This document discusses the role of architecture in building industries. It begins with a brief history of architecture from ancient structures like the Great Pyramid of Giza and Great Wall of China. It then introduces Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi, the notable Indian architect considered a pioneer of modern architecture in India. The document outlines the key roles and responsibilities of architects, which include conceptual design, technical drawings, cost estimation, and oversight during construction. It also describes several working principles of architecture like contrast, balance, emphasis, and repetition that architects employ in their designs.

1. BCME(BASICS OF CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGG.)
TOPIC:- ROLE OF
ARCHITECTURE IN
BUILDING INDUSTRIES

2. Group members:- FY=03(UDICT)
Mayur Nage (2206109)
Aadesh Jogdand(2206130)
Sahil Jadhav(2206138)
Atharv Tawar (2206101)
Pruthviraj Bhingare(2205022)

3. History of Architecture
 The history of architecture traces the changes in architecture through
various traditions, regions, overarching stylistic trends, and dates. The
beginnings of all these traditions is thought to be humans satisfying
the very basic need of shelter and protection. The term "architecture"
generally refers to buildings, but in its essence is much broader,
including fields we now consider specialized forms of practice, such
as urbanism, civil engineering, naval, military, and landscape
architecture.
 Trends in architecture were influenced, among other factors, by
technological innovations, particularly in the 19th, 20th and 21st
centuries. The improvement and use of steel, cast iron, tile, reinforced
concrete, and glass helped for example Art Nouveau appear and made
Beaux Arts more grandiose

4.  Architectural advances are an important part of the Neolithic period
(10,000-2000 BC), during which some of the major innovations of
human history occurred. The domestication of plants and animals, for
example, led to both new economics and a new relationship between
people and the world, an increase in community size and permanence, a
massive development of material culture and new social and ritual
solutions to enable people to live together in these communities.
 New styles of individual structures and their combination into
settlements provided the buildings required for the new lifestyle and
economy, and were also an essential element of change.
 Although many dwellings belonging to all prehistoric periods and also
some clay models of dwellings have been uncovered enabling the
creation of faithful reconstructions, they seldom included elements that
may relate them to art.

5. The Great Pyramid of Giza
Constructed : 2570 BC (4th dynasty)
The Great Wall of China
Constructed : Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)

6. Inventor of Indian Architecture
 Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi OAL (born 26 August 1927) is an Indian
architect. He is considered to be an important figure of Indian architecture and
noted for his contributions to the evolution of architectural discourse in India.
Having worked under Le Corbusier and Louis Kahn, he is a pioneer of
modernist and brutalist architecture in India.
 His more noteworthy designs include the IIM Bangalore, IIM Udaipur, NIFT
Delhi, Amdavad ni Gufa, CEPT University, and the Aranya Low Cost
Housing development in Indore which was awarded the Aga Khan Award for
Architecture.
 In 2018, he became the first Indian architect to receive the Pritzker
Architecture Prize, which is considered one of the most prestigious prizes in
architecture. He has also been awarded the Padma Shri and the Padma
Bhushan. He has been awarded the Royal Institute of British Architects' Royal
Gold Medal for 2022.

7.  Doshi was born in Pune. At the age of 11, he was injured in a fire accident,
and has walked with a slight limp ever since. He studied at the Sir J. J.
School of Art in Mumbai between 1947 and 1950.
 In 1950, he went to Europe. He worked closely with Le Corbusier on the
latter's projects in Paris between 1951 and 1954. In 1954, he returned to
India to supervise Corbusier's buildings in Ahmedabad, which included the
Villa Sarabhai, Villa Shodhan, Mill Owners' Association Building, and
Sanskar Kendra. Corbusier is described as a major influence on Doshi's
later work.
Doshi with Le Corbusier at the
unfinished Shodhan House,
c. 1955

8. Some Photos of Balkrishna
Vithaldas Doshi

9. Introduction to the Topic
So What is the introduction of Architecture?
 Architecture is defined as the art and science of designing buildings and
structures. A wider definition would include within this scope the design of
any built environment, structure or object, from town planning, urban design,
and landscape architecture to furniture and objects.
 Architect is a person hired by the client to design a facility as per the ideas
and requirements specified by the client. The world is a canvas for architects.
They have the power to turn blueprints into real-life buildings. They develop
designs that are more creative in aesthetics to satisfy the client. The design
evolved by the architects has to satisfy the building laws and the state
regulations too. Thus Architects play a crucial role in construction as they’re
liable for the visual appearance of the buildings and structures before final
structural design.

10.  What are the Roles and Responsibilities of an Architect in Building Construction?
 India’s extensive urbanization has transformed the landscape of the country.
There has been a rapid expansion in the construction activity in the form of
housing, commercial spaces, seaports, roads, and much more. The Union
government has planned to put lots of money into the infrastructure sector by
2024, which may swamp the market with tons of architecture job opportunities.
Hence, the roles and responsibilities of an architect are going to be enhanced
repeatedly within the coming years.
 Once a client approaches an architect, initially, a meeting is conducted to discuss
the needs and requirements of that project. Several meetings are conducted until
both parties are satisfied with the conceptual design.
 Architects pour in both artistic and functional minds for the design of structures.
They also contribute to improving energy efficiency, by designing sustainable
buildings that maximize natural lighting and ventilation, while reducing the heating
and cooling loads. Thus they have several responsibilities during various stages of
the project.

11.  The work carried out by an architect has to be properly organized in the forms of
records, of different contracts, project details, cost, and budget details, the time
limit, and the daily progress report. Substantially, the architects have to work with
the civil or structural engineers for discussing the technical issues that might arise
during the design implementation.
 A construction project has enormous design drawings that need to be prepared
before the design execution on site. Initially, the sketch designs are prepared
which will show the building location giving an idea about the layout of different
spaces within the site. The different drawings an architect can render includes
floor plans, site plan, elevations, structural drawings, 3D models and 3D views.
Many revisions take place to incorporate changes as per the client’s needs, budget
and regulations.
 The ultimate blueprints guide the builders to deliver the desired structure. This
also includes plans for structural, mechanical, and electrical systems. Other
technical documents that must be created along with these plans are design
instructions and technical specifications for contractors. Following the ultimate
design drawings, comes the contract proposal, which allows for cost estimates
and the timescale of the project.

12.  Cost estimation at different stages of the project helps to gain better control over
the budget. Architects visualize the entire building, bringing together creative
ideas and designs to the construction industry. But these also require a structural
design and MEP installations. Architects and engineers must be careful with cost
estimations. They shouldn’t underestimate the material costs and construction
timeline as this helps to achieve effective cost estimations.
 Cost estimation at different stages of the project helps to gain better control over
the budget. Architects visualize the entire building, bringing together creative
ideas and designs to the construction industry. But these also require a structural
design and MEP installations. Architects and engineers must be careful with cost
estimations. They shouldn’t underestimate the material costs and construction
timeline as this helps to achieve effective cost estimations.
 Architects also help during the contract negotiation phase. They may suggest
different contractors for different activities. Once all tenders are received, the
architect carries out an analysis based on all the tender reports. The analysis
results are compared with the client’s.

13. Working Principle of Architecture
1. Contrast
2. Balance
3. Emphasis
4. Proportion
5. Hierarchy
6. Repetition
7. Rhythm

14. Contrast
 Most of us are knowledgeable of this term, especially those who deal with
colors and photography. For those who do not know what contrast is,
explaining it is quite simple. In a design, if there is more than one element,
sometimes the elements pop more, and sometimes the colors and elements do
not stand out from each other.
 The adjacent elements or complexions, and hues have a difference and that
stands out. In easy words, contrast is the principle that makes a design with
different elements put together and each of the elements has its presence.
 Contrast means variation. Variation is considered an element of design. So
contrast is also considered an elementary principle of design. The contrast
gives extra attention to a particular part of the design. It emphasizes a specific
part of the rest of the design.
 Contrast can prevail in numerous varieties. The contrast of texture is a method
that draws attention to a particular point or place of a design by the texture.
The contrast of color and shape also makes someone look at a particular point
of a design

15. Balance
 There is a term called visual weight. Visual weight is the property that gives elements
in a design an ability to draw attention. If an element has a light visual weight that
means that the element is unlikely to catch the attention or draw the eye of someone.
Whereas if an element has a high visual weight that means that this element has the
probability of drawing eyes towards it. In a design, all the elements with light and
high visual weight are put together in a way that the looker gets a sense of balance. It
is called the principle of balance.
 For visual stability, it is a matter that must need to be prioritized in making a design.
For this visual stability opposite forces are put together in such a composition that
gives it the stability or balance.
 Balance is an interesting property. If you have a rod and you want to keep in its
equilibrium that it does not fall on any side then you need to balance it right in the
middle. If a small weight is put on one side of the rod and another side a bigger
weight is put then it will not balance in the middle. In other words, a small object at
the edge will be balanced by a large object near the middle. This is the principle of
balance. Visual balance works just the same as physical balance.

16. Emphasis
 The term emphasis indicates highlighting a particular part of something.
It is giving priority to an important part over the other parts. This is
applied as a principle of design. It is a way in which attention is brought
to what is exactly the most important in the design.
 Visual hierarchy is a method in which the elements are arranged or
organized by their significance or priority. That means the most important
component will be placed in such a way that it gets the most attention and
just like that the least important element will be put in a way that it gets
the least amount of attention.
 There are many processes of emphasizing. Some of these are making it
bold and bright, adding special visual effects, changing colors, etc.

17. Proportion
 Understanding this principle is very easy. This principle of design, and
proportion, motion the importance of an element. It indicates which
materials or elements are most important in a design and which elements
are not important.
 Proportion is the comparison of height, length, breadth, or simply put
size. Elements with bigger sizes are more valuable than elements with
tinier sizes

18. Hierarchy
 Hierarchy is a crucial component of design. Hierarchy relates to the
means of processing subjects by utilizing a website portal. Hierarchy
indicates the significance of components within a design. It means
arranging the most important element as the most important element.
 For example, while preparing a list of the most prioritized things the list
is made by using the hierarchy method. The list is sorted in such a way
that the most important things appear at the beginning and the least
important things appear at the end.

19. Repetition
 To reinforce an idea in a design it is a great principle to follow the
repetition. If a lot of different elements are to be brought together and
make a unified design this method needs to be followed. You can arrange
a lot of different elements together through this method.
 There are many ways to apply the repetition principle in a design. Some
of these ways are such as repeating shapes, and colors. Repeating
typefaces is also a well-preferred way to apply the repetition principle in
a design.
 But while doing repetition one should pay attention to not overdoing the
process. It will ruin the design.

20. Rhythm
 For offering a sense of reiterating visuals to the viewer sometimes
intentionally there are variations made in the design. These intentionally
made variations between elements are called rhythm.
 The carved space between elements that are repeated causes a rhythm to
construct. In music, the gap or space between two different notes creates
a rhythm. In architecture, this applies also.
 There are many types of rhythm in architecture. These follow as regular,
alternating, random, progressive, and flowing. Random rhythm is a type
of rhythm that has no specific pattern. In regular rhythm, components
follow the same pattern.

21. Different types of Architecture
 There are 3 main types of Architecture.
1. Environmental Design.
2. Interior Architecture.
3. Landscape Architecture.

22. 1. Environmental design
 Sustainable architecture is also referred to
as green architecture or environmental
architecture. It challenges architects to
produce smart designs and use available
technologies to ensure that structures generate
minimal harmful effects to the ecosystem and
the communities.
 Imagine that there is a plot of land that you
think is conveniently located for you to build
your house. The problem, however, is that
there are 100 trees planted on it and that these
trees are the last of their kind.
If you are not from the construction world, it

23. 2. Interior Architecture
 Interior architecture is the design of a
building or shelter from inside out, or the
design of a new interior for a type of home
that can be fixed.
 It can refer to the initial design and plan used
for a building's interior, to that interior's later
redesign made to accommodate a changed
purpose, or to the significant revision of an
original design for the adaptive reuse of the
shell of the building concerned.
 Generally referred to as the spatial art of
environmental design, interior architecture
also refers to the process by which the

24. 3. Landscape Architecture
Landscape Architecture, the development
and decorative planting of gardens, yards,
grounds, parks, and other planned green
outdoor spaces.
Landscape gardening is used to enhance
nature and to create a natural setting for
buildings, towns, and cities.
It is one of the decorative arts and is allied to
architecture, city planning, and horticulture.
Landscape architects begin with the natural
terrain and enhance, re-create, or alter existing
landforms. “Garden” generally connotes a
smaller, more intensively cultivated area,

25. Pros and Cons of an Architect
PROS CONS
Impactful Study Educational Requirement
Use of Creativity Lengthy Career Path
Respected Profession Long hours working
Diverse Job Responsibilities High Pressure Work
Salary Limited Growth
Learn a lot about Design Responsibility can cause anxiety
Won’t get bored Go through a lot of training

26. Application of Architecture

27.  An application architecture describes the patterns and techniques used to
design and build an application. The architecture gives you a roadmap
and best practices to follow when building an application, so that you end
up with a well-structured app.
 Software design patterns can help you to build an application. A pattern
describes a repeatable solution to a problem.
 Patterns can be linked together to create more generic application
architectures. Instead of completely creating the architecture yourself,
you can use existing design patterns, which also ensure that things will
work the way they’re supposed to.
 As part of an application architecture, there will be both front-end and
back-end services. Front-end development is concerned with the user
experience of the app, while back-end development focuses on providing
access to the data, services, and other existing systems that make the app
work.

28. Case Study of Architecture
By systematically investigating and Analyzing in – depth data and
information relating to a single building, individual, Process, group and so
on, A case study allows particular aspects to be consider in detail and
lessons learned disseminated for the benefit of similar projects or
Programmes.
There’s always the option of one, winging it or two, learning from what
other projects i.e the ones involving practically starting a herb garden on a
balcony, have entailed.
Successful or not. May be through asking for tips from your neighbor,
YouTube, Google, attending agricultural conventions e.t.c. To a degree, this
is carrying out a case study.