurosurg (Suppl 2)/2014
PREGNANCY AFTER AVM SRS
After SRS, pregnancy during the latency period
before AVM obliteration may be a risk factor for
AVM hemorrhage. Hence defer pregnancy till
obliteration has been achieved
Doctor, my SRS treatment was over . Can
I plan for a baby?
1. Hemorrhage during the
latency interval occurred at
an annual rate of 2.5% for
nonpregnant women and
11.1% for pregnant women.
2. The data suggest that
pregnancy might be a risk
factor for AVM hemorrhage
during the interval between
SRS and AVM obliteration
10/30/2020 33
34. L. Dade Lunsford
IS EMBOLIZATION NEEDED BEFORE RADIOSURGERY IN AVM?
1. The goal was to decrease the volume of the
AVM to make it more effective for radiosurgery
2. However, embolization can be effective only if it
permanently reduces the nidus volume.
3. Reduction in flow from an AVM does not provide
improvement in radiosurgical outcome data
4. In a study of 47 patients who had radiosurgery
and embolization in comparison to 47 matched
patients who were treated with radiosurgery
alone, nidus obliteration was achieved in 47% of
the embolization group but in 70% of the
radiosurgery group.
5. Our most recent analysis suggests that
radiosurgical embolization had a negative effect
on AVM obliteration rates.
6. Others have reported that up to 30% of patients
who had AVM embolization subsequently had
an increase in the nidus volume when a
subsequent angiogram was performed at the
time of radiosurgical targeting.
Do not embolize before radiation
treatment since it can decrease
the apparent size of the AVM and
can lead to inadequate treatment
because of geographic miss
10/30/2020 34
35. L. Dade Lunsford
OBLITERATION OF AVM-DOSE RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP
1. Using dosages at the
margin of 20 Gy
(median),we
documented AVM
obliteration in 73% of
those patients studied
by angiography and in
86% of those patients
studied by MRI alone.
2. Furthermore, we
believe that there is
approximately a 95%
accuracy that MRI-
detected obliteration
will be confirmed by
follow-up angiography.
10/30/2020 35
37. L. Dade Lunsford
CYST FORMATION IN POST RADIOSURGERY AVM
1. Risk of late cyst formation at the site of the obliterated nidus, and the long-
term risk for radiation-induced tumor.
2. Cyst formation after AVM radiosurgery was first reported by Japanese
investigators who had sent patients to receive Gamma Knife radiosurgery
in Sweden in the early years of radiosurgery.
3. Cyst formation has also been reported in other long-term follow-up studies.
4. In our 20 years of experience, we have detected 16 patients (1.7%) with
delayed cyst formation.
5. We also observed that patients who developed delayed cyst formation
were more likely to have had prior bleeds.
6. This raises the intriguing possibility that residual iron deposition in the brain
tissue may serve as a radiation sensitizer that could potentiate the effects
of radiosurgery on a long-term basis.
7. Such cysts have been managed with observation, simple drainage, cyst
shunting, or surgical fenestration.
8. Patients with perioperative T2 signal change without additional neurologic
problems do not require additional treatment
10/30/2020 37
38. • Planned for SRS
• Single fraction
• 18Gy/1# marginal dose
Radiation tumor board
10/30/2020 38
41. MRI protocol
• T1/T2/FLAIR sequence- Usual sequence
• MR ANGIO
• 3D FSPGR contrast- Normal anatomy
• 3D DSA
• 512x 512 matrix
• 1mm slice
• No gap
• No tilt
• Neutral neck
• FOV should include body contour nose,
eye and skull
10/30/2020 41
42. • 1mm slice
• Contrast
• Vertex to neck
• With SRS mask
• CT contrast and ANGIO
Planning CT
10/30/2020 42
43. Basics of target delineation
10/30/2020 43
• Delineate the nidus
• Do not include the vessels
• Exclude the hemorrhagic degradation product if any
• Take the help of interventional radiologist and
neurosurgeon
• If post emobilization take the residual nidus only
54. • Nidus volume-5.8cc
• K index formula- dose x cube root AVM volume
• K index usually kept at 27
• dose = 27/ cube root AVM volume
• =27/ cube root of 5.8
• =27/1.8
• =15Gy
The dose selection by K INDEX
10/30/2020 54
57. SL NO PARAMETER VALUE
1 D MAX 22.97Gy
2 D95% 18.29Gy
3 D100% 16Gy
4 V95% 99.7%
5 V18 Gy[V100%] 97%
6 V19.8Gy[110%] 73.58% (7.322cc)
7 V21.60Gy[120%] 4.4% (0.438cc)
8 V130% 0%
1. Prescription Isodose level is usually not 100% PD covering 100% PTV
2. Often 95% PD covering 95% PTV or higher
3. Or 100% PD covering 95% PTV or higher.
Michael Torrens,/J Neurosurg (Suppl 2)/2014
PTV coverage index
10/30/2020 57
58. • FORMULA
• VOLUME OF PRESCRIPTION ISODOSE/PTV VOLUME
• 10.67/9.97=1.07
• DESIRABLE=1
[Sonja Petkovska
Proceedings of the Second
Conference on Medical Physics and
Biomedical Engineering]
RTOG conformity index
10/30/2020 58
59. • FORMULA
(VOLUME OF PRESCRIPTION ISODOSE IN AREA OF INTEREST)2
PTV VOLUME X VOLUME OF PRESCRIPTION ISODOSE
• Here- 0.88
• IDEAL= > 0.85. AND <1
Michael Torrens,/J Neurosurg (Suppl 2)/2014
Paddick conformity index
10/30/2020 59
60. • FORMULA
• MAXIMUM DOSE/PRESCRIPTION DOSE
• 22.97Gy/18Gy=1.27
• DESIRABLE = 1.1-1.3
HOMOGENITY index
10/30/2020 60
61. • Dose fall off observation is very much needed in this
evaluation under headings
• Gradient index
• Difference between various isodose lines
• e.g between 80% and 60%- ideal- <2mm
• Between 80% and 40%- ideal- < 8mm
• For that reason we have to calculate equivalent
radius
Dose fall off
10/30/2020 61
62. • To evaluate dose gradient we have to find out
difference between radius of various isodose line
• But none is iso spherical
• We have to find out equivalent radius from formula
• First find out the specified isodose volume
• Then calculate the radius
• V=4/3 πr3
• r= (3V/4π)1/3
Equivalent radius
10/30/2020 62
64. • FORMULA
– Difference of equivalent radius of prescription
isodose and equivalent radius of 50% isodose
• 1.37mm-2.0mm=0.63mm
• It should be between 0.3 to 0.9
Gradient index
10/30/2020 64
65. • BETWEEN 80% AND 60%- IDEAL-<2mm
– HERE- 1.61-1.85=0.14mm
• BETWEEN 80% AND 40%- IDEAL- <8mm
– HERE- 1.61-2.19=0.58mm
EORTC-22952-26001
Distance between various isodose lines
10/30/2020 65
73. • MECHANICAL ISOCENTER CHECK
– WINSTON LUTZ TEST
• POINT DOSE VERIFICATION
• TOLERANCE-1MM
Travis R. Denton/JOURNAL OF APPLIED CLINICAL MEDICAL PHYSICS/2015
QA part
10/30/2020 73
77. 18th NOV 2020/BRAINL. Dade Lunsford
PERI PROCEDURE MEDICATION DURING AVM SRS
1.Patients with lobar AVMs were placed
prophylactically on anticonvulsants for a period of 2
to 4 weeks around the time of the procedure.
2.This has reduced the risk of a perioperative seizure
event from as high as 5% in year 1 of our 20-year
experience to a risk of 1% at the current time
3.At the conclusion of the procedure, patients receive
20 to 40 mg of methylprednisolone
Steroids
10/30/2020 77
78. PREMEDICATION
• Tab. Dexamethasone 8mg thrice daily starting day
before
• Tab. Ondansetron 8mg thrice daily starting day
before
• Tab. Pan 40 once daily starting day before
• Antiepileptic for 6-8 weeks
• Diabetes care if
• Taper the steroid over 3 weeks
• Anti emetics
• PPI
Peri medication
10/30/2020 78
79. 31st OCT 2020/BRAINSYMEON MISS IOS/NEUROSURG FOCUS/2014
FOLLOW UP IN POST SRS AVM
1. Patients were evaluated with MRI at
6, 12, 24, and 36 months after RS,
when possible.
2. In the case of adverse radiation
events, imaging was performed with
increased frequency.
3. After 3 years, if MRI demonstrated
likely obliteration of the AVM nidus,
angiography was recommended.
4. Arteriovenous malformation
obliteration was defined as a lack of
blood flow through the AVM nidus
without signs of early draining vein
on angiography.
5. If residual nidus was visualized, then
patients were typically
recommended to undergo a second
treatment.
10/30/2020 79
81. DOCTORS
• Dr P S Bhattacharya
• Dr C R Kundu
• Dr V K Reddy
• Dr Sajal Kakkar
• Dr Deepak Gupta
PHYSICISTS
• MR A C PRABU
• MR A SRINU
• MR PRASAD
• DR ANIL KUMAR
TECHNOLOGIST TEAM
Acknowledgments
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