1. Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. It involves understanding how individuals perceive the world, act, solve problems, and learn new skills. 2. Data science involves collecting, analyzing, and modeling data to understand phenomena. It uses techniques from statistics and computer science. 3. Artificial intelligence seeks to explain and emulate intelligent behavior computationally. Goals of AI include building human-like robots, intelligent software, and self-driving cars. 4. Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary scientific study of the mind, exploring topics like perception, problem-solving, learning, and decision-making.