Download to read offline
_Unit_1_Directional_and_Anatomical_Location_Terminology[1].ppt
- 1. Directional and Anatomical LocationTerminology
- 2. Sports Medicine InjuriesLearning Targets • Unit 1 – Anatomical Directions and Movement Terminology – I can define terminology used to describe anatomical locations. – I can differentiate between the cardinal anatomical planes. – I can define terminology used to describe anatomical movements. – I can describe anatomical locations using correct medical terminology. – I can apply anatomical movement terminology to specific anatomical actions.
- 3. Anatomical Position • Anatomicalposition – Standard reference point • Body standing erect (upright) • Facing forward • Arms at side • Palms and toes directed forward
- 4. Reference Positions • Fundamentalposition – Similar to anatomical position – Arms more relaxed – Palms face inward • Relative angle – Included angle between two segments
- 5. Cardinal Planes • Sagittal –Left and right halves – Mediolateral axis – Midsagittal plane • Frontal (coronal) – Front and back halves – Anteroposterior axis • Transverse (horizontal) – Upper and lower halves – Longitudinal axis • Many other planes exist
- 6. • Cranial /Superior • Caudal / Inferior
- 7.
- 8.
- 9.
- 10.
- 11.
- 12. • Ipsilateral –on the same side • Contralateral – on opposite sides
- 13. Flexion & Extension •Flexion – Decreasing joint angle • Extension – Increasing joint angle • Hyperflexion – Flexion beyond normal range • Hyperextension – Extension beyond normal range
- 14. Abduction & Adduction •Abduction – Moving away from midline • Adduction – Moving toward midline • Hyperabduction – Abduction past 180° point • Hyperadduction – Adduction past 0° point
- 15. Movement Descriptors • Circumduction: –Movement in a conic fashion – Combination of flex, ext, abd, add, IR, ER
- 16. Movement Descriptors • Inversion –Lift medial edge of foot • Eversion – Lift lateral edge of foot
- 17. Movement Descriptors • Plantarflexion –Increase angle between foot and shank • Dorsiflexion – Decrease angle between foot and shank
- 18. Movement of theScapulae • Elevation – raising the scapula (shrug) • Depression – lowering the scapula
- 19. Movement of theScapulae • Protraction – move scapulae apart • Retraction – move scapulae together
- 20. Movement of theScapulae • Upward rotation – bottom of scapula moves away from trunk • Downward rotation – return to normal
- 21. Other Movement Descriptors •Horizontal adduction – Combination of flexion and adduction • Horizontal abduction – Combination of extension and abduction
- 22. Other Movement Descriptors •Rotation – Medial (internal) or lateral (external) – Right/left for head and trunk – Shoulder or hip
- 23. Other Movement Descriptors •Medial/Internal Rotation: rotation of the bone inward around the long axis of the bone
- 24. Other Movement Descriptors •Lateral/External Rotation: rotation of the bone outward around the long axis of the bone
- 25. Specialized Movement Descriptors •Lateral Flexion: – Head or trunk only – Example: head tilts sideways
- 26. Specialized Movement Descriptors •Supination – turn palms frontward • Pronation – turn palms backward • Radial flexion – hand toward thumb • Ulnar flexion – hand toward little finger • Opposition – Thumb to little finger
- 27. Movement Descriptors ofthe Foot • Plantarflexion – Increase angle between foot and shank • Dorsiflexion – Decrease angle between foot and shank • Inversion – Lift medial edge of foot • Eversion – Lift lateral edge of foot
- 28. Pronation and Supinationof the Foot • Pronation and supination of the feet are not the same as inversion and eversion • Pronation of the foot – Dorsiflexion at the ankle – Eversion in the tarsals – Abduction of the forefoot • Supination of the foot – Plantarflexion at the ankle – Inversion in the tarsals – Adduction of the forefoot
- 29. Specialized Movement Descriptors •Anterior Tilt • Posterior Tilt • Lateral Tilt
- 30. Degrees of Freedom •Degree of freedom – Number of planes in which a joint has the ability to move • 1 degree of freedom – Uniaxial – Example: Elbow • 2 degrees of freedom – Biaxial – Example: Wrist • 3 degrees of freedom – Triaxial – Example: Shoulder
- 31. Directions and Positions Planesof Movement Sagittal Frontal Transverse Superior Inferior Posterior Anterior
- 32.
- 33. Movements of theBody Spine and Thorax (vertebral column) Neck (cervical spine)
- 34.
- 35.
- 36.
- 37. Elbow and Forearm (humeroulnarand humeroradial joints – elbow, proximal and distal radioulnar joints – forearm)
- 38.
- 39. Fingers (metacarpophalangeal, proximal and distalinterphalangeal joints) Thumb (first carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints)
- 40.
- 41.
- 42.
- 43. Ankle, Foot andToes (talocrural, talotarsal, midtarsal, tarsometatarsal, metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints)
- 44. Types of Joints HingeJoint Ball-and-Socket Joint Saddle Joint Ellipsoid Joint Gliding Joint Pivot Joint