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Rock Forming Minerals Earth and Life Science.pptx
- 1. EARTH & LIFESCIENCE: ROCK FORMING MINERALS
- 2. At the ofthe lesson, I would be able to identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties. LESSON OBJECTIVES:
- 3. MINERALS... a naturally occurring inorganicelement or compound having an; • orderly internal structure and characteristic chemical composition • crystal form • physical properties.
- 4. MINERALS... • are usedto produce products that we generally use every day • provide metals that help us make the essential things such as cars, aircraft, jewelry, and coins
- 5. MINERALS... Common minerals include: •quartz • feldspar • mica • amphibole • olivine • calcite.
- 6. ROCKS... • rock isan aggregate of one or more minerals, or a body of undifferentiated mineral matter.
- 7. ROCKS... Common rocks include: •granite • basalt • limestone • sandstone.
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- 9. MECHANICS: • The classis divided into 6 groups. • Each group will be given a set of words that are scrambled. • The group will arranged the scrambled letter word in the shortest amount of time.
- 10. MECHANICS: • Each correctword is worth 5 points • The group who completes the word in the shortest time and with the most correct answer wins.
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- 12. MINERALS... • the buildingblocks of rocks • naturally–shaped • generally inorganic • crystalline strong composed of an ordered array of atoms and having a particular arrangement.
- 13. MINERALS... • have PHYSICALand CHEMICAL properties.
- 14. THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OFMINERALS
- 15. THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIESOF MINERALS: • physical properties of minerals include name, crystal system, color as it appears to the naked eye, streak by rubbing on streak plate, luster, hardness on the Mohs scale, and average specific gravity.
- 16. A. LUSTER • isthe way light interacts with the surface of a crystal, rock, or mineral. • the word traces its origins back to the Latin lux, meaning "light", and generally implies radiance, gloss, or brilliance.
- 17. A. LUSTER commonly usedto describe mineral luster: • metallic • submetallic • nonmetallic • vitreous • dull • greasy • pearly • resinous • silky • waxy • adamantine.
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- 20. B. HARDNESS • refersto the minerals’resistance to being scratched, the harder ones are difficult to scratch; the softer ones are less resistant to scratches.
- 21. B. HARDNESS • Mohshardness, rough measure of the resistance of a smooth surface to scratching or abrasion, expressed in terms of a scale devised (1812) by the German mineralogist Friedrich Mohs.
- 22. B. HARDNESS • Mohshardness of a mineral is determined by observing whether its surface is scratched by a substance of known or defined hardness.
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- 24. C. COLOR • Mineralsare colored because certain wave lengths of light are absorbed, and the color results from a combination of those wave lengths that reach the eye.
- 25. C. COLOR • Mineralsare colored because certain wave lengths of light are absorbed, and the color results from a combination of those wave lengths that reach the eye.
- 26. C. COLOR Major factorsresponsible for the production of color in minerals fall into five categories: 1. The presence of an element essential to the mineral composition
- 27. C. COLOR Major factorsresponsible for the production of color in minerals fall into five categories: 2. The presence of a minor chemical impurity
- 28. C. COLOR Major factorsresponsible for the production of color in minerals fall into five categories: 3. Physical defects in the crystal structure
- 29. C. COLOR Major factorsresponsible for the production of color in minerals fall into five categories: 4. The mechanical mixture of very fine impurities
- 30. C. COLOR Major factorsresponsible for the production of color in minerals fall into five categories: 5. The presence of finely- spaced structures in the mineral
- 31. C. COLOR • Itis therefore NOT advisable to rely on color alone to identify a mineral.
- 32. D. STREAK • isthe color of a mineral's powder. • the color of the mark it leaves behind after being rubbed against a piece of unglazed porcelain
- 33. D. STREAK • streakcan be used only for minerals with a Mohs hardness of 7 or less
- 34. D. STREAK • Streakis a more reliable property than color because streak does not vary.
- 35. E. CLEAVAGE • theproperty of a mineral that allows it to break smoothly along specific internal planes (called cleavage planes) when the mineral is struck sharply with a hammer.
- 36. E. CLEAVAGE • Itis described by the number of planes exhibited and the angles at which they meet.
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- 38. E. CLEAVAGE • Fractureis the property of a mineral breaking in a more or less random pattern with no smooth planar surfaces.
- 39. THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OFMINERALS
- 40. THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIESOF MINERALS: • chemical properties of minerals depend on their chemical formula and crystal structure. Solubility and melting point are chemical properties commonly used to describe a mineral.
- 41. A. ELEMENTS • Occursin nature in an uncombined state. Example: • sulfur • graphite • gold
- 42. B. SULFIDES • Combinationsof various metallic elements with sulfur. Example: • Pyrite (iron sulfide, FeS2)
- 43. C. OXIDES • Metalelement in combination with oxygen. Example: • Hematite and Magnetite • Chromite • Manganite
- 44. D. HALIDES • anyof a group of naturally occurring inorganic ompounds that are salts of the halogen acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid).
- 45. D. HALIDES Example: • halite(rock salt) • fluorite.
- 46. E. SILICATES • Largestgroup of minerals. Contain various elements in combination with silicon and oxygen.
- 47. E. SILICATES • bout95% of the earth's crust is composed of silicate minerals, aluminosilicate clays or silica.
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- 50. QUIZ BOWL! • ASERIES OF MULTIPLE CHOICES QUESTIONS. • EACH CORRECT ANSWER IS WORTH 5 POINTS • THE TEAM WITH THE MOST POINTS WIN. • THE GROUP/S WITH THE LOWEST SCORES WILL A CONSEQUENCE AFTER THE CLASS.
- 51. QUIZ BOWL! • TOANSWER, EACH GROUP WILL SELECT A REPRESENTATIVE TO ANSWER EACH QUESTION. • EVERY QUESTION SHOULD HAVE A DIFFERENT GROUP REPRESENTATIVE. • AFTER EVERY GROUP MEMBER IS ABLE TO ANSWER, ONLY THEN A MEMBER CAN REPEAT BEING A REPRESENTATIVE.
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- 53. Question 1: Which ofthe following is NOT a physical property of minerals? a) Color b) Hardness c) Luster d) Reactivity
- 54. Question 2: Which mineralproperty describes the way light reflects off the surface of a mineral? a) Cleavage b) Streak c) Luster d) Fracture
- 55. Question 3: Which mineralproperty refers to the color of a mineral when it is powdered? a) Cleavage b) Streak c) Luster d) Fracture
- 56. Question 4: Which ofthe following minerals has a hardness of 10 on the Mohs scale? a) Quartz b) Talc c) Calcite d) Diamond
- 57. Question 5: Which mineralproperty refers to the way a mineral breaks when it is not along a cleavage plane? a) Cleavage b) Streak c) Luster d) Fracture
- 58. Question 6: Which mineralproperty refers to the tendency of a mineral to break along flat, even surfaces? a) Cleavage b) Streak c) Luster d) Fracture
- 59. Question 7: Which ofthe following minerals has a metallic luster? a) Quartz b) Feldspar c) Galena d) Gypsum
- 60. Question 8: Which mineralproperty refers to the resistance of a mineral to being scratched? a) Cleavage b) Streak c) Luster d) Hardness
- 61. Question 9: Which ofthe following minerals has a white streak? a) Hematite b) Magnetite c) Calcite d) Talc
- 62. Question 10: Which mineralproperty refers to the way a mineral breaks along smooth, flat surfaces? a) Cleavage b) Streak c) Luster d) Fracture
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- 64. ROCK FORMING MINERALS • anymineral that forms igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks and that typically, or solely, forms as an intimate part of rock- making processes.
- 65. ROCK FORMING MINERALS rock-forming minerals are: •feldspars • quartz • amphiboles • micas • olivine • garnet • calcite • pyroxenes.
- 66. A. QUARTZ • ismade of the two most abundant chemical elements on Earth: oxygen and silicon.
- 67. A. QUARTZ • PHYSICALPROPERTY: • Mohs hardness of 7 • clear and transparent (pure) • CHEMICAL PROPERTY • Atoms of oxygen and silicon join together as tetrahedrons (three sided pyramids).
- 68. A. QUARTZ • USES: •Concrete • paint • adhesives • watches and clocks • kitchen countertops • electronics in radios, GPS and computers • toothpaste
- 69. B. FELDSPAR • groupof naturally occurring alumino-silicate minerals containing varying amounts of potassium, sodium, calcium, and/or lithium. • the most abundant group of minerals in the Earth's crust, making up about 50% of all rocks
- 70. B. FELDSPAR • PHYSICALPROPERTY: • Mohs hardness of 6 • glassy luster • rectangular crystals that break • along flat faces • usually white, have shades of • red and green
- 71. B. FELDSPAR • CHEMICALPROPERTY • Silicate (contains silicon, and oxygen with some aluminum, magnesium, iron and calcium
- 72. B. FELDSPAR • USES •Glassmaking • Ceramic tiles
- 73. C. PYROXENE • mostsignificant and abundant group of rock-forming ferromagnesium silicates • Augite is the most common of this group • found in almost every variety of igneous rock • form under conditions of regional and contact metamorphism
- 74. C. PYROXENE • PHYSICALPROPERTY: • Mohs hardness ranging from 5 to 6 (harder than glass) • glassy luster with streaks of white, light green, or light brown
- 75. C. PYROXENE • CHEMICALPROPERTY • Silicate (contains silicon, and oxygen with some aluminum, magnesium, iron and calcium
- 76. C. PYROXENE • USES •source of lithium • used in heat-resistant ceramics • medication • batteries • gemstones
- 77. D. AMPHIBOLE • mineralsof either igneous or metamorphic origin • common in intermediate to felsic igneous rocks than in mafic igneous rocks, because the higher silica and dissolved water content
- 78. D. AMPHIBOLE • PHYSICALPROPERTY: • Mohs hardness ranging from 5 to 6 • glassy luster and an opaque characteristic • very long and very thin
- 79. D. AMPHIBOLE • CHEMICALPROPERTY • Silicate (contains silicon, and oxygen with some aluminum, magnesium, iron and calcium
- 80. D. AMPHIBOLE • USES •construction • paving • facing of buildings
- 81. E. OLIVINE • Magnesium-richolivines are abundant in low-silica mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks and are believed to be the most abundant constituent of the Earth's upper mantle.
- 82. E. OLIVINE • alsooccurs in high-temperature metamorphic rocks, lunar basalts, and some meteorites.
- 83. E. OLIVINE • PHYSICALPROPERTY: • Mohs hardness ranging from 6 to 7.5 • glassy looking and transparent • granular shape
- 84. E. OLIVINE • CHEMICALPROPERTY • Magnesium-iron silicate
- 85. E. OLIVINE • USES •refractories, • gems (peridot)
- 86. F. MICA • amineral name given to a group of minerals that are physically and chemically similar • are fairly light and relatively soft, and the sheets and flakes of mica are flexible.
- 87. F. MICA • PHYSICALPROPERTY: • Mohs hardness ranging from 2 to 2.5 • Clear, black • shiny and glittery • easily identified by its perfect cleavage
- 88. F. MICA • CHEMICALPROPERTY • Hydrous potassium aluminum silicate
- 89. F. MICA • USES •pigment extender in paints and electrical insulators • cosmetics and food to add shimmer or frost
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- 91. BE A GEOLOGIST! •DOWNLOAD THE FOLLOWING APPLICATION BELOW: • ROCK IDENTIFIER • ROAST MY ROCK IDENTIFIER • GO AROUND THE CAMPUS • LOOK AND RESEARCH FOR AT LEAST 6 ROCKS THAT CONTAINS THE DIFFERENT ROCK-FORMING MINERALS
- 92. BE A GEOLOGIST! •PASTE IT IN A 1/8 ILLUSTRATION BOARD • IDENTIFY EACH ROCK INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING: • PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (LUSTER, STREAK, HARDNESS, CLEAVAGE, & COLOR) • CHEMICAL PROPERTIES (WHAT IS THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE ROCK) • USES
- 93. BE A GEOLOGIST! •PRESENT YOUR FINDINGS IN THE CLASS! • THE GROUP WITH THE MOST UNIQUE ROCKS AND PRESENTATION WILL GET A HIGH SCORE ON THIS ACTIVITY.