This document discusses the tertiary sector of the economy. It defines the tertiary sector as involving the provision of services rather than goods, using skilled labor like teachers, doctors, and shopkeepers. It notes that the tertiary sector has grown the most over the past 30 years compared to other sectors due to increasing population, agricultural and industrial development, and rising incomes. Key services discussed include transportation, communication networks, banking, tourism and education.

1. SUBMITTED BY:- KRISHAN KANT
ROLL NO:- 3023

2. These are those economic activities in which production of
services and exchange of goods take place with the help of
skilled manpower.
# Consist of activities where people offer their knowledge and
time to improve productivity, performance, potential and
sustainability.
# Manpower is an important component.
# Not directly involved in the processing of raw materials.
#The output is indirectly measured in terms of wages and
salaries.
# Example:- Teacher, Electrician, Doctor, Publisher, Shop keeper,
etc

3. * Provider of services
Ex:- Hospitals, Banks,
Consultants, Teachers,
Administrative services,
etc
*
Provider of engineering
and construction
consultancy support
services for all projects in
all sectors.
Help in development of
new technology for
Primary and Secondary
sector because of
intensive R & D in this
sector
* Provide the countryman
necessary information and
knowledge
Helps in increasing the
efficiency of the people

4. Over the past 30 years, while production has increased in all the 3
sectors, it has increased the most in the tertiary sector. The
reasons for the fast development of tertiary sector in India are as
follows:-
 Due to increase in population, the necessity of basic services like hospitals,
educational institutions, police stations, administrative offices, etc have
increased.
 The development in the agricultural and industrial sectors has increased the
need of services such as transportation, storage and trade.
 As the income of the people increased, the demand for services in tourism,
retailing, catering and elite education also increased.

5. PRIMARY ACTIVITY SECONDARY ACTIVITY
TERTIARY ACTVITY

7. Transport or transportation is the movement of people, animals and goods
from one location to another. Transport is important because it enables trade
between persons, which is essential for the development of civilizations.

9. - Used for short distance travel
- Less capital investment
- Door to door service
- Flexibility in services
- Distribution:-
-Total motorable road length:- 15 million KM
- Highest road density:- North America
- Very high Highway density in North America(0.65 per sq km)
- Highway network in the industralized region west of the Urals in
Russia
- Highways criss-cross China
- Many highways in India( NH 7- Largest )
- Ex:- Pan-American Highway, Trans Continental Stuart Highway in Australia,
Moscow-Vladivostok Highway in Russia, Golden Quadrilateral in India, etc

11. - Good for long distance travel on land
- Suitable for bulky and heavy goods
- Cheaper in long distance travel
- Distribution:-
- Europe:- 440000 KM
- North America:- 40% of world
- Australia:- About 40000 KM
- South America:- Most dense in the Pampas of Argentina and Coffee
growing regions of Brazil
- Asia:- Most dense in Japan, China, India
- Africa:- 40000 KM ( SA alone accounts 18000 KM )
- Ex:- Trans-Siberian Railway, Trans-Canadian Railway, The Orient
Express, Australian Trans continental Railway, The union and Pacific
Railway, etc

13. - Cheaper than roadways
- Less congestion problem and free to use
- Economical for good transport
- Distribution:-
- Important sea routes:- The North Atlantic Sea Route, The Mediterranean
Indian Ocean Sea Route, The Cape of Good Hope sea route, The North
Pacific Sea Route, The South Pacific Sea Route
- Important Canals:- The Suez canal, The Panama Canal, etc
- Important Inland Waterway:- The Rhine Waterways, The Danube
Waterway, The Volga Waterway, The Great Lakes- St Lawrence
Seaway, The Mississippi Waterways, National Waterways in India, etc

15. FIG:- Sea and Air Routes

16. - Fast means of transport
- Easy transport for costly and light goods
- Free from physical barriers
- Have great strategic importance
- At present no place no place in the world is than 35 hours away
- The worldwide air transportation network is represented by the database
of International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- UK pioneered the use of commercial jet transport
- Toady more than 250 airline companies offer regular services
- Supersonic aircraft changed the face of aircraft industry
- Ex of aircraft companies:- Qatar Airways, Fly Emirates, Air India, Qantas
Airways, Go Air, Indigo, American Express, etc

18. - Used to transport liquids and gases
ex:- water, petroleum, natural gas, etc
- An uninterrupted flow
- Can laid through difficult terrain and underwater also
- Safe, accident free and environment friendly
- In New NewZealand milk is supplied from farms to factories
- Many oil pipelines exist in the world
ex:- Big Inch ( Gulf of Mexico to NE States )
- Turkmenistan in central Asia has extended pipelines to Iran and to parts of
China
- Longest pipeline in the World:- Proposed India Iran Pipeline

20. Communication( from Latin commūnicāre, meaning "to share”)is the
purposeful activity of information exchange between two or more
participants in order to convey or receive the intended meaning through a
shared system of signs and semiotic rules. The basic steps of
communication are the forming of communicative intent, message
composition, message encoding, transmission of signal, reception of signal,
message decoding and finally interpretation of the message by therecipient.

21. - Emerged since the 1970s after the USA and USSR pioneered space
research.
- Artificial satellites are deployed in the earth’s orbit to connect even the
remote corners of the globe with limited onsite verification.
- Costs of communication remains the same for both 500 KM and 5000 KM.
- Sputnik I was the world’s first satellite launched by USSR in 1957.
- Aryabhatt was the first satellite of India, which was launched in 1975.
- Important space organization:- NASA, ISRO, ESA, CNSA, SPACE X, etc

23. - World of computerized space
- Encompassed by internet such as world wide wed (WWW)
- Exists everywhere
- Started in 1990s
- About 4.54 billion people are currently using the internet
- Majority of world’s users are in China, India, USA, UK, Germany, etc
- E-mail, E-commerce, E- learning , E-governance
- It is these modern communication system, more than transportation, that
has made the concept of global village a reality.

25.  50% share in GDP in 2013-14
 Growth by 9% annually ( 2013-14 )
 Contributing to about a quarter of total employment
annually (26.8%)
 Accounting for a high share in FDI inflows and over
1/3rd of total exports
 7th largest service exporter in India

27.  Tertiary and Quaternary Activities:- NCERT 12 –
Fundamentals of Human Geography
 Transport and Communication:- NCERT 12-
Fundamentals of Human Geography
 Transport and Communication:- NCERT 12- India
People and Economy
 Service Industries and Service Economy:- Anita Kon,
Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Sao Paulo
 Advanced Economic Geography:- Alka Gautam
 Economic and Social Geography:- Rupa Made Simple

28. THANK YOU