Standard+case
A universal model for
   service response

     Rob england
Standard+Case
A universal model for service response




                                         v3
Standard+Case




•   Clarifying and expanding the theory
•   Improving performance
•   Empowering knowledge workers
•   Improving morale
•   Empowering the customer
Generic “response” process
Standard Models

    •   Request
    •   Incident
    •   Problem
    •   Change
Case
Management

             •   medical
             •   crime
             •   legal
             •   social work
             •   audits
             •   emergency responses
             •   military attacks
Case
Management
•   a series of execution states
 Case        •   states are determined dynamically
Management   •   external events can change the state.
             •   options for action at each state
             •   actions are chosen dynamically
             •   Inputs and outputs decided
                 dynamically
             •   resources chosen dynamically
                  o templates, checklists, content,
                     policy, procedures, tools,
                     people...
             •   states and actions are unpredictable
             •   goals will change as the case
                 develops
             •   planning is part of execution
Standard+Case



         Standard models
                +
        Case Management
                =
       Standard+Case Model
Standard+Case



there's either a standard model or there isn't

                  Standard




                    Case
If (XXXXXXXXXXXXXX)
     XXXXXX
Else if (XXXXXXXXXXXXXX)
     XXXXXX
Else if (XXXXXXXXXXXXXX)
     XXXXXX
Else if (XXXXXXXXXXXXXX)
     XXXXXX
Else if (XXXXXXXXXXXXXX)
     XXXXXX
Else
     :Yikes!
     Call ExceptionRoutine
            (“I don’t know what to do”)
End if
The Cynefin model

     complex               complicated
      exploratory           exploitative
      unknown               knowable
                             unfamiliar

                disorder
    chaotic                 simple
   unknowable               known
The Cynefin model
                    thinking
      complex                  complicated
      probe                     sense
      sense                     analyse
      respond                   respond
                 disorder
    chaotic                     simple
      act                      sense
      sense                    categorise
      respond                  respond
                action
The Cynefin model
              collaboration
      complex              complicated




                disorder
    chaotic                simple




               command
The Cynefin model

      complex               complicated
                  Case
      unknown                unfamiliar

                disorder
    chaotic                  simple

                           Standard
Standard                                     Case
•   Routine                                  •   Unique
•   Predictable, repeatable                  •   Non-repeated, unpredictable
•   Pre-planned by designers                 •   Emergent: plan and workflow
•   Performed by trained process workers         unfold as the case goes along
•   Revolves around a procedural             •   Performed by knowledge workers
    sequence of steps; and transfer          •   Revolves around knowledge and
    between people/groups                        information about the case; and
•   Controlled by the process designer and       collaboration between
    owner                                        people/groups
•   Can (and should) be process-modelled     •   Controlled by the participants
•   Defined and pre-documented               •   Cannot be process-modelled
•   Candidates for automation                •   Documented as the case proceeds
•   Candidates for analysis and              •   Cannot be automated
    optimisation using statistics and        •   Can analyse and optimise by
    observation                                  reviewing on a case-by-case basis
•   Fragile in unknown exception             •   Robust in the face of unknown
    conditions                                   exception conditions
People
•   Collaboration
•   Empowerment
•   Skills
•   Motivation
Gamification
•   Rank the Standard models by difficulty/risk
•   Give SD analysts training in each model
•   Give staff a badge for being certified
•   Some models we prefer they be executed by
    a certified staff member, some models the
    staff member must be certified
•   Only Case-certified staff members ("leveled
    up") deal with non-standard tickets
             -> empowered knowledge workers
Practices / Process
•   Emergent
•   Diversity
•   Knowledge-centric
•   Policy and controls
•   Review

•   KCS: Knowledge Centred Support
•   Kanban
•   Root Cause Analysis: Kepner-Tregoe,
    Ishikawa...
Process
Process
Improvement
Things / Technology
•   Resources
•   Ticketing
•   Workflow
•   Checklists www.basicsm.com/checklists
Tools
•   Knowledge management
•   Content management
•   Collaboration and communication
•   Ticketing
Standard+Case




•   Clarifying and expanding the theory
•   Improving performance
•   Empowering knowledge workers
•   Improving morale
•   Empowering the customer
Standard+Case




S+C applies to anything that requires a human
  response:
there's either a standard response or there isn't

       www.itskeptic.org/standard-case
WITH THANKS TO OUR SPONSOR
   bmc remedyforce

     #TFT returns june 2013

#TFT12: Rob England

  • 1.
    Standard+case A universal modelfor service response Rob england
  • 2.
    Standard+Case A universal modelfor service response v3
  • 3.
    Standard+Case • Clarifying and expanding the theory • Improving performance • Empowering knowledge workers • Improving morale • Empowering the customer
  • 4.
  • 5.
    Standard Models • Request • Incident • Problem • Change
  • 6.
    Case Management • medical • crime • legal • social work • audits • emergency responses • military attacks
  • 7.
  • 8.
    a series of execution states Case • states are determined dynamically Management • external events can change the state. • options for action at each state • actions are chosen dynamically • Inputs and outputs decided dynamically • resources chosen dynamically o templates, checklists, content, policy, procedures, tools, people... • states and actions are unpredictable • goals will change as the case develops • planning is part of execution
  • 9.
    Standard+Case Standard models + Case Management = Standard+Case Model
  • 10.
    Standard+Case there's either astandard model or there isn't Standard Case
  • 11.
    If (XXXXXXXXXXXXXX) XXXXXX Else if (XXXXXXXXXXXXXX) XXXXXX Else if (XXXXXXXXXXXXXX) XXXXXX Else if (XXXXXXXXXXXXXX) XXXXXX Else if (XXXXXXXXXXXXXX) XXXXXX Else :Yikes! Call ExceptionRoutine (“I don’t know what to do”) End if
  • 13.
    The Cynefin model complex complicated exploratory exploitative unknown knowable unfamiliar disorder chaotic simple unknowable known
  • 14.
    The Cynefin model thinking complex complicated probe sense sense analyse respond respond disorder chaotic simple act sense sense categorise respond respond action
  • 15.
    The Cynefin model collaboration complex complicated disorder chaotic simple command
  • 16.
    The Cynefin model complex complicated Case unknown unfamiliar disorder chaotic simple Standard
  • 17.
    Standard Case • Routine • Unique • Predictable, repeatable • Non-repeated, unpredictable • Pre-planned by designers • Emergent: plan and workflow • Performed by trained process workers unfold as the case goes along • Revolves around a procedural • Performed by knowledge workers sequence of steps; and transfer • Revolves around knowledge and between people/groups information about the case; and • Controlled by the process designer and collaboration between owner people/groups • Can (and should) be process-modelled • Controlled by the participants • Defined and pre-documented • Cannot be process-modelled • Candidates for automation • Documented as the case proceeds • Candidates for analysis and • Cannot be automated optimisation using statistics and • Can analyse and optimise by observation reviewing on a case-by-case basis • Fragile in unknown exception • Robust in the face of unknown conditions exception conditions
  • 18.
    People • Collaboration • Empowerment • Skills • Motivation
  • 19.
    Gamification • Rank the Standard models by difficulty/risk • Give SD analysts training in each model • Give staff a badge for being certified • Some models we prefer they be executed by a certified staff member, some models the staff member must be certified • Only Case-certified staff members ("leveled up") deal with non-standard tickets -> empowered knowledge workers
  • 20.
    Practices / Process • Emergent • Diversity • Knowledge-centric • Policy and controls • Review • KCS: Knowledge Centred Support • Kanban • Root Cause Analysis: Kepner-Tregoe, Ishikawa...
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
    Things / Technology • Resources • Ticketing • Workflow • Checklists www.basicsm.com/checklists
  • 25.
    Tools • Knowledge management • Content management • Collaboration and communication • Ticketing
  • 26.
    Standard+Case • Clarifying and expanding the theory • Improving performance • Empowering knowledge workers • Improving morale • Empowering the customer
  • 27.
    Standard+Case S+C applies toanything that requires a human response: there's either a standard response or there isn't www.itskeptic.org/standard-case
  • 28.
    WITH THANKS TOOUR SPONSOR bmc remedyforce #TFT returns june 2013