Root Canal Preparation Simplified

This document discusses various root canal preparation techniques including step-back, crown-down, and balanced force techniques. It provides details on each technique's procedures, advantages, and limitations. The step-back technique involves initial apical preparation followed by step-wise coronal preparation to create tapers. Crown-down starts with coronal flaring before apical instrumentation to minimize debris extrusion. Hybrid and balanced force techniques combine aspects of different methods.

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Vital pulp therapy aims to preserve healthy pulp tissue and includes procedures like indirect/direct pulp capping, pulpotomy, and apexification. The goal is to stimulate reparative dentin formation and maintain the tooth as a functional unit. Success depends on factors like the patient's age, pulp chamber size, bacterial contamination, and quality of the restoration. Indirect pulp capping involves stepwise caries removal and capping the remaining dentin layer, while direct capping places a material directly over an exposed pulp. Pulpotomy and apexification procedures are used to treat immature teeth and maintain root development.

Pulp capping

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This document summarizes different techniques for pulp capping including direct and indirect pulp capping. It discusses the history of various materials used for pulp capping such as calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate. Key points covered include the indications and contraindications for pulp capping, the ideal properties of capping materials, and the histological response after pulp capping including zone formation. The document provides an overview of pulp capping procedures and factors influencing their success.

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A pulpotomy involves removing the inflamed coronal pulp while leaving the healthy radicular pulp intact. The aim is to relieve pain and allow for root development. Formocresol pulpotomy is commonly used and involves applying formocresol to the exposed pulp stump to fix tissues and eliminate microorganisms. It is performed using either a single-stage or two-stage technique. Other materials used include calcium hydroxide, glutaraldehyde and ferric sulfate. Success rates depend on strict case selection and technique.

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Working length determination

Working length is the distance from a coronal reference point to the point where canal preparation and obturation should terminate. It is important to determine working length precisely using radiographs or electronic apex locators. The radiographic method involves measuring the total length of the tooth on preoperative radiographs, subtracting 1mm as a safety factor, and confirming length under radiograph after instrumentation. Electronic apex locators use electric current to detect the apical foramen. Tactile methods are unreliable due to risk of over-instrumentation or under-instrumentation.

Pulp therapy for primary and young teeth

The document discusses various pulp therapy techniques for primary and young permanent teeth, including indirect and direct pulp capping, pulpotomy, and apexogenesis. It provides indications and contraindications for each technique, as well as descriptions of techniques such as using calcium hydroxide or zinc oxide-eugenol to cover exposed pulp tissue. The goal of pulp therapy is to maintain the health of the teeth and surrounding tissues through various treatments aimed at preserving pulp vitality.

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Endodontic diagnosis could be a difficult task in most occasions, but with clinical assessment and careful history taking this task would be easier and clearer. This lecture assembled by Osama Asadi, B.D.S, concentrating at the basic science of diagnosing pulpal and periapical diseases and their differential diagnosis and treatment plan. also endodontic case sheet and review-cases attached to the lecture at the end to help proper understanding of the subject.

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This document outlines emergency drugs used in dentistry. It discusses different medical emergencies that may occur during dental procedures like syncope, hypoglycemia, and anaphylactic shock. It categorizes emergency drugs into injectable and non-injectable types. Injectable drugs are further divided into primary (essential) and secondary (non-essential) categories. Primary injectables include epinephrine, antihistamines, anticonvulsants, and narcotic antagonists. Secondary injectables include analgesics, vasopressors, corticosteroids, and antihypoglycemics. Non-injectable emergency drugs discussed are oxygen, vasodilators, respiratory stimulants, antihypoglyce

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