This presentation is prepared in Urdu language for easily understanding the role of fertilizer nutrients elements in plants and helpful to all categories of agriculture learners
Biofumigation: A Potential Aspect for Suppression of Plant-Parasitic NematodesIJEABJ
This document discusses biofumigation as a potential method for suppressing plant-parasitic nematodes. It begins by explaining that plant-parasitic nematodes cause large economic losses worldwide and that chemical nematicides are commonly used but have negative environmental impacts. It then describes how biofumigation uses glucosinolate compounds produced by some plants, like mustards, which break down to form volatile isothiocyanates that can suppress nematodes and other soil pathogens. Several factors that influence the biofumigation process and its effectiveness are discussed, including the plant variety used, soil temperature, depth, and microbes. The document concludes by stating that biofumigation shows potential as part of an integrated pest
Coir pith compost is made from coir dust, a byproduct of the coir industry, mixed with organic and inorganic materials. The process involves mixing coir dust with leaves, weeds, cattle dung, fungi culture, rock phosphate, and micronutrients. The mixture is piled in layers and turned regularly over 4 months to mature. Composted coir pith has higher nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and organic carbon than raw coir dust. It improves soil properties when applied as fertilizer and is used in nurseries and around trees. While beneficial, it may not be economical to purchase and immature compost could negatively impact crops.
This document summarizes organic farming and its benefits compared to conventional farming. Key points include:
- Organic foods reduce exposure to pesticides and antibiotic-resistant bacteria while increasing nutrient levels. Studies found organic produce contains significantly lower pesticide residues and an 81% lower risk of pesticide exposure.
- Natural farming is a sustainable method developed in Korea that uses indigenous microorganisms and natural materials instead of chemicals or machines. It aims to not destroy land or resources while producing healthy soil and crops.
- Farming has historically been important to Hawaii's economy and culture, though conventional industrial farming has increased use of GMOs which are controversial. Organic and natural farming offer alternatives.
This document proposes establishing a business to produce and sell mushroom sausages in Sri Lanka. The key points are:
- The business will produce spicy mushroom sausages using local spices as a nutritious alternative not widely available.
- The goals are to meet market demand, expand sales, reduce costs and enter export markets within 6 years.
- It will operate as a sole proprietorship producing mushroom sausages, fresh mushrooms and dried mushrooms.
- Financial projections estimate sales growth from 90,000 units in 2018 to 119,025 units in 2020, with break-even at around 40,000 units.
The document discusses soil fertility management and soil analysis. It explains that soil fertility refers to the amount of plant nutrients in the soil while soil productivity is the soil's ability to produce crops. Various macronutrients, micronutrients, and other beneficial elements are listed. Soil fertility management practices like fertilization and liming are described. Methods of soil analysis including qualitative diagnostic techniques like soil testing and nutrient deficiency symptoms, and quantitative diagnostic techniques like laboratory soil testing are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of organic fertilizers, including their classification and identification. It discusses various types of organic fertilizers such as bulky organic manures (e.g. farm yard manure, compost, green manures), concentrated organic manures (e.g. oilcakes, bone meal), and industrial and human wastes that can be used as fertilizers (e.g. press mud, night soil). For each type, it provides examples and describes how they are produced and their nutrient content. The document also briefly discusses biofertilizers and their advantages in agriculture.
Mulching is a soil and water conservation practice that involves spreading materials over the ground between crop rows or around tree trunks. This helps retain soil moisture, prevents weed growth, and enhances soil structure. There are different types of mulching including organic mulches made from materials like bark and straw, and inorganic mulches like gravel and plastic. Mulching provides several benefits such as reducing evaporation, controlling weeds, preventing soil erosion, and improving soil conditions as mulches decompose. While mulching has advantages, there are also some limitations like keeping the soil too moist in poorly drained areas or encouraging pest problems. In conclusion, mulching is an important practice that can help farmers produce higher quality and quantity of crops while conserving resources
Biofumigation: A Potential Aspect for Suppression of Plant-Parasitic NematodesIJEABJ
This document discusses biofumigation as a potential method for suppressing plant-parasitic nematodes. It begins by explaining that plant-parasitic nematodes cause large economic losses worldwide and that chemical nematicides are commonly used but have negative environmental impacts. It then describes how biofumigation uses glucosinolate compounds produced by some plants, like mustards, which break down to form volatile isothiocyanates that can suppress nematodes and other soil pathogens. Several factors that influence the biofumigation process and its effectiveness are discussed, including the plant variety used, soil temperature, depth, and microbes. The document concludes by stating that biofumigation shows potential as part of an integrated pest
Coir pith compost is made from coir dust, a byproduct of the coir industry, mixed with organic and inorganic materials. The process involves mixing coir dust with leaves, weeds, cattle dung, fungi culture, rock phosphate, and micronutrients. The mixture is piled in layers and turned regularly over 4 months to mature. Composted coir pith has higher nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and organic carbon than raw coir dust. It improves soil properties when applied as fertilizer and is used in nurseries and around trees. While beneficial, it may not be economical to purchase and immature compost could negatively impact crops.
This document summarizes organic farming and its benefits compared to conventional farming. Key points include:
- Organic foods reduce exposure to pesticides and antibiotic-resistant bacteria while increasing nutrient levels. Studies found organic produce contains significantly lower pesticide residues and an 81% lower risk of pesticide exposure.
- Natural farming is a sustainable method developed in Korea that uses indigenous microorganisms and natural materials instead of chemicals or machines. It aims to not destroy land or resources while producing healthy soil and crops.
- Farming has historically been important to Hawaii's economy and culture, though conventional industrial farming has increased use of GMOs which are controversial. Organic and natural farming offer alternatives.
This document proposes establishing a business to produce and sell mushroom sausages in Sri Lanka. The key points are:
- The business will produce spicy mushroom sausages using local spices as a nutritious alternative not widely available.
- The goals are to meet market demand, expand sales, reduce costs and enter export markets within 6 years.
- It will operate as a sole proprietorship producing mushroom sausages, fresh mushrooms and dried mushrooms.
- Financial projections estimate sales growth from 90,000 units in 2018 to 119,025 units in 2020, with break-even at around 40,000 units.
The document discusses soil fertility management and soil analysis. It explains that soil fertility refers to the amount of plant nutrients in the soil while soil productivity is the soil's ability to produce crops. Various macronutrients, micronutrients, and other beneficial elements are listed. Soil fertility management practices like fertilization and liming are described. Methods of soil analysis including qualitative diagnostic techniques like soil testing and nutrient deficiency symptoms, and quantitative diagnostic techniques like laboratory soil testing are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of organic fertilizers, including their classification and identification. It discusses various types of organic fertilizers such as bulky organic manures (e.g. farm yard manure, compost, green manures), concentrated organic manures (e.g. oilcakes, bone meal), and industrial and human wastes that can be used as fertilizers (e.g. press mud, night soil). For each type, it provides examples and describes how they are produced and their nutrient content. The document also briefly discusses biofertilizers and their advantages in agriculture.
Mulching is a soil and water conservation practice that involves spreading materials over the ground between crop rows or around tree trunks. This helps retain soil moisture, prevents weed growth, and enhances soil structure. There are different types of mulching including organic mulches made from materials like bark and straw, and inorganic mulches like gravel and plastic. Mulching provides several benefits such as reducing evaporation, controlling weeds, preventing soil erosion, and improving soil conditions as mulches decompose. While mulching has advantages, there are also some limitations like keeping the soil too moist in poorly drained areas or encouraging pest problems. In conclusion, mulching is an important practice that can help farmers produce higher quality and quantity of crops while conserving resources
Post Harvest Solutions for Cambodia's Rice FarmersEric Stryson
$6,000
$8,000
Field Experts
(3)
Provide technical training and extension services
Monitor crop quality and yields
Support CDO in community outreach
$4,000 each
Dryer/Storage
Operators (7)
Operate and maintain drying and storage facilities
Ensure quality standards are met
$3,000 each
Truck Drivers
(2)
Transport paddy and rice
$2,400 each
Salaries benchmarked against local market rates to attract and retain talent
25
Weed management in maize,sorghum&perl millet plantsMahendra Anjana
This document discusses weed management in C4 plants such as maize, sorghum, and pearl millet. It identifies common weed flora including broad-leaf weeds and grass weeds. Yield losses from weeds can range from 20-30% but vary based on management practices. The critical period for weed control is early crop establishment to early reproductive stages from 30-60 days after sowing. Various weed management techniques are outlined including crop rotation, intercropping, seed treatment, soil preparation, hand weeding, mulching, fertilizer practices, soil solarization, harvesting at maturity, and chemical control options.
The document summarizes the role of various frontline extension systems in India established by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). It discusses programs such as National Demonstrations (1966), Operational Research Projects (1972), Krishi Vigyan Kendras (1974), Lab to Land (1979), Frontline Demonstrations, Technology Assessment and Refinement, National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP), Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA), National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP), and the Horticultural Mission. The primary roles of these programs were to demonstrate new agricultural technologies to farmers, test technologies in farmers' fields, train extension workers and farmers, and disseminate improved practices to increase production and incomes.
This document provides an overview of integrated nutrient management (INM). It begins with introductions and headings submitted by M. Ashok Naik to Dr. P. Kavitha regarding a report on INM. It then defines INM as the optimization of all plant nutrient sources, including organic, inorganic, and biofertilizers, to maintain soil fertility and maximize crop yields. The document discusses the concepts, components, classification, and advantages of INM. It also summarizes different organic manure sources like farm yard manure, compost, vermicompost, and their composition and benefits. Finally, it provides details on brown manuring as a no-till practice for organic matter addition and weed control.
This document summarizes a village survey conducted by students in Lambi Dhab village in Sri Muktsar Sahib district of Punjab. The summary includes:
- Lambi Dhab village was selected for survey and is located 8 km from Sri Muktsar Sahib with a population of 1324 people. The main occupations are agriculture and dairy farming.
- Cropping is based on the seasons with wheat and paddy as primary crops. Students also visited local farms and educational institutions to learn about agriculture.
- In addition to collecting demographic data, the survey covered natural resources, infrastructure, markets and the local economy of the village.
This document summarizes organic agriculture practices in India. It discusses the history and trends of organic farming from pre-green revolution to present day. Key points include India having the second largest area of organic farming globally, various crops grown organically in India, and initiatives by states like Kerala to promote organic farming. Challenges and opportunities for organic agriculture in India are also presented.
Organic farming is not a new concept in India, as Indian farmers traditionally practiced only organic methods before the Green Revolution introduced chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the 1960s. While the Green Revolution initially increased food production and self-sufficiency, overuse of chemicals has led to declining soil fertility, environmental pollution, and other issues. Organic farming aims to maintain soil health through natural techniques like using organic manures and biofertilizers without synthetic inputs. It provides nutritional food while preserving the environment for future generations. India's organic sector has grown in recent decades and the country now exports a variety of organic products.
This document provides an overview of integrated nutrient management (INM). It defines INM as optimizing the benefits from all sources of plant nutrients, including organic, inorganic, and biofertilizers, in an integrated manner to maintain soil health and crop productivity. The key components of an INM system are fertilizers, manures, compost, green manures, crop residues, and biofertilizers. INM is necessary to prevent nutrient depletion and degradation of soil and water quality from overuse of chemical fertilizers alone. The document discusses various organic nutrient sources and their roles in INM.
This document provides an overview of value addition opportunities for mangoes in India. It begins by introducing mango as the king of fruits in India and discusses its cultivation. It then defines value addition as processing raw products to increase value and lists benefits such as reduced losses, employment, and export opportunities. The document proceeds to outline various value addition methods for mangoes like juices, pulps, pickles, chutneys and others. It provides recipes and processing steps for many popular mango products. Finally, it emphasizes the need for awareness, industry linkages and cooperation to effectively implement value addition of mangoes in India.
Here, it is a brief presentation regarding nanofertilizer, in relation to its role in enhancing the use efficiency of concerned nutrient, along with some experimrntal findings. Thank you for ur kind consideration.
Organic farming:A prospect for food, environment and livelihood securityMuhammad Shahbaz
Organic agriculture can help achieve food and nutrition security by: Improving traditional agricultural yields without forcing producers into dependence on synthetic inputs, thus outputs per area of marginal land increase and stabilise thanks to higher resilience
Includes all types of Organic manures and Organic insecticides.
Fully practical based approach.
Result is better. promoting sustainable agriculture and say no to agrochemicals. Less side effect.
Mostly applicable for kitchen gardening.
Easy to prepare. farmers can easily prepare it at their home .
Zero budget approach. Sustain to economy of the farmers. Restore soil fertility. Balance the Ph of soil.
Soil Health and Environmental Management for Sustainable Agricultural Product...ICARDA
This document discusses soil health and sustainable agricultural systems. It provides background on historical climate changes and the development of agriculture. Population growth and increasing demands on agricultural resources are discussed. Challenges facing agriculture like soil degradation, loss of biodiversity, and water scarcity are summarized. The importance of soil organic carbon, crop residues, and no-till practices for soil quality and resilience are highlighted. Sustainable intensification through practices like integrated nutrient management and use of pulse crops are presented as ways to meet future food demand while protecting soils and the environment.
Nutrient Management in organic farming.pptxMunebKhan
The document discusses nutrient management practices in organic farming. It outlines several key practices: crop rotation to replenish soil nutrients; cover cropping and green manures to fix nitrogen; compost and farmyard manure addition to improve soil structure and nutrient content; application of crop residues; and use of biofertilizers to stimulate plant growth. The primary goal of organic agriculture is to optimize soil and plant health without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Nutrient management in organic systems focuses on maintaining soil nutrient levels and biology through these natural practices.
The document discusses a procedure for determining total nitrogen content in a plant material sample. A 0.02N reagent was used and the digested sample was distilled using a KEL PLUS Kjeldhal Nitrogen Analyzer. The result found the total nitrogen content in the plant material to be a certain percentage.
This document discusses the microbiology of soil with a focus on the nitrogen cycle. It introduces soil microbiology and the types of microorganisms found in soil, including bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae, and protozoa. It then discusses the importance of soil microbes and factors that affect soil microbiology, such as soil fertility, moisture, temperature, pH, and aeration. Finally, it provides an overview of the nitrogen cycle, outlining the key processes of nitrogen fixation, nitrification, assimilation, ammonification, and denitrification.
Integrated nutrient management is the balanced use of mineral fertilizers, organic sources, and biological sources to maintain soil productivity and improve nutrient levels. It aims to improve nutrient efficiency while limiting losses to the environment. The four components of integrated nutrient management are soil sources, organic sources like manure, biological sources like inoculants, and mineral fertilizers. An important part of integrated nutrient management is a nutrient management plan that analyzes each field to improve nutrient efficiency for crops.
Vermicomposting :- Vermicomposting is a method of making compost with the use of earthworms which generally live in the soil eat biomass and excrete it is digested form .This compost is generally called vermicompost
Vermiculture :- vermiculture means scientific method of breeding and raising earthworms in controlled condition
Materials required for vermicomposting prepration
Post Harvest Solutions for Cambodia's Rice FarmersEric Stryson
$6,000
$8,000
Field Experts
(3)
Provide technical training and extension services
Monitor crop quality and yields
Support CDO in community outreach
$4,000 each
Dryer/Storage
Operators (7)
Operate and maintain drying and storage facilities
Ensure quality standards are met
$3,000 each
Truck Drivers
(2)
Transport paddy and rice
$2,400 each
Salaries benchmarked against local market rates to attract and retain talent
25
Weed management in maize,sorghum&perl millet plantsMahendra Anjana
This document discusses weed management in C4 plants such as maize, sorghum, and pearl millet. It identifies common weed flora including broad-leaf weeds and grass weeds. Yield losses from weeds can range from 20-30% but vary based on management practices. The critical period for weed control is early crop establishment to early reproductive stages from 30-60 days after sowing. Various weed management techniques are outlined including crop rotation, intercropping, seed treatment, soil preparation, hand weeding, mulching, fertilizer practices, soil solarization, harvesting at maturity, and chemical control options.
The document summarizes the role of various frontline extension systems in India established by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). It discusses programs such as National Demonstrations (1966), Operational Research Projects (1972), Krishi Vigyan Kendras (1974), Lab to Land (1979), Frontline Demonstrations, Technology Assessment and Refinement, National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP), Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA), National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP), and the Horticultural Mission. The primary roles of these programs were to demonstrate new agricultural technologies to farmers, test technologies in farmers' fields, train extension workers and farmers, and disseminate improved practices to increase production and incomes.
This document provides an overview of integrated nutrient management (INM). It begins with introductions and headings submitted by M. Ashok Naik to Dr. P. Kavitha regarding a report on INM. It then defines INM as the optimization of all plant nutrient sources, including organic, inorganic, and biofertilizers, to maintain soil fertility and maximize crop yields. The document discusses the concepts, components, classification, and advantages of INM. It also summarizes different organic manure sources like farm yard manure, compost, vermicompost, and their composition and benefits. Finally, it provides details on brown manuring as a no-till practice for organic matter addition and weed control.
This document summarizes a village survey conducted by students in Lambi Dhab village in Sri Muktsar Sahib district of Punjab. The summary includes:
- Lambi Dhab village was selected for survey and is located 8 km from Sri Muktsar Sahib with a population of 1324 people. The main occupations are agriculture and dairy farming.
- Cropping is based on the seasons with wheat and paddy as primary crops. Students also visited local farms and educational institutions to learn about agriculture.
- In addition to collecting demographic data, the survey covered natural resources, infrastructure, markets and the local economy of the village.
This document summarizes organic agriculture practices in India. It discusses the history and trends of organic farming from pre-green revolution to present day. Key points include India having the second largest area of organic farming globally, various crops grown organically in India, and initiatives by states like Kerala to promote organic farming. Challenges and opportunities for organic agriculture in India are also presented.
Organic farming is not a new concept in India, as Indian farmers traditionally practiced only organic methods before the Green Revolution introduced chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the 1960s. While the Green Revolution initially increased food production and self-sufficiency, overuse of chemicals has led to declining soil fertility, environmental pollution, and other issues. Organic farming aims to maintain soil health through natural techniques like using organic manures and biofertilizers without synthetic inputs. It provides nutritional food while preserving the environment for future generations. India's organic sector has grown in recent decades and the country now exports a variety of organic products.
This document provides an overview of integrated nutrient management (INM). It defines INM as optimizing the benefits from all sources of plant nutrients, including organic, inorganic, and biofertilizers, in an integrated manner to maintain soil health and crop productivity. The key components of an INM system are fertilizers, manures, compost, green manures, crop residues, and biofertilizers. INM is necessary to prevent nutrient depletion and degradation of soil and water quality from overuse of chemical fertilizers alone. The document discusses various organic nutrient sources and their roles in INM.
This document provides an overview of value addition opportunities for mangoes in India. It begins by introducing mango as the king of fruits in India and discusses its cultivation. It then defines value addition as processing raw products to increase value and lists benefits such as reduced losses, employment, and export opportunities. The document proceeds to outline various value addition methods for mangoes like juices, pulps, pickles, chutneys and others. It provides recipes and processing steps for many popular mango products. Finally, it emphasizes the need for awareness, industry linkages and cooperation to effectively implement value addition of mangoes in India.
Here, it is a brief presentation regarding nanofertilizer, in relation to its role in enhancing the use efficiency of concerned nutrient, along with some experimrntal findings. Thank you for ur kind consideration.
Organic farming:A prospect for food, environment and livelihood securityMuhammad Shahbaz
Organic agriculture can help achieve food and nutrition security by: Improving traditional agricultural yields without forcing producers into dependence on synthetic inputs, thus outputs per area of marginal land increase and stabilise thanks to higher resilience
Includes all types of Organic manures and Organic insecticides.
Fully practical based approach.
Result is better. promoting sustainable agriculture and say no to agrochemicals. Less side effect.
Mostly applicable for kitchen gardening.
Easy to prepare. farmers can easily prepare it at their home .
Zero budget approach. Sustain to economy of the farmers. Restore soil fertility. Balance the Ph of soil.
Soil Health and Environmental Management for Sustainable Agricultural Product...ICARDA
This document discusses soil health and sustainable agricultural systems. It provides background on historical climate changes and the development of agriculture. Population growth and increasing demands on agricultural resources are discussed. Challenges facing agriculture like soil degradation, loss of biodiversity, and water scarcity are summarized. The importance of soil organic carbon, crop residues, and no-till practices for soil quality and resilience are highlighted. Sustainable intensification through practices like integrated nutrient management and use of pulse crops are presented as ways to meet future food demand while protecting soils and the environment.
Nutrient Management in organic farming.pptxMunebKhan
The document discusses nutrient management practices in organic farming. It outlines several key practices: crop rotation to replenish soil nutrients; cover cropping and green manures to fix nitrogen; compost and farmyard manure addition to improve soil structure and nutrient content; application of crop residues; and use of biofertilizers to stimulate plant growth. The primary goal of organic agriculture is to optimize soil and plant health without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Nutrient management in organic systems focuses on maintaining soil nutrient levels and biology through these natural practices.
The document discusses a procedure for determining total nitrogen content in a plant material sample. A 0.02N reagent was used and the digested sample was distilled using a KEL PLUS Kjeldhal Nitrogen Analyzer. The result found the total nitrogen content in the plant material to be a certain percentage.
This document discusses the microbiology of soil with a focus on the nitrogen cycle. It introduces soil microbiology and the types of microorganisms found in soil, including bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae, and protozoa. It then discusses the importance of soil microbes and factors that affect soil microbiology, such as soil fertility, moisture, temperature, pH, and aeration. Finally, it provides an overview of the nitrogen cycle, outlining the key processes of nitrogen fixation, nitrification, assimilation, ammonification, and denitrification.
Integrated nutrient management is the balanced use of mineral fertilizers, organic sources, and biological sources to maintain soil productivity and improve nutrient levels. It aims to improve nutrient efficiency while limiting losses to the environment. The four components of integrated nutrient management are soil sources, organic sources like manure, biological sources like inoculants, and mineral fertilizers. An important part of integrated nutrient management is a nutrient management plan that analyzes each field to improve nutrient efficiency for crops.
Vermicomposting :- Vermicomposting is a method of making compost with the use of earthworms which generally live in the soil eat biomass and excrete it is digested form .This compost is generally called vermicompost
Vermiculture :- vermiculture means scientific method of breeding and raising earthworms in controlled condition
Materials required for vermicomposting prepration
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1